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1.
The aim of this article is to illustrate how Swedish schools construct different pedagogic identities in the way they marketize themselves. We examine through a Bernsteinian lens how upper secondary schools promote themselves; what identities are being called for by the schools and how these identities are expressed. Moreover, the article intends to study how these identities are reflected in studied school actors and how they can be understood in relation to the labour market. We have analysed texts from various kinds of marketing materials, including websites and prospectuses of the schools. The empirical data also include interviews with various school actors. In addition, we attended and recorded observations at open houses and school fairs. Our findings indicate a strong differentiated market-oriented education system, mediated not only through distinctions in courses and programmes, but also through schools creating highly specific niches and targeting specific students as valuable commodities. 相似文献
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This article challenges one of the central orthodoxies of much school effectiveness and school improvement work – namely that schools should strive to become more consistent environments for pupils and teachers. It reviews the arguments for consistency; the success of centralised systems, and the 'mirroring' of factors of effectiveness at the different levels of organisation but also examines the evidence which seems inconsistent with this thesis. For example, the differential performance of boys and girls in some schools and of certain ethnic groups in some school environments. Whilst not suggesting that 'consistency' theories should be rejected in all circumstances the article argues that the motivation of students is the key factor which needs to link school organisation and school context. Drawing on organisational literature the analysis concludes that effective schools are most likely to be those which are able to differentiate their structures, strategies and policies for different groups of pupils and different learning tasks. 相似文献
4.
《International Journal of Educational Research》1997,27(4):321-331
This study is a conceptual and empirical extension of a variety of recent investigations that have attempted to establish linkages between and syntheses among school environment characteristics and school effectiveness. Of particular interest was the extent to which the adult professional learning environment characteristics of schools can be conceptualized, operationalized, and linked to multiple indices of school effectiveness. The development and construct validation of a measure of teachers' perceptions of structural and cultural factors enhancing their learning in the school environment is described for a large sample of teachers in elementary, middle, and secondary schools. Implications for future research and theory development on school level environments are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Binwei Lu 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(2):339-363
Previous research evaluating grammar school effectiveness has generally relied on snapshot or longitudinal regression models to deal with pre-existing differences between grammar school pupils and those in non-selective schools. These passive designs are based on correlations, and cannot demonstrate clear positive causal relationships between grammar school attendance and subsequent attainment. After accounting for the variables available for the analysis, pupils in different schools might still have distinct and unmeasured characteristics which threaten the validity of any conclusions drawn. Given that a randomised trial is not feasible under current conditions, this study addresses the limitations of previous research, using a regression discontinuity design (RDD) approach. This is the first use of RDD to attempt to make a robust causal inference about the effectiveness of grammar schools in one local authority in England. However, the authority, the Department for Education and the schools would not provide the individual data on pupils’ 11+ entry test scores, and the scores obtained could not be uniquely matched to Key Stage 4 outcomes. While the model presented suggests that there is an advantage to grammar school attendance, the incomplete data means that the study is more a feasibility trial of this strong design than any kind of definitive test intended to settle the debate on grammar school effectiveness. Conducting this design with national data on grammar school selection would create the most powerful evidence so far. To promote an effective and equitable education system for generations to come, those advocating the expansion of grammar schools should make the responsible decision to disclose all grammar school selection data for the purposes of research. 相似文献
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关于学校效能评价标准和方法的两点认识 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
学校效能的评价标准和方法与对学校效能和学校效能评价的理解有直接关系.学校效能就是学校促进学校人员、学校工作和学校事业发展的有效作用;学校效能评价就是对学校有效促进学校人员、学校工作和学校事业发展的评价.这样,学校效能的评价标准就包括学校各类人员、各类工作和学校各项事业发展三方面因素;学校评价的方法就应采取定量评价和定性评价、增值评价和非增值评价相结合的方法,同时还要注意学校效能评价在理论、操作和作用上的限度. 相似文献
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Under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), it is imperative that American public schools assess and improve not only academic but also non-academic measures of student learning such as socioemotional skills. The policy shift towards broad-based school accountability calls for reassessing school effectiveness from whole child development perspectives and addressing potential biases and limitations of conventional value-added measures (VAM). Through multivariate multilevel analyses of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kintergarten (ECLS-K): 2011 data, this study applies multi-objective value-added measures (MOVAM) approach to assess and improve school effectiveness for academic and socioemotional learning. The study results show different patterns of academic vs. socioemotional learning gains, and also weak correlations between school effects on the two types of learning outcomes. Nevertheless, the comparisons of academically and socioemotionally effective vs. ineffective schools imply that schools can and should improve both academic and socioemotional learning outcomes through synergistic improvement of key organizational and instructional conditions. 相似文献
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Outcome-oriented evaluation of school effectiveness is often based on student test scores in certain critical examinations. This study provides another method of evaluation—value-added—which is based on student achievement progress. This paper introduces the method of estimating the value-added score of schools in multi-level models. Based on longitudinal student achievement data, two measures of school effectiveness in one local education authority in China are compared. It is found that the between-school difference in both test-score and value-added is large comparable with that of Western countries. The results of the two measures of school effectiveness are highly different. The value-added measures lack consistency across different subject areas within schools while the test score measures are highly correlated between subjects. Teachers show their preference for value-added measures over test-score measures of education quality. It is suggested that value-added measures of school effectiveness should be used as a complement to rather than a substitute for test-score measures. The shortcomings of value-added approach are also discussed. 相似文献
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Garrett K. Mandeville 《Journal of Educational Measurement》1988,25(4):349-356
School effectiveness indices (SEIs) based on residuals from regressing test performance onto prior test performance and a socioeconomic status (SES) measure were obtained for 2 consecutive years for 431 elementary schools. The resulting SEIs were found to be reasonably stable year to year, the correlations ranging from. 34 to .66, depending on grade level (1–4) and subject (reading and mathematics). To aid in the identification of the factors that affect the stability of school achievement, correlations of the SEIs across subjects and grade levels were obtained also. It was determined that SEIs reflecting the performance of students at the same grade level were relatively stable, whether the same or different students were involved. However, SEIs reflecting the performance of students at different grade levels were very unstable. This suggests that grade-within-school effects dominate whatever global school effects operate in elementary schools. Implications for effective schools research, the design of school recognition/reward programs, and research and measurement specialists in general are discussed 相似文献
10.
学校效能的增值评价——对河北省保定市普通高中学校的实证研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
学校评价在教育评价体系中处于核心地位,它直接影响着对教师评价和学生评价的原则以及学校的发展方向。运用增值评价学校效能是当前学校评价研究的重要内容。对河北省保定市普通高中学校效能进行实证研究结果表明60%~80%的高考成绩校际差距都不是学校本身所导致的,在提高学生进步幅度方面,不同学校间存在明显差异。增值评价结果与高考分数评价结果存在较大差异;学校效能在不同学科间没有显著差异;学校对不同学生群体的效能无差异。学校效能的增值评价对于创新学校评价体系具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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Yin Cheong Cheng 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(2):85-110
This study intends to investigate how school organizational culture is related to important organizational characteristics and observe how the profiles of strong culture‐effective schools are different from those of weak culture‐ineffective schools in terms of organizational variables (such as principal's leadership, organizational structure, and teachers’ social interactions), teachers’ job attitudes, and school effectiveness criteria. It is a cross‐sectional survey research involving 54 randomly sampled Hong Kong secondary schools and 588 teachers. The unit of analysis is the school. Organizational ideology index was found to be substantially correlated with schools’ perceived organizational effectiveness. Among the 10 measures of these organizational variables, teachers’ esprit and principal's charismatic leadership can contribute substantially to the prediction of school's strength of organizational culture. The organizational profile of perceived strong culture‐effective schools is contrastingly different from that of perceived weak culture‐ineffective schools. The findings suggest that difference in organizational culture can be reflected at least in three overt levels: 1. organizational level in terms of principal's leadership behaviors, organizational formalization and participation, and teachers’ social norms; 2. teachers’ attitudinal level in terms of organizational commitment, social job satisfaction, intrinsic job satisfaction, and influence job satisfaction; and 3. school effectiveness level in terms of perceived overall organizational effectiveness and academic achievements in public examinations. The findings reinforce the importance of organizational culture to the ongoing effort and discussion of school improvement and school effectiveness. 相似文献
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School effectiveness indices (SEIs) based on regressing achievement test performance onto earlier test performance and a socioeconomic status (SES) measure were obtained for eight subject–grade level combinations for a large sample of elementary schools. School means based on longitudinally matched student scores comprised the data set used in the analysis. The resulting SEIs were found to be somewhat unstable across subject areas (reading and mathematics) and very unstable across grade levels (1 through 4). Grade-to-grade correlations of the SEIs measuring mathematics performance, although small, tended to be statistically significant, whereas those measuring reading performance were generally nonsignificant. Thus, school effects may be more readily discernible in some subject areas than in others. Implications for research on effective schools and for the design of school recognition programs based on student test performance are discussed. 相似文献
13.
采用学校效能问卷对三所特殊学校106名教师进行了调查研究。结果表明:三所特殊学校学校效能各不相同;特殊学校学校效能存在人口统计学变量差异;创校历史、班级数量不同,学校效能亦不相同。 相似文献
14.
为探索既具科学性又具可操作性的学校评价方法,本研究选取某省544所中学2006年至2010年高考成绩,采用多层线性模型（HLM）,对单一学校、某一区域学校的效能增值情况进行评价,并对不同学校群体之间的效能增值差异进行比较。研究结果表明,同一学校在学科、总分及不同年度的增值表现不同;同一区域的学校在学科、总分及不同年度的增值表现也不同;不同类型学校：之间在效能增值上存在差异。 相似文献
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A longitudinal study was conducted over four stages of three school years across the primary – secondary transition. The purpose was to understand the dynamic transition experience of pupils, investigate the effectiveness of preparation by schools to support transitions and understand pupils’ most important support networks. Using online questionnaires, data were collected from pupils at four time points, twice from secondary school professionals and their parents, and once from primary school professionals. Results highlight the ongoing and dynamic nature of transitions. What pupils were excited about were still seen to be good once they were in secondary school , and aspects that worried them declined over time. Some pupils experienced problems and adapted at different times, whereas for some, problems emerged later. It seems that those who anticipated problems when in primary school were more likely to experience problems; this has implications for the discourse around transitions and its impact on pupils’ anticipation of transition experience. Although transition planning and preparation by schools were important and varied, they were not always effective, not provided in a timely manner and did not tap into their naturally occurring support networks in the home and community. This study makes unique contributions in terms of highlighting the dynamic transitions process and change in pupils’ experience over time; various aspects of transitions that children are excited and concerned about and how these changed over time; professionals’ conceptualisations of transitions; pupils’ and parents’ views of the effectiveness of transition practices at various stages; and pupils’ real support networks. 相似文献
16.
伏干 《黑龙江教育学院学报》2011,30(9):97-99
德育的工作对象是人,因此德育论的构建应遵循一定的心理学规律。基于此,从品德的构成要素及研究视角等方面进行分析,探讨当前的各家德育论体系中存在的心理学思想,从而促使德育工作者积极探索,不断拓展传统的模式,以人为本,把握规律,提高德育的有效性,切实指导中小学德育实践。 相似文献
17.
Michael Fertig 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(3):385-403
This article looks at the current state of play in research into effective schools in the developing world and seeks to identify some of the underlying concerns arising from this work. School effectiveness research in developing countries will be contrasted with that within the developed world, and will be analysed in the context of the work of donor agencies and of the demands made by structural adjustment policies. A view of 'school effectiveness' which is contextually-related is posited, stressing the need to examine whether an examination of the effectiveness of schools should be considered in terms of the perceptions of different stakeholders, rather than in relation to an 'objective' checklist derived from research in a different cultural context, and often done years earlier. 相似文献
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Juan Pablo Valenzuela Cristián Bellei Claudio Allende 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2016,27(4):473-491
The objective of this study was to identify trajectories of school improvement experienced by Chilean elementary schools over the last decade. Using econometric analysis and controlling for potential confounding factors, we created an index of school performance combining outcome indicators focused on different school dimensions, and estimated the 2002/2010 evolution of school improvement for all Chilean schools with available data. Broadly, we estimated an average increase in the school performance of about 0.19 SD; nevertheless, while 41% of the schools increased their educational performance by at least 0.1 SD, 25% of the schools decreased it during the same period; we also found that improving school effectiveness was more probable among schools with lower student socioeconomic status (SES). Finally, we found that the observed school improvement trajectories tended to be non-linear; thus, we estimated that only 13.4% of the schools improved their performance in a systematic way during the entire decade. 相似文献
19.
The Significance of the Classroom Effect in Primary Schools: An Application of Creemers' Comprehensive Model of Educational Effectiveness 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
L. Kyriakides R.J. Campbell A. Gagatsis 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(4):501-529
This article presents findings of an attempt to test Creemers' model of educational effectiveness by using data derived from an evaluation study in Mathematics in which 30 schools, 56 classes and 1,051 pupils of the last year of primary school of Cyprus participated. More specifically, we examine whether the pupil, classroom and school variables show the expected effects on pupils' achievement in Mathematics. Research data concerned with pupils' achievement in Mathematics were collected by using two different forms of assessment (external assessment and teacher's assessment). Questionnaires were administered to pupils and teachers in order to collect data about most of the variables included in Creemers' model. The findings support the main assumptions of the model. The influences on pupil achievement are multilevel and the net effect of classrooms was higher than that of schools. Implications for the development of research on school effectiveness are drawn. 相似文献
20.
The present paper examines whether there is significant variation in schooling outcomes between Scottish secondary schools, and if so, how much is associated with pupil intake, and how much is associated with the schools they attend. It also examines whether schools vary in their effectiveness for different types of pupils, and whether schools tend to be superior, or inferior, across three different outcome measures. The study employed a subsample of data from the 1977 Scottish School Leavers Survey on over 700 pupils from 15 schools in one administrative division. These data were linked to data on the verbal reasoning quotients of the pupils, derived from a test administered to them before they entered secondary school. For each of the 15 schools we estimated the expected scores on measures of English, arithmetic and overall attainment for pupils with below average, average, and above average ability, controlling for pupils’ verbal ability, gender, prestige of father's occupation, mother's education, and number of siblings. The study shows there was wide variation in schooling outcomes between secondary schools in the division, even after controlling for family background characteristics and pupil ability prior to entering secondary school. There were few schools that were particularly effective for low ability pupils, but not high ability pupils and vice versa. Schools tended to be effective, or ineffective, across all three outcome measures. 相似文献