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1.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the psychological concomitants of discrepancies between fourth- to sixth-grade children's perceptions of academic competence and 2 measures of their "actual" competence in this domain: teacher ratings and achievement test scores. Over-, under-, and congruent child raters were identified on the basis of the 2 external standards and then compared on child and teacher ratings of self-esteem, self-regulatory style, and coping with perceived failure. 6 teachers and 121 lower- to upper-middle-class suburban students participated. As predicted, no differences were obtained between congruent and distorted (combined over- and under-) raters on these self-system variables. Consistent with previous research, overrating children showed higher self-esteem on self- and teacher ratings than underraters. After controlling for level of perceived competence, overraters scored higher on anxiety, and, when overrating occurred against the teacher standard, these children were rated by teachers as having lower self-esteem, poorer coping strategies, and less internalized self-regulatory styles. Comparing the 2 standards, self-reported difficulties were associated with underrating against the teacher's standard but not the achievement standard. Teacher reported difficulties were associated with the opposite pattern of underrating against the 2 standards. Motivational factors contributing to patterns of discrepancies are discussed, as are the educational implications of mismatches between teacher and student perceptions of objective and intrapsychic aspects of school experience. 相似文献
2.
This study focused on kindergarten children who were rated by teachers as low but rated themselves as high on cognitive competence (“overraters”), and on kindergarteners who were classified by teachers as high but rated themselves as low on cognitive competence (“underraters”). Children rated themselves and were rated by their teachers on Harter and Pike's (1984) Pictorial Scale for Young Children. Results showed that overrating and underrating in the cognitive domain were associated with similar tendencies in the physical, peer, and mother acceptance domains. Overraters were rated by teachers as lower on peer and mother acceptance than were accurate perceivers with similar teacher-rated cognitive competence. Underraters did not differ on these variables from accurate perceivers of similar teacher-rated cognitive competence. The findings are consistent with the notion that extreme overrating among kindergarteners is not a chance phenomenon, but a defensive strategy that occurs most often among children who are particularly unsuccessful in the social domains. In contrast, underrating among kindergarteners does not seem to be associated with low social acceptance. 相似文献
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合作式教学在多媒体教学中的运用 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
计算机技术的迅猛发展使多媒体英语教学成为可能，从而革新了传统的英语教学模式。但由于缺乏人际交流，多媒体教学在培养学生的语言交际能力方面存在一定的局限性。20世纪80年代兴起的合作式教学模式注重学生间的交流互动，有利于学习者实际运用语言能力的提高，可以用来弥补多媒体教学中的不足。本文在分析二者各自优势的基础上，提出了一个能将二者结合起来的多媒体教学施教策略，为大学英语教学改革提供了一个有益的尝试。 相似文献
4.
Subject-specific self-efficacy is a measure of confidence in one’s own ability to complete tasks related to that subject. This confidence does not necessarily reflect actual ability in the subject and can be an over- or underestimate of true ability. We use nationally representative samples of 15-year-old students from the US to measure the degree of over-/under-confidence in mathematics and science, and explore its relationship with student demographic characteristics such as gender, grade and race. Our results suggest that white students consistently underestimate their ability, whereas black and Hispanic students consistently overestimate it. This pattern in over-/under-confidence persists even after controlling for student and school level differences. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
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科研训练:提高大学生创新能力的有效途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提高大学生的创新能力是大学教育的重要目标，科研训练对提高大学生的创新素质具有重要影响和作用，把科研训练贯穿在大学教育的全过程是提高大学生创新能力的有效途径。教改实践证明，采取科研训练与课程教学、实验教学、设计实践和课外科技活动相结合的模式开展大学生科研训练，为全面提高大学生创新能力开创了广阔前景。 相似文献
7.
赵利 《河北能源职业技术学院学报》2007,7(2):88-90
在实际的教学中,人们往往只注意传授知识的任务完成的好坏.但是,为了培养真正有用的人才,教师在教学中,除了考虑到让他们很好地掌握教材中的基础知识外,还必须注意对学生能力的培养.本文就如何培养学生理解能力、运用能力和自学能力提出自己的观点,并运用到实践教学中,取得良好的教学效果. 相似文献
8.
In spite of the expectations that exist regarding efforts to develop competence and in spite of the large amounts of resources devoted to it, there is a marked lack of empirically-based research on competence development in companies and other organizations. The purpose of this article is to present a review of research on strategies for competence development in organizations, their prerequisites and effects. More specifically, the following three questions will be addressed: (i) Why do organizations invest in competence development? (ii) What effects can realistically be achieved through competence development? (iii) What characterizes successful strategies for competence development in organizations? Before these questions are dealt with, different views of the meaning of the concepts of competence and competence development are presented and discussed. 相似文献
9.
This article provides an overview of the Hofstee standard‐setting method and illustrates several situations where the Hofstee method will produce undefined cut scores. The situations where the cut scores will be undefined involve cases where the line segment derived from the Hofstee ratings does not intersect the score distribution curve based on actual exam performance data. Data from 15 standard settings performed by a credentialing organization are used to investigate how common undefined cut scores are with the Hofstee method and to compare cut scores derived from the Hofstee method with those from the Beuk method. Results suggest that when Hofstee cut scores exist that the Hofstee and Beuk methods often yield fairly similar results. However, it is shown that undefined Hofstee cut scores did occur in a few situations. When Hofstee cut scores are undefined, it is suggested that one extend the Hofstee line segment so that it intersects the score distribution curve to estimate cut scores. Analyses show that extending the line segment to estimate cut scores often yields similar results to the Beuk method. The article concludes with a discussion of what these results may imply for people who want to employ the Hofstee method. 相似文献
10.
以新疆广播为研究对象,以新疆人民广播电台作为个案,结合核心竞争力理论,系统分析了新形势下新疆广播媒体所面临的机遇与挑战,进而提出增强新疆广播核心竞争力的方法和策略,力求为新疆广播走出困境寻找有价值的理论依据和发展规律。 相似文献
11.
王伟 《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2003,(5):41-45
企业培训机构的核心竞争力是其不同于其他培训机构的独具特色的培训优势与能力，现实和未来都说明。企业培训机构建立核心竞争力成为不客回避的必然选择。打造企业培训机构的核心竞争力，要解决培训资源、管理理念、特色专业、师资队伍以及拓展为企业服务的领域等一系列相应的技术性问题。 相似文献
12.
Evaluating assessment quality in competence-based education: A qualitative comparison of two frameworks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Liesbeth K.J. Baartman Theo J. Bastiaens Paul A. Kirschner Cees P.M. van der Vleuten 《Educational Research Review》2007,2(2):114-129
Because learning and instruction are increasingly competence-based, the call for assessment methods to adequately determine competence is growing. Using just one single assessment method is not sufficient to determine competence acquisition. This article argues for Competence Assessment Programmes (CAPs), consisting of a combination of different assessment methods, including both traditional and new forms of assessment. To develop and evaluate CAPs, criteria to determine their quality are needed. Just as CAPs are combinations of traditional and new forms of assessment, criteria used to evaluate CAP quality should be derived from both psychometrics and edumetrics. A framework of 10 quality criteria for CAPs is presented, which is then compared to Messick's framework of construct validity. Results show that the 10-criterion framework partly overlaps with Messick's, but adds some important new criteria, which get a more prominent place in quality control issues in competence-based education. 相似文献
13.
XIN Xudong CRAWFORD John E 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2006,12(B09):152-157
Cased explosives generate highly energetic fragments as their casing breaks up. Due to the complexity of casing fragment related behavior such as embedment, perforation and ricochet, it may be insufficient to use equivalent triangular pressure loading in fragment impact simulations. This simplified method may over- or under-predict the target response. Recently, a procedure using contact techniques has been proposed to overcome such difficulties. It has been shown that the new method has the inherent capability in modeling the multi-piece and multi-hit fragment impact problems in a more realistic way. To investigate the applicability of the proposed method to simulations involving multi-layer penetration, the selected problems of fragment impact on multi-layer targets are described in this paper. It is demonstrated that this method is capable of predicting the complicated multi-layer structural response caused by fragment impact and penetration, Modeling procedures and some technical issues are also discussed. 相似文献
14.
CRAWFORD John E 《天津大学学报(英文版)》2006,12(Z1)
Cased explosives generate highly energetic fragments as their casing breaks up. Due to the complexity of casing fragment related behavior such as embedment, perforation and ricochet, it may be insufficient to use equivalent triangular pressure loading in fragment impact simulations. This simplified method may over- or under-predict the target response. Recently, a procedure using contact techniques has been proposed to overcome such difficulties. It has been shown that the new method has the inherent capability in modeling the multi-piece and multi-hit fragment impact problems in a more realistic way. To investigate the applicability of the proposed method to simulations involving multi-layer penetration, the selected problems of fragment impact on multi-layer targets are described in this paper. It is demonstrated that this method is capable of predicting the complicated multi-layer structural response caused by fragment impact and penetration. Modeling procedures and some technical issues are also discussed. 相似文献
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文章应用SPSS12.0统计软件对中国非英语专业英语学习者跨文化交际能力和文化差异敏感度开展调查并对所得数据进行分析,并归纳了现阶段我国外语教学中文化教学的特点;通过提高第二语言学习者文化差异敏感度从而提高跨文化交际能力的可行性,为第二语言教学中如何提高学习者跨文化交际能力这一教学目标找到新的出口。 相似文献
17.
A total of 807 third and sixth graders completed questionnaires about their academic competence, feelings of depression, and symptoms of anxiety, every 6 months for 3 years. Teachers provided objective measures of academic competence. Compared to teachers' ratings, boys overestimated and girls underestimated their academic competence. Gender differences first emerged in fourth or fifth grade and increased through eighth grade. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were negatively associated with academic overestimation. Furthermore, controlling for depression and anxiety eliminated most of the gender differences in academic over- and underestimation. Finally, self-reported depression and anxiety predicted changes in the tendency to overestimate academic competence over time. Evidence of the reverse relation was much weaker. 相似文献
18.
Brian Fleming 《History of education》2016,45(2):169-187
In 1831, the British Government decided to become directly involved in the provision of elementary education in Ireland, a country over which it then had jurisdiction. By European standards of the time this was a highly unusual step. A number of scholars have interrogated the factors that led to this outcome as well as the role played by various individuals. Daniel O’Connell’s activities, at this time, have been described as relatively limited, which appears incongruous given that he is considered the most powerful Irish politician of this era and was then at the height of his powers. It is the central contention of this article that O’Connell was, in fact, intimately involved in bringing about a national system of elementary education. Of more lasting significance is the manner in which he defined the role of the politician vis-à-vis the Church authorities in educational policy-making. In this regard he established a pattern that remained unchanged for over a century and indeed, it could be argued, largely persists to this day. 相似文献
19.
赵莉莉 《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》2010,24(4)
英语语言学在研究语言本身的同时,也研究其使用过程,以及此过程所涉及的社会和心理因素。文章指出人们对"以学生为中心"的英语教学法为主的课堂教学的普遍看法,以及学生自身因素等对英语教学的影响。针对以提高学生交际能力为目的的英语课程,提出了如何提高学生语言应用能力的课堂教学对策。 相似文献
20.
两种活动在两类素质发展中的作用及其关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陈佑清 《华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2005,44(4):127-131
学生的素质发展是在自身的能动活动中实现的。而活动具有两种不同的类型,即“知识活动”与“实际活动”。与这两种活动相对应,人的素质也有两种不同的形式,即“知识活动素质”和“实际活动素质”。在这两类素质的发展中,知识活动与实际活动所发挥的作用及两者间的关系是不同的。对于知识活动素质的发展来讲,知识学习起着主要的作用,而实际活动或直接经验起辅助作用;而在实际活动素质的发展中,知识学习或间接经验的获得只是一个基础和起点,实际活动或直接经验起着关键的作用。 相似文献