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1.
In his recent book, “The World is Flat”, Thomas L. Friedman reviews the impact of networks on globalization. The emergence of the Internet, web browsers, computer applications talking to each other through the Internet, and the open source software, among others, made the world flatter and created an opportunity for individuals to collaborate and compete globally. Friedman predicts that “connecting all the knowledge centers on the planet together into a single global network… could usher in an amazing era of prosperity and innovation”. Networking also is changing the ways by which libraries and museums provide access to information sources and services. In the flat world, libraries and museums are no longer a physical “place” only: they are becoming “virtual destinations”. This paper discusses the implications of this transformation for the digitization and preservation of, and access to, cultural heritage resources. 相似文献
2.
Abstract This paper presents some personal perceptions about “drivers of change,” which have impacted the role and nature of museums since the 1980s, leading to the rise of the visitor‐centered museum. Such changes mirror developments occurring in society. In the case of museums, a decline in public funding has occurred at a time when increased resources are required to enable museums to successfully compete for the visitor dollar in the expanding “experience economy.” The authors suggest that the role and nature of museums in the future will be shaped by their responses to many challenges, the most important being: how to increase visitor numbers without negatively impacting on visitor satisfaction; how to adjust policy and practice as museums approach the limits of visitor growth; how to start to reverse the trend of declining public funding by demonstrating museums’ value to society through the adoption of community‐centered policies and practice; and perhaps the most unpredictable, how museums will adjust their policies and practices in the face of possible climate change. 相似文献
3.
Chaim Noy 《Critical Studies in Media Communication》2016,33(4):308-323
The move from “old” to “new” media centrally involves a shift in participatory possibilities, through which individuals and communities differentially access and populate the public sphere, assume voice, and partake in open discussion and debate. This paper offers a rich ethnographic case study of new participatory media in the shape of commenting systems in museums. By portraying the similarities and the differences in communicative affordances between two museum media—traditional visitor books, on the one hand, and a digital and immersive interface, on the other hand—light is shed on how media invite and intervene in possibilities for public participation. Furthermore, with their emphasis on visual design and display, studying participatory public media in museums helps highlight the semiotic construction of the public sphere as such, and how the notion of the public and laypersons’ contributions are materially displayed. Analysis of communicative affordances reveals the politics of remediation, and supports recent hesitations with regard to the promise of newer and “smarter” media: digital media affords more interaction than their analogue predecessors, but participatory content-production via analogue media is found to be discursively richer on a number of grounds. 相似文献
4.
[目的 /意义]面对数字资源的智能化、可感知、沉浸式和可互动的未来趋势,三维实体、全景视频等新型资源形态成为记载和传播知识的重要形式。以往用户界面模型难以较好地支撑图博档等公共机构的互动情境式数字文化服务,公众需求和交互情境更迭呼唤沉浸体验、自然流畅的新型交互界面。[方法 /过程]通过对数字馆藏资源与服务、多模交互界面与体验的相关问题进行探讨,提出面向馆藏数字资源的多模交互界面模型;多模交互的信息交换过程须以人的信息加工能力为约束,通过给出多模交互的信息加工模型,剖析虚拟现实情境下馆藏资源的用户交互认知过程。立足面向馆藏资源的多模交互模型,基于“界面-认知-情境”递进逻辑,分析影响用户交互体验的关键因素。[结果 /结论 ]面向馆藏数字资源的多模交互界面模型应由交互模态、交互原语、交互任务三个关联递进的层级构成,以人为核心的多模交互可在多模感知、思维决策和交互执行等阶段增强人类的认知能力。沉浸流畅的用户交互体验取决于界面感知交互模态、心智模型匹配程度、交互情境沉浸维度等关键因素,可为多模交互设计、数字文化服务开展等提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Elaine Heumann Gurian 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1995,38(1):31-37
Our certainty about the definition of museums is disappearing and with it goes our assurance about where we are and what we are becoming. Observing visitors' use of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum could cause us to change our understanding about how people use and act in museums. Further boundaries are blurring as the native communities worldwide ask museum personnel to change their methods of collections care and alter rules of accessioned objects' use. Without acknowledging it, museum personnel are becoming more comfortable with reproductions and purposebuilt material. Technology is making us a “paperless” society. Our need for and understanding of “authenticity” is changing, and we no longer rely purely on our objects to define our work. Are we destroying museums, changing with the times, or creating some new and potentially more vibrant and useful institutions? Can a new realignment and new definition of our institutions help us to create a more civil society? Do we wish to continue on this road? 相似文献
6.
J. Trant 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1999,12(2):107-125
As networked informatio proliferates, museums are finding that their role as the sole interpreter of their collections is being challenged. Rather than responding defesively, museums need to work together to improve access to their collections, and to differentiate their sites from the private museums created by enthusiasts. Cross-linking at all levels will enable the creation of a trusted cultural heritage web, that enables users to follow themes and associations, free of the boundaries of historical collecting patterns. In this way, museums can offer a unique interpretation of authentic material culture to a generation comfortable in an immaterial world. 相似文献
7.
Jay Rounds 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2012,55(4):413-434
Abstract Currently dominant ideas about the social accountability of museums demand that museums produce “intended outcomes”: positive changes to visitors. Proponents commonly depict this process as a “logic model,” a tightly controlled sequence of events that moves from goal to intended outcome. A tightly coupled system obliges all elements to work toward a common goal. But studies in a variety of fields have shown that tightly coupled systems are achievable only under specific environmental conditions, which are not met within the network of relationships in which museums work. Instead, this article views the museum and its relationships as a loosely coupled system. Each element has its own purposes, and strives to maintain its own autonomy. Interests overlap, but are not identical. In the loosely coupled system, encounters generate a wide and unpredictable range of events. This approach offers advantages for the long‐term sustainability of museums. 相似文献
8.
目前,国外捆绑提供不同机构的合作数字化资料,正在向大型“文化遗产门户”方向推进,目的是尝试将图书馆、博物馆、档案馆等公共文化机构拥有的数字化资料公开。欧洲联盟（European Union：EU）在构筑跨越国界大型门户方面起步较早,并取得了很大的成功。文章对代表EU文化遗产门户的“Europeana”及其发展趋势进行了论述。 相似文献
9.
Colleen Cleary 《期刊图书馆员》2013,64(4):364-379
The advantages of bundling e-journals together into publisher collections include increased access to information for the subscribing institution's clients, purchasing cost-effectiveness, and streamlined workflows. Although cataloging a consortial e-journal collection has its advantages, there are also various pitfalls and the author outlines efforts by the CAUL (Council of Australian University Libraries) Consortium libraries to further streamline this process, working in conjunction with major publishers. Despite the advantages that publisher collections provide, pressures to unbundle existing packages continue to build, fueled by an ever-increasing selection of available electronic resources; decreases in, and competing demands on, library budgets; the impact of currency fluctuations; and poor usage for an alarmingly high proportion of collection titles. Consortial perspectives on bundling and unbundling titles are discussed, including options for managing the addition of new titles to the bundle and why customizing consortial collections currently does not work. Unbundling analyses carried out at Queensland University of Technology from 2006 to 2008, prior to the renewal of several major publisher collections, are presented as further case studies that illustrate why the “Big Deal” continues to persist. 相似文献
10.
博物馆消防安全工作至关重要,做好灭火救援准备工作是博物馆消防安全的最后一道防线。博物馆具有建筑规模大、展览设备多、展品藏品价值高、火灾危险性大等特点,在火灾救援方面有灭火作战指挥、参战力量协同、灭火药剂选择、展品藏品保护等难点问题。基于以上特点分析,本文提出火情侦查、营救人员、保护文物、阵地设置、战术选择、火场警戒等全流程的博物馆灭火救援建议,同时探讨日常调研演练、案例学习、战评复盘、实战训练、作战安全、文物保护等注意事项,旨在为博物馆灭火救援提供有价值的参考和指导,以保障博物馆的消防安全。 相似文献
11.
Research has highlighted the vast gulf that exists between experts' and novices' understandings of science, and how difficult it is to bridge this gulf. When this research is applied to the design of museum exhibits and outreach material, it becomes clear that there is a tension between being scientifically correct and communicating effectively to a broad, diverse audience. In this paper we present a new approach to thinking about science learning in museums. Drawing on decades of research from the learning sciences, we argue that being “wrong” is an inescapable part of learning, and that not all simplifications are problematic. Instead, being “wrong” involves the gradual restructuring of many fine‐grained intuitive or commonsense notions that persist throughout the learning process and play an essential role in scientific expertise. We discuss the implications of adopting this approach for museum design. 相似文献
12.
The New Information Poor: How Limited Access to Digital Scholarly Resources Impacts Higher Education
The “new” information poor are the individuals and communities who have computer and Internet connectivity, but cannot access scholarly information due to prohibitive costs. Pratt Institute's School of Information and Library Science (SILS) represents such a community and is the subject of this case study. Three measures were analyzed: SILS' four “core” classes were surveyed to determine how many required readings were available via the library; a survey was sent to 31 SILS instructors; and we conducted in-depth interviews with two SILS instructors. While “information poor,” the data suggest our respondents are resourceful in finding ways to cope with their disadvantage. 相似文献
13.
Peter Schirmbeck 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2006,49(1):37-44
Museums have the fine task of collecting and preserving history for future generations. By presenting the collections to the public, museums not only document different epochs but also try to look at them via new aspects, widening cultural understanding. In the Municipal Museum of Rüsselsheim, German industrial culture in the Rhine‐Main region is described and understood as a “route” that serves as a conceptual key identifying crucial architectural, historical and cultural resources of the region. In this cultural model, past, present and future are directly intertwined, and the invisible door between the world of museums and the “outside” world has vanished. 相似文献
14.
Martin R. Kalfatovic Effie Kapsalis Katherine P. Spiess Anne Van Camp Michael Edson 《Archival Science》2008,8(4):267-277
The Flickr Commons was created as a forum for institutions to share their rich photographic collections with the emerging
Web 2.0 audience of Flickr; the Smithsonian Institution was the fourth member of the Commons. The Smithsonian effort was a
direct collaborative effort of the libraries, archives, museums, and information technology staff that generated new pathways
for collaboration between these units. As the world’s largest museum complex, these Smithsonian units serve as a microcosm
for collaboration in the information age. The Flickr Commons project provided insights into how the knowledge, skills, and
abilities of libraries, archives, and museums (LAM) can converge in the Web 2.0 environment to provide collection access to
new, and in some cases unknown, audiences. Simultaneously, by putting “LAM” content into an environment that allows for direct
interaction by these audiences, the knowledge of the content for holding institutions is enriched. By exposing Smithsonian
content within the Flickr environment, the Institution is learning what content is desired by the Web 2.0 world, how to bring
crowd-sourcing into professionally curated collections, and how to bring diverse institutional skills together in a collaborative
project. 相似文献
15.
Volker Kirchberg 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2007,50(2):239-254
Abstract Sociologists have described “scenes” as voluntary social groupings or figurations that are “… thematically focused cultural networks of people who share certain material and/or cognitive forms of collective stylization,” according to Hitzler, Bucher, and Niederbacher (2001, 20). This terminology is quite useful for thinking about Stephen Weil's assertion that visitors play a role in shaping museums. Through “scenes,” we see how this might happen, and how visitors might already be exerting subtle pressure on the forms and contents of museums. The study of scenes could help us develop a tool that would offer a unique vision of the influences that visitors have on museums. 相似文献
16.
Paul F. Marty Author vitae 《Museum Management and Curatorship》2006,21(4):317-335
This paper presents results from 21 semi-structured interviews with museum information professionals who were asked about their experiences working with information resources, tools, and technologies in museums. The interviews were analyzed to develop an understanding of the information literacy skills of museum information professionals. This paper presents the results of this analysis, and discusses the state of information literacy in museums, and the increasing need for museum information professionals to possess information literacy skills. The results illustrate how information literacy is defined by information professionals in museums, and how perceptions of information literacy and its importance to museums have changed over time. 相似文献
17.
Polly Cancro 《期刊图书馆员》2016,71(1):57-62
The digitization of collections is often lauded not only for its preservation benefits but also for its social ones, as it can facilitate increased access to information. However, it is crucial to consider such developments within the context of differential access to and use of digital information and resources, an issue broadly known as the “digital divide.” More specifically, it is important to consider the possibility that such technological developments might exacerbate existing inequities. This article reviews the development of the concept of the digital divide, and considers its implications for library and information studies, institutions, and beyond. 相似文献
18.
Deborah Shorley 《New Review of Academic Librarianship》2013,19(1-2):115-120
By the end of the twentieth century higher education libraries across the United Kingdom were struggling to find room for their ever expanding collections. In 2007 the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) provided funding for the establishment of United Kingdom Research Reserve (UKRR) Phase One—a partnership between six university libraries and the British Library (BL). This project initiated a systematic approach to the deduplication of low use research material which was also already available in robust electronic form. Following the success of Phase One HEFCE has now made a grant of nearly £10m for Phase Two—a much more ambitious scheme open to all HE libraries working in partnership with the BL. This radical new approach to collection development represents the beginning of an important cultural change. It will see the replacement of the “just in case” model of information provision for UK researchers with a “just in time” model to release valuable space while safeguarding the national research information infrastructure. 相似文献
19.
Andrew Shouse Bruce V. Lewenstein Michael Feder Philip Bell 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2010,53(2):137-154
Abstract In this article, the editors of the recent National Research Council report Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits discuss the report’s implications for museum professionals. The report is a synthesis of some 2,000 studies and evaluations of learning in non‐school settings such as museums. Here we focus on three specific topics discussed in the full report, which we see as particularly important for museum professionals. These are: a framework for developing and studying science learning experiences; cultural diversity as an integral resource for learning; and assessment of learning. Many museums include “learning” among their goals and many researchers concern themselves with how museums and other settings can be organized to support learning. Yet this wealth of research is rarely brought into focus and offered as guidance to the museum community. 相似文献
20.
Ivor A. Williams 《Learned Publishing》1993,6(2):7-14
In the light of current developments in information technology, coupled with the pressure on library budgets and the increasing interest in document delivery systems as a alternative to purchasing journals (“just in time instead of just in case”?) this paper considers the need for some quantitative information as to how researchers in chemistry currently meet their needs for access to material of interest to them. 相似文献