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1.
Achievement goal theory suggests that goal orientations and the perceived motivational climate may influence one another and other motivational variables over time. Therefore, the purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to examine the relationship between perceived motivational climate and goal orientations over time (b) to investigate how goal orientations may fluctuate when the climate was in opposition to the initial goal orientation, (c) to determine how the climate may impact practice strategies. A set of inventories was administered to 162 college students at preselected times throughout several 16-week physical activity classes. Changes occurred in students' goal orientations, particularly when the perceived motivational climate was in opposition to their goal orientation. Aspects of the task-involving climate positively predicted practice strategies. 相似文献
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目的调查武汉地区高校大学生体力活动的影响因素,构建社会生态模型,为制定大学生健康促进策略、提高其体质健康水平提供支持。方法对武汉地区5所高校1992名(男生1011人,女生981人;理科生1024人,文科生968人)大学生进行体力活动影响因素的问卷调查。结果武汉地区高校大学生体力活动的影响因素可由个人认识、家长朋友支持、学校条件、社区条件和教师支持这5个一阶因子和个人认识、人际关系、学校社区环境这2个二阶因子的社会生态模型来概括;个人认识同人际关系的关联度很高,但是同学校社区环境的关联度较低;男生在一阶因子得分和二阶因子得分都高于女生,文科生同理科生对比无差异。结论武汉地区大学生体力活动的影响因素可以由社会生态模型来解释,学校、社区和家庭三方配合较差,需要国家给予政策层面的支持和引导,为大学生创造可持续的体育参与机会,构建多方协调、合作、联动的体力活动促进模式。 相似文献
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James J. Annesi Kandice J. Porter Grant M. Hill Bernard D. Goldfine 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):358-364
Purpose: The aim of this research was to assess the association between university-based instructional physical activity (PA) courses and changes in overall PA levels and negative mood and their interrelations. The study also sought to determine the amount of change in PA required to significantly improve mood in course enrollees. Method: Participants were university students initially completing PA below the level recommended for health who were either presently enrolled in an elective instructional PA course (treatment group, n = 52, 69% female) or not presently enrolled in such a course (comparison group, n = 32, 69% female). Validated surveys assessed volumes of PA completed per week and overall negative mood from baseline to course end. Mediation analyses assessed group effects on mood through PA changes and reciprocal relations between PA and mood changes. Results: There was a significantly greater increase in PA and significantly more reduction in negative mood in the treatment group. Change in PA completely mediated the relationship between group and change in negative mood, and change in mood completely mediated the relationship between group and PA. These findings indicated a reciprocal, mutually reinforcing relationship between changes in PA and mood. An increase in PA of at least 2 days/week was associated with a significant reduction in negative mood, with no greater effect for more increase. Conclusions: Results provided an improved understanding of the effects of university-based instructional PA courses and how they might be leveraged to improve students’ mental health and possibly contribute to their academic success. 相似文献
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Catherine D. Ennis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(3):241-250
For many years, pedagogical scholars and physical education (PE) teachers have worked to enhance effective teaching and learning environments. Yet for some children, youth, and young adults, many of the benefits associated with a physically active lifestyle remain elusive. Enhancing programming and performance to meet physical activity goals may require moving programs beyond “effective.” It will require teachers and program leaders to focus programmatic attention on strategies to actually increase students’ out-of-class physical activity behavior. Transformative PE provides physical activity content within a nurturing and motivating environment that can change students’ lives. It focuses on PE students’ role in cognitive decision making, self-motivation, and their search for personal meaning that can add connection and relevance to physical activities. In this SHAPE America – Society of Health and Physical Educators Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport Lecture, I have synthesized the research on these topics to emphasize useful findings applicable to teachers’ everyday planning and teaching. Using sport, physical activity, dance, and adventure activities as the means to an end for personal and social growth, we can meet our commitment to effective standards-based education while preparing students for a lifetime of physical activity. 相似文献
5.
José Devís-Devís Vicente J. Beltrán-Carrillo Carmen Peiró-Velert 《Sport, Education and Society》2015,20(3):361-380
This paper explores socio-ecological factors and their interplay that emerge from a qualitative study and influence adolescents' physical activity and sport participation. A total of 13 boys and 7 girls active and inactive adolescents, from years 12 and 13 and different types of school (state and private), participated in semi-structured interviews. It followed a purposeful sampling selection from participants who participated in a previous larger study on physical activity levels. Findings highlight the influence of personal and social interplay, such as perceived competence, obesity and teasing from peers, and new social demands and personal preferences in adolescents' (dis)engagement in physical activity and sport. They also stand out how social and environmental factors affect their participation, such as family, boy/girlfriends, physical education and rural/urban places of residence. These factors appear to have an important impact on the construction of (in)active identities during late adolescence. Policy makers, exercise professionals and educators should be aware of these factors in order to improve health promotion strategies and social policies. Some recommendations are also indicated in the paper. 相似文献
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This study examined the associations of dispositional perfectionism, contextual motivation, sport-related coping, goal attainment, and changes in life satisfaction during a sport competition. A sample of 186 athletes completed measures of dispositional perfectionism, contextual motivation, and life satisfaction at Time 1 (before a competition) as well as measures of coping, goal attainment, and life satisfaction at Time 2 (after a competition). Results of structural equation modeling supported a model in which self-determined and non-self-determined motivation partially mediated the relationships between different dimensions of perfectionism and coping. It was also shown that disengagement-oriented coping mediated the negative relationship between evaluative concerns perfectionism and change in life satisfaction. In a similar way, goal attainment mediated the relationships of both task- and disengagement-oriented coping with change in life satisfaction. For the most part, these results are consistent with the motivational properties of evaluative concerns and personal standards perfectionism and with literature regarding coping and self-determination theory. 相似文献
8.
Regarding the phenomenon of mood improvements through physical exercise, secondary analyses indicate that improvements can hardly be generalised. Rather, personal and situational factors need to be taken into consideration in order to define the effects in a more precise manner. This contribution investigates to what extent explicit motives and goals of individuals in middle adulthood can be considered as personal moderators of mood changes. Five exercise programmes were developed in a quasi-experimental design and were conducted over a 3-month intervention period. These programmes were based on the “motive-based types of sportsperson” (Sudeck, Lehnert & Conzelmann, 2011), which define groups of individuals with similar motive and goal profiles. One hundred and thirty-three individuals participated in either a programme tailor-made to their motive and goal profile or in a non-tailored programme. The influence of this motive-based tailoring was investigated based on the mood dimensions of valence, calmness and positive activation using handheld PCs during and after exercise sessions. Results indicate a moderating influence of explicit motives and goals. This moderation was however not a general one but rather depended on the exercise programmes’ specific goals and content as well as on individuals’ goals regarding recreation. These findings point towards a systematic consideration of explicit motives and goals in the planning of health and leisure sport programmes. 相似文献
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Bray SR 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2007,78(2):61-70
The present study examined undergraduate students' physical activity during transition from high school to first-year university. Students' (N = 127) self-efficacy for coping with barriers to physical activity was investigated both as a predictor of physical activity and mediator of the relationship between pretransition and first-year physical activity. Physical activity was found to track moderately from pretransition to first year (rs = .58). Self-efficacy for coping with barriers predicted physical activity (R2adjusted = .18, p < .05) and partially mediated the relationship between pretransition and first-year physical activity. Results support an interpretation that future intervention efforts could target first-year students' self-efficacy for coping with barriers to help curb the decline in physical activity that occurs during the transition to university life. 相似文献
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Situational interest is the appealing effect of unique characteristics students recognize in a learning task during interaction with the task. It occurs when a learning task gives the learner a sense of novelty and challenge, demands high attention and exploration intention, and generates instant enjoyment during the person-task interaction. In this study, a repeated measure research design was used to examine the effects of task design on situational interest and the extent to which the effects were mediated by gender, grade, personal interest, and skill levels. Middle school students (N = 242) evaluated situational interest of four learning tasks with different cognitive and physical demands after having experienced the tasks in their physical education classes. Analyzed data showed that cognitive demand of a learning task played a critical role in generating situational interest. Grade levels, gender, and personal interest mediated the effects of task design on situational interest. But these mediation effects seemed rather limited. Physical skill levels had little influence on the effects of task design on situational interest. The findings seem to suggest that to enhance interestingness of a physical activity task, an option for physical educators may be to increase cognitive demand rather than reduce physical demand. 相似文献
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采用文献分析法,深入剖析后现代主义,探究知识管理及体育教师教学知识之间的关联性,理出体育教师后现代教学知识观的脉络图,后现代教学为学校体育课程改革提供了全新的审视视角,对继续深化体育课程改革与发展具有很好的启发与借鉴作用。本文综合归纳出高等院校教师后现代教学知识观主要包括以下几个方面:1)赋权增能的多元价值,2)竞合策略的学习要领,3)体育评价的典范转移,4)资讯媒体的虚拟运用,5)差异化的学生主体观,旨在推动体育教师个人的体育及运动知识转换为对学生、对学校有帮助的力量,以达成体育教育的目标。 相似文献
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The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic goals, and between goal pursuit for intrinsically and extrinsically motivated reasons, is a central premise of self-determination theory. Proponents of the theory have proposed that the pursuit of intrinsic goals and intrinsically motivated goal striving each predict adaptive psychological and behavioral outcomes relative to the pursuit of extrinsic goals and extrinsically motivated goal striving. Despite evidence to support these predictions, research has not explored whether individuals naturally differentiate between intrinsic and extrinsic goals. Two studies tested whether people make this differentiation when recalling goals for leisure-time physical activity. Using memory-recall methods, participants in Study 1 were asked to freely generate physical activity goals. A subsample (N = 43) was asked to code their freely generated goals as intrinsic or extrinsic. In Study 2, participants were asked to recall intrinsic and extrinsic goals after making a decision regarding their future physical activity. Results of these studies revealed that individuals' goal generation and recall exhibited significant clustering by goal type. Participants encountered some difficulties when explicitly coding goals. Findings support self-determination theory and indicate that individuals discriminate between intrinsic and extrinsic goals. 相似文献
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This study examined the relationships among social factors, individual differences, intrinsic motivation, and effort and persistence in the physical education context using cognitive evaluation theory as a framework. Female (n = 201) and male (n = 206) high school students completed measures of motivational climate, teaching style, perceived competence, self-determination, goal orientations, and intrinsic motivation. Teachers rated the students on effort and persistence in the class activities. Hypothesized relationships among the variables were tested using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that perceived competence and goal orientations directly predicted intrinsic motivation and mediated the effects of motivational climate and teaching style on intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation directly predicted effort and persistence. Task goal orientation mediated the effects of learning climate on perceived competence and self-determination. The strongest predictors of intrinsic motivation and effort and persistence were task goal orientation perceived competence, and learning climate. 相似文献
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This study examined how goal conflict influences the pattern of the moderating effects of intention stability on the intention-behavior relations in the context of physical activity participation. A longitudinal study of 136 young adult students with three waves of data collection (a 2-week interval between waves) was conducted. Results showed a significant three-way interaction among intention, goal conflict,& intention stability in explaining vigorous-intensity physical activity (Beta = -.25, p < .05). Consistent with our expectation, the pattern of the three-way interaction revealed that when the level of goal conflict was low, the intention-behavior relations were stronger with stable intentions and weaker with unstable intentions. However, when the level of goal conflict was high, the intention-behavior relations were weaker with stable intentions and stronger with unstable intentions. Possible underlying processes of goal conflict and intention stability on the intention-behavior relations are discussed. 相似文献
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Taliaferro LA Rienzo BA Miller MD Pigg RM Dodd VJ 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(3):328-339
Suicide ranks as the third leading cause of death for American youth. Researchers examining sport participation and suicidal behavior have regularly found inverse relationships. This study represents the first effort to test a model depicting potential mechanisms through which sport participation relates to reduced risk of suicidal ideation. The participants were 450 undergraduate students. Measures assessed participants' involvement in university-run sports and other activities; frequency of physical activity; and perceived social support, self-esteem, depression, hopelessness, loneliness, and suicidal ideation. Regression analyses confirmed a path model and tested for mediation effects. Vigorous activity mediated relationships between sport participation and self-esteem and depression; and self-esteem and depression mediated the relationship between vigorous activity and suicidal ideation. Social support mediated relationships between sport participation and depression, hopelessness, and loneliness; and each of these risk factors partially mediated the relationship between social support and suicidal ideation. However no variable fully mediated the relationship between sport participation and suicidal ideation. This study provides a foundation for research designed to examine pathways through which sport participation relates to reduced risk of suicidal behavior. 相似文献
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Steven R. Bray 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):61-70
The present study examined undergraduate students' physical activity during transition from high school to first-year university. Students' (N = 127) self-efficacy for coping with barriers to physical activity was investigated both as a predictor of physical activity and mediator of the relationship between pretransition and first-year physical activity. Physical activity was found to track moderately from pretransition to first year (r s = .58). Self-efficacy for coping with barriers predicted physical activity (R 2 adjusted = .18, p < .05) and partially mediated the relationship between pretransition and first-year physical activity. Results support an interpretation that future intervention efforts could target first-year students' self-efficacy for coping with barriers to help curb the decline in physical activity that occurs during the transition to university life. 相似文献
18.
通过问卷调查与访谈 ,对武警医学院部分学员的气质类型与体育选修课之间关系进行了研究。分析结果发现不同气质类型的学员在体育选修课的选项和学习效果等方面存在一定的差异 ,直接影响着学员学习的兴趣和动机。 相似文献
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随着社会进步,人类的平均寿命日益延长,老龄化问题已经凸显,关注老年人的生活质量是全世界需要面对的共同课题.认知功能作为老年人生活质量的重要预测因子之一,其与体力活动的关系已经成为锻炼心理学的热点研究领域之一.本文综述了体力活动对老年人认知功能影响及其机制的研究.在此基础上,提出该领域的后续研究还应深入探讨以下问题：（1）体力活动对老年人认知功能影响的剂量反应效应;（2）体力活动影响老年人认知功能的生理及心理机制.（3）其他练习形式对老年人认知功能的影响.（4）身体锻炼与其他形式的干预相结合的途径及效益. 相似文献
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在高校体育中,教师必须充分理解学生参加体育锻炼的动机,才能更好地实现学校体育的目标。因此,研究主要从大学生参加体育锻炼的动机(包括各种参加体育锻炼的原因)和成就目标取向的关系作调查研究。对412名不同专业一二年级的大学生,采用体育锻炼参与动机问卷调查(PMQ;Gilletal,1983),体育任务和自我取向问卷(TEOSQ;Duda&Whitehead,1996),对大学生体育锻炼的成就动机作评价。分析显示目标取向与个体动机模式(例如团队精神,技术提高等)相关,自我取向和不同的个体动机模式上存在显著联系(如社会地位和赏识)。结果表明,大学生参加体育锻炼的动机可以通过提高目标取向而提高。 相似文献