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1.
Derek A. Muller Manjula D. Sharma John Eklund Peter Reimann 《Instructional Science》2007,35(6):519-533
Recent research on principles of best practice for designing effective multimedia instruction has rarely taken into account
students’ alternative conceptions, which are known to strongly influence learning. The goal of this study was to determine
how well students of quantum mechanics could learn ‘vicariously’ by watching a student-tutor dialogue based on alternative
conceptions. Two video treatments were created to summarize key aspects of quantum tunneling, a fundamental quantum mechanical
phenomenon. One video depicted a student-tutor dialogue, incorporating many of the common alternative conceptions on the topic,
and resolving inconsistencies in reasoning through discussion. The other presented the same correct physics material in an
expository style without alternative conceptions. Second year physics students were randomly assigned to one of the two treatments
and were tested before and after watching the video during a lecture. Results show a statistically significant (p < .01) advantage for the learners in the dialogue treatment (d = 0.71). Follow-up interviews of students yielded insight into the affective and cognitive benefits of the dialogue video. 相似文献
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Introductory electromagnetism is a central part of undergraduate physics. Although there has been some research into student
conceptions of electromagnetism, studies have been sparse and separated. This study sought to explore second year physics
students’ conceptions of electromagnetism, to investigate to what extent the results from the present study are similar to
these results from other studies, and to uncover any new forms of alternative conceptions. Data for this study came from 15
in-depth interviews. Three previously unreported alternative conceptions were identified in the study: 1) induced current
varies proportionately with current in solenoid; 2) there must be contact between magnetic flux and the external coil in order
for any emf to be induced in the coil; 3) coulombic or electrostatic potential difference is present in an induced electric
field. These alternative conceptions were manifested in these students’ explanations of electromagnetic phenomena presented
to them during the interviews. 相似文献
4.
Aguiar Muambalane Baquete Diane Grayson Inocente Vasco Mutimucuio 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(1):1-16
Indigenous knowledge is at risk of being lost in many parts of the world. It is important to find ways to preserve it for both cultural and practical reasons, since it is often well-suited to addressing local needs using available resources. If indigenous knowledge can be incorporated into school science curricula, it can also provide familiar contexts within which to learn scientific concepts, as well as helping the younger generation to recognise its value. The purpose of this study was to identify indigenous knowledge that could be related to physics concepts, with a view to integrating it into school curricula. Twenty-nine senior citizens from Chókwé, a rural village in Mozambique, volunteered to participate in two sets of in-depth interviews. The first set of interviews was individual and unstructured in order to explore which aspects of indigenous knowledge might be related to physics concepts. The second set was semi-structured and conducted in small groups in order to probe participants’ understanding and application of the identified physics concepts. The results showed that participants had indigenous knowledge that was useful to them in their daily lives and that were applications of thermal physics, static electricity and mechanics concepts. In some cases participants’ explanations were aligned to physics explanations, in some cases they were similar to students’ alternative conceptions identified in the literature, and in other cases they referred to supernatural phenomena. 相似文献
5.
Paulo Maurício Bianor Valente Isabel Chagas 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2017,15(7):1177-1194
In this work, we present a teaching-learning sequence on colour intended to a pre-service elementary teacher programme informed by History and Philosophy of Science. Working in a socio-constructivist framework, we made an excursion on the history of colour. Our excursion through history of colour, as well as the reported misconception on colour helps us to inform the constructions of the teaching-learning sequence. We apply a questionnaire both before and after each of the two cycles of action-research in order to assess students’ knowledge evolution on colour and to evaluate our teaching-learning sequence. Finally, we present a discussion on the persistence of deep-rooted alternative conceptions. 相似文献
6.
Dr Peter Searle 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):266-275
This paper reports on the application of a constructivist-based teaching strategy with a small group of first-year physics
students. Data collection and analysis procedures are discussed, and the responses of three students to three situations involving
force concepts are presented. A number of issues relevant to conceptual change teaching strategies are identified. In addition
to an emphasis on alternative conceptions, issues identified that require consideration when developing teaching strategies
for conceptual change include an emphasis on understanding physics terminology, the development of a supportive learning environment
and the use of a wide range of problem contexts.
Specializations: physics education, alternative conceptions, conceptual change. 相似文献
7.
During recent decades a shift in focus has been occurring that questions the historical cognitive-emotional dualism present in our culture and revalues the role of emotions in education. With this situation in mind, we wanted to discover what conceptions teachers have of the relationships existing between those emotions and the teaching-learning process. Given our cultural tradition, we depart from the assumption that it may be possible to differentiate the conceptions according to more or less integrated perspectives regarding the affective and cognitive functions in educational context. With the aim of identifying conception profiles and describing their specific characteristics, we interviewed 32 teachers whose discourses were categorized and statistically analysed using clustering and X2. The results are interpreted to account for a progression shaped by four types of conceptions ranging from perspectives that are not concerned with emotions, to others believing inseparability exists between affective and cognitive functions. Implications for future studies are then analysed from the obtained results. 相似文献
8.
David Ripley Irene Hudson Robin Turner AAhad Osman‐Gani 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2006,19(1):41-66
This exploratory study examines cross‐national similarities and differences in employee perceptions of issues in the work environment in 17 organizational work settings in seven Asia‐Pacific countries; Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States. Employees at these 17 sites indicated their degree of agreement with statements about 60 work environment issues which previous research has shown impact performance. Resulting data were compared using coefficients of concordance as described by Gibbons (1971) at three levels of analysis. Analysis indicated that differences and similarities in responses did not reflect those one would expect to find based on previous well‐known research concerning cultural differences in those same countries (Hall, 1976; Hofstede, 1980, 2001). This suggests that relying primarily on national cultural differences is not a sufficient guide for the design of performance improvement interventions in various countries and that other context factors need to be taken into account. Possible hypotheses for future research are offered. 相似文献
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Mariana Elisabet Siljamäki Eeva Anttila Arja Sääkslahti 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2014,58(1):55-72
This article is based on a phenomenographic study that focuses on identifying the pedagogical conceptions of Finnish teachers of transnational dances. The purpose is to uncover and understand teachers' conceptions concerning the implications of the cultural contexts of their specific dance forms for their pedagogical practices. Through a process of phenomenographic data analysis, the authors have identified three different ways to understand teachers' conceptions and experiences: (1) Dance as a path towards personal expression, (2) Telling a story of being a woman through dance, and (3) Self-approval and the collective nature of dance. The study aims at facilitating discussion about the process of cultural dialogue, especially within dance pedagogy. Understanding the complexity that diverse cultural contexts create is particularly important in countries like Finland, which have only brief histories of multicultural education. 相似文献
10.
Helen Georgiou Manjula Devi Sharma 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2012,10(5):1119-1142
Thermal physics is in the realm of everyday experience, underlies current environmental concerns, and underpins studies in sciences, health and engineering. In the state of NSW in Australia, the coverage of thermal topics in high school is minimal, and, hence, so is the conceptual understanding of students. This study takes a new approach at exploring conceptions of students with a qualitative analysis facilitated by NVivo complemented with reference to sociocultural ideas of learning. A 2-part pen and paper question was given to 598 first year university students of different educational backgrounds (and therefore physics expertise). ‘The Question’ was based on 2 familiar scenarios and required the selection of a concept first, followed by an explanation. The results showed that concepts were favoured based on a student’s everyday experience and their curriculum through high school, and some were more effective than others in making scientifically congruent responses. The reported thermal physics alternative conceptions were also examined in our sample, and students’ reasoning behind such conceptions indicate that some conceptions do not inhibit scientifically congruent responses whilst others do. The results implicate language and the everyday experiences of the student in the teaching and learning of thermal physics. 相似文献
11.
Background and purpose : Knowing how students learn physics is a central goal of physics education. The major purpose of this study is to examine the strength of the predictive power of students’ epistemic views and conceptions of learning in terms of their approaches to learning in physics. Sample, design and method : A total of 279 Taiwanese high school students ranging from 15 to 18?years old participated in this study. Three questionnaires for assessing high school students’ epistemic views on physics, conceptions of learning physics and approaches to learning physics were developed. Step-wise regression was performed to examine the predictive power of epistemic views on physics and conceptions of learning physics in terms of their approaches to learning physics. Results and conclusion: The results indicated that, in general, compared to epistemic views on physics, conceptions of learning physics are more powerful in predicting students’ approaches to learning physics in light of the regression models. That is, students’ beliefs about learning, compared with their beliefs about knowledge, may be more associated with their learning approaches. Moreover, this study revealed that the higher-level conceptions of learning physics such as ‘Seeing in a new way’ were more likely to be positively correlated with the deep approaches to learning physics, whereas the lower-level conceptions such as ‘Testing’ were more likely to positively explain the surface approaches, as well as to negatively predict the deep approaches to learning physics. 相似文献
12.
During the last two decades many researchers in mathematics and science education have studied students’ conceptions and ways of reasoning in mathematics and science. Most of this research is content‐specific. It was found that students hold alternative ideas that are not always compatible with those accepted in science. It was suggested that in the process of learning science or mathematics, students should restructure their specific conceptions to make them conform to currently accepted scientific ideas. In our work in mathematics and science education it became apparent that some of the alternative conceptions in science and mathematics are based on the same intuitive rules. We have so far identified two such rules: “More of A, more of B”, and “Subdivision processes can always be repeated”. The first rule is reflected in subjects’ responses to many tasks, including all classical Piagetian conservation tasks (conservation of number, area, weight, volume, matter, etc.) in all tasks related to intensive quantities (density, temperature, concentration, etc.) and in all tasks related to infinite quantities. The second rule is observed in students’, preservice and inservice teachers’ responses to tasks related to successive division of material and geometrical objects and in seriation tasks. In this paper, we describe and discuss these rules and their relevance to science and mathematics education. 相似文献
13.
Research suggests that conventional teaching techniques have proved largely ineffective for dealing with the problem of science students’ misconceptions or alternative frameworks. This paper reports an investigation whereby inter‐personal conflict within dyadic interactions is used as a strategy for promoting development towards correct scientific conceptions in specific areas of electrical circuits and mechanics amongst first‐year tertiary physics students. The data indicate that a large number of physics students at the tertiary level hold non‐scientific conceptions of these physical phenomena. The dyadic interaction strategy proved effective as a means of encouraging students to actively and closely consider their own thinking about basic physical concepts. Further, results highlight the importance of inter‐personal conflict in the process of conceptual change. 相似文献
14.
Hye-Eun Chu David F. Treagust A. L. Chandrasegaran 《Research in Science Education》2008,38(1):111-125
This research involved na?ve physics learners who were interested in majoring in science or engineering. In a semester-long
quasi-experimental study, open-ended pretests and weekly interviews were used to analyse the progressive development of students’
conceptions relating to sound and wave motion. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted to elucidate: (1) how their
conceptions developed from everyday conceptions to unclear scientific conceptions to scientific conceptions, and (2) their
beliefs of physics knowledge. Despite efforts to enable these students to learn physics, the findings showed that only two
out of ten students developed acceptable physics conceptions during the course that would enable them to pursue the subject
to a higher level. Also, students’ conceptual development was found to be related to their cognitive understanding and to
epistemological beliefs of physics. Therefore, to facilitate na?ve physics learners’ success in a general physics course,
in addition to the acquisition of content knowledge, explicit emphasis needs to be placed on the nature of physics knowledge. 相似文献
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Pieter Licht 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1991,14(1):19-30
This paper describes a project on electricity education, aiming at the construction of a teaching strategy which takes into account pupils’ alternative conceptions on electric circuits. With this project we want to provide teachers with feasible diagnostic tools and teaching materials in order to promote conceptual change among pupils. The research findings indicate the effectiveness of a teaching strategy in one of the higher forms of secondary education in which an explicit confrontation takes place between the pupils’ own alternative conceptions and some physics concepts in the domain of electricity. 相似文献
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21世纪的今天,如何在国际贸易中遵守商务规范,顺应各国不同的文化特征,是我们能够在世界贸易舞台上茁壮立足的先决条件。本文从文化层面对中西文化异同的表象进行分析,总结国际贸易中的文化因素,以期为国际贸易商务英语从业人士提供些许启示,并对商务英语课程体系的构建和实训研究提供背景支持。 相似文献
18.
作为一种非言语语言,并不是所有的身体语言在不同文化中都有着相同的含义。一方面,在不同文化中,身体语言存在共同性,这包括:1)人类共同享有的生物特性;2)不同文化中相同的社会特性;3)不同文化中,作用相同;4)文化区别缩小。另一方面,身体语言在不同文化中的不同点包括:1)不同身体语言,相同信息;2)相同身体语言,不同含义;3)一些身体语言仅存在特定国家;4)一些身体语言虽存在于特定国家,但不存在特定含义。所以我们有必要知道身体语言在不同文化中的同与异。 相似文献
19.
法国和加拿大医师培养的差异及其社会历史原因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
法国和加拿大在经济、政治、尤其是卫生保健体系等诸多领域有许多相似之处,但在医学教育体制上则有较为显著的差异,其主要原因可归结为两国的历史发展进程及民族价值观各不相同。从不同国家的社会、政治、历史的角度来分析比较其医学教育体制及教育过程的异同,对医学教育的国际合作、医学教育改革等有着非常重要的参考与借鉴作用。 相似文献
20.
Gregory P. Thomas 《Research in Science Education》1999,29(1):89-109
Considerable research has been published on students' alternative conceptions of science concepts and the means of addressing
those alternative conceptions. However, few studies have been reported on students' conceptions of learning and consequent
learning processes and attempts to change such conceptions and processes. Recent research has shown that students' beliefs
can act as barriers to the implementation of educational reforms that aim to alter students' learning processes. In this study
an interpretive methodology was employed by a teacher participant-observer to investigate barriers to students' adoption of
an alternative referent for learning and its consequent learning strategies in a Grade 11 chemistry class. Student narratives
suggest that both “cold” and “hot” contextual factors influenced students' willingness to adopt an alternative referent. The
consideration of “hot” factors, including students' beliefs, trust of the teacher, and ownership of the change process, is
necessary if such change is to be understood more fully. The value and difficulties of a teacher adopting this researcher's
perspective are also explored. 相似文献