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1.
本文介绍遗传算法的相关概念─染色体。适应值函数、复制算子、杂交算子和变异算子,给出算法描述和数值例子;同时给出遗传算法的模式定理和收敛性定理;最后,讨论遗传算法的特点和应用前景． 相似文献
2.
扼要介绍模式定理,提出一种新的适应值赋值方法.借助该适应值赋值方法,分析了模式定理与交叉概率Pc、变异概率Pm的关系,推导出模式定理成立的参数条件为：√pc＋√pm＜1. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of the present study was to measure the degree of interdependence in timing (a) between infants' right and left arm movements, and (b) between movements of both arms and the onsets of stressed vowels in tape-recorded infant-appropriate speech. Based on previous work concerning closely related phenomena, we hypothesized that both forms of interdependence should be present to a high degree, even very early in infancy. Movements of 2 male and 4 female infants were analyzed at 2 and 10 weeks of age. Videotaping was conducted under 3 conditions: (a) quiet, (b) mother-infant interaction, and (c) presentation of a repeating tape loop containing natural sounding, infant-appropriate speech. Movement events were analyzed using a method of computer-aided 3-dimensional cinematography. A computer algorithm located change-in-direction movement events based on the 3-D coordinates. Lag sequential analysis was used to test for temporal interdependence. No evidence was found for interdependence between right and left arm movements, or between speech events and arm movements. The present findings have important implications for our understanding of early coordination and the regulation of mother-infant interaction. The utility of the movement-scoring methodology is also discussed in terms of its potential application to the study of early coordination development. 相似文献
4.
Schemata are abstract structures that represent what one holds to be generally true about the world. What people know exists in schemata hierarchies and this prior knowledge is activated when they encounter new information. Schema theory asserts that reading is an interactive process between the text and the reader. Such interaction involves the readers’ prior knowledge of schemata and the actual information in the text. Only be constructing appropriate and meaningful schemata, can readers comprehend the text. 相似文献
5.
高翼 《贵州教育学院学报》2009,25(7):69-72
图式理论认为,人们在理解新事物时,需要将新事物与背景知识联系起来,人们对新事物的理解和解释取决于头脑中已存在的图式,读者对语篇的理解是他们的语言知识和图式相互作用的结果。图式能促进读者的认知能力,也能影响读者的理解。不同的图式模式对语篇有不同的理解,读者能通过阅读扩大和修正已有的图式模式。 相似文献
6.
Marsha Bensoussan 《Journal of Research in Reading》1998,21(3):213-227
Schemata are known to play an important a role in reading comprehension. Comprehension is seen as the interaction between top-down processing from activated schemata and bottom-up processing from concepts expressed by the text. If readers activate an inappropriate schema, they may miss the meaning of the text. The present study examines the effects of faulty schemata on reading comprehension. At the end of an advanced English reading course at Haifa University, a test of reading comprehension was administered to 125 students. One section of the test contained an advanced level text about love and marriage, a text close to the personal experience of the examinees. Using dictionaries, students translated expressions and sentences and answered short-answer comprehension questions in English. Results indicated that 23% of the wrong answers to the comprehension questions were driven by schemata which differed substantially from the actual content of the text. 相似文献
7.
黄伟业 《通化师范学院学报》2010,31(8):58-59,65
采用文献资料、访问调查、比较、数理统计等方法,对2000名不同阶层的民众健身锻炼行为进行调查比较研究.研究认为：健身锻炼的动机呈现出以强身健体为主导因素和其他因素的多样化.固定收入较高的社会阶层参加体育社团的程度较高;无固定收入和经商阶层参加有组织健身锻炼的比例较低.健身项目呈现单一化和少经济型特点,经济因素对健身项目和场所的选择起着决定作用.调查对象普遍存在科学意识不强,定期进行体质监测程度不够,控制健身运动量的科学化程度不高.实物消费仍是健身消费的主要形式,羽毛球、健美、乒乓球、网球是当前主要的健身场地费用支出项目. 相似文献
8.
图式理论与英语听力能力的培养 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
听力理解过程是背景知识或图式与输入信息相互作用的心理过程。而图式理论中的语言图示与内容图式恰恰与听力理解过程的自下而上与自上而下两种信息处理方式相合。这两种信息处理方式的有机结合有助于听者完成听力中由具体到抽象再到具体的听解过程。所以,将图式理论应用到听力理解过程必将有效地提高学生的听力水平,并培养其逻辑推理能力。 相似文献
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10.
阅读,被认为是语言输入的最便捷、最有效的途径。阅读材料(文本)、读者及二者间的交互作用是阅读过程的三大因素。对阅读过程本质的认识对英语阅读教学产生直接而深刻的影响。图式理论的发展为阅读过程本质的探讨提供了全新的视角,丰富了英语阅读教学的理论体系。该文在介绍传统阅读模式的基础引出图式理论,探讨阅读前活动中相关图式的激活或创建的可行性操作模式,并对基于图式理论的阅读教学提出进一步的建议。 相似文献
11.
阅读能力依赖语言知识和世界知识的有效互动。外语学习者倾向于运用母语文化的心理图式填充文本空隙。在阅读中用母语文化背景知识填充目标语文本空隙,会造成对文本的误读。本文研究了心理图式在填充文本空隙和逻辑推理中的作用,用归纳推理的方法论证了建构目标语心理图式提高阅读能力的可行性,提出建构目标语文化心理图式的策略。 相似文献
12.
As the idea of simulated annealing （SA） is introduced into the fitness function, an improved genetic algorithm （GA） is proposed to perform the optimal design of a pressure vessel which aims to attain the minimum weight under burst pressure constraint. The actual burst pressure is calculated using the arc-length and restart analysis in finite element analysis （FEA）. A penalty function in the fitness function is proposed to deal with the constrained problem. The effects of the population size and the number of generations in the GA on the weight and burst pressure of the vessel are explored. The optimization results using the proposed GA are also compared with those using the simple GA and the conventional Monte Carlo method. 相似文献
13.
Patt Dodds 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2013,65(2):201-206
The author argues in a personalized statement that exercise science graduate degree programs ought to include attention to the questions of how people develop and maintain persistent exercise habits, and how health fitness professionals can help them do so. Recommendations are made for two-tiered graduate preparation in exercise science: master's degrees that focus on preparation of health fitness professionals trained in human interaction skills as well as exercise physiological bases for conducting fitness programs, and doctoral degrees that continue to focus on preparation of researchers and faculty members trained to expand the knowledge base in exercise physiology and to prepare both the new master's and doctoral candidates though graduate education programs. 相似文献
14.
Intuitions and Schemata in Mathematical Reasoning 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Efraim Fischbein† 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1999,38(1-3):11-50
The present paper is an attampt to analyze the relationship between intuitions and structural schemata. Intuitions are defined as cognitions which appear subjectively to be self-evident, immediate, certain, global, coercive. Structural schemata are behavioral-mental devices which make possible the assimilation and interpretation of information and the adequate reactions to various stimuli. Structural schemata are characterized by their general relevance for the adaptive behavior. The main thesis of the paper is that intuitions are generally based on structural schemata. The transition from schemata to intuitions is achieved by a particular process of compression described in the paper.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Concha Furnborough 《Distance Education》2012,33(1):99-116
Autonomy in language learning does not simply equate with independence, as language learning is a social activity that requires interaction with others. This also applies just as much to distance language learners, who need to reconcile independent language learning and interdependence with others. This article draws on findings from 43 mid-course interviews with adult beginner distance learners of French, Spanish, and German, and focuses on ways in which they engage with tutors and with other students, and the extent to which these interactions enhance their learning. It shows that many students are prepared to seek clarification from their tutors, but not strategic advice in areas of learning that are likely to be most problematic. It also highlights how feelings about working with other students can enhance or restrict progress toward autonomous interdependence. Finally, it considers ways for facilitating greater learner control in these key aspects of their studies. 相似文献
16.
佟晓梅 《牡丹江教育学院学报》2006,(2):78-79
本文主要论述如何将广泛运用于阅读理解研究的“图式理论”用来指导翻译研究。教师在教学中要引导学生根据篇章信息度的高低有效调整解读技巧,同时运用自下而上和自上而下的策略进行篇章解码,并引导学生根据自己构思图式中的背景知识,学会分解难度,激活学生的已有图式,达到较为理想的教学效果。 相似文献
17.
再论文学翻译选词择义之依据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
认知语言学对文学翻译选词择义的影响主要在于认知体验性和语义范畴家族相似性。译者通过对文本的体验产生整体意象图式,原文译文词语的相似性程度如何取决于原文译文读者各自的整体意象图式是否对等;译者选词择义的主要依据是语义家族典型成员与非典型成员之间的相似性,这种相似性只有通过原文读者和译文读者的整体意象图式的相比较才能体现它的合理性和可能性。 相似文献
18.
Comparative mapping of QTLs for Al tolerance in rice and identification of positional Al-induced genes 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
INTRODUCTION Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the mostimportant yield-limiting factors for crop grown onacid upland and lowland acid sulphate soils (IRRI,1978). Al toxicity results in a reduced and damagedroot system, which in turn causes the affectedplants to be susceptible to drought stress and min-eral nutrient deficiencies (Foy, 1988). The physio-logical and biochemical mechanisms of the toxiceffect of Al on root elongation had been extensivelyinvestigated (Matsumoto, 2000). T… 相似文献
19.
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the major factor limiting crop productivity in acid soils. In this study, a recombinant inbreed line (RIL) population derived from a cross between an A1 sensitive lowland indica rice variety IR1552 and an Al tolerant upland japonica rice variety Azucena, was used for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for A1 tolerance. Three QTLs for relative root length (RRL) were detected on chromosome 1, 9, 12, respectively, and I QTL for root length under Al stress is identical on chromosome I after one week and two weeks stress. Comparison of QTLs on chromosome 1 from different studies indicated an identical interval between C86 and RZ801 with gene(s) for Al tolerance. This interval provides an important start point for isolating genes responsible for A1 tolerance and understanding the genetic nature of Al tolerance in rice. Four Al induced ESTs located in this interval were screened by reverse Northern analysis and confirmed by Northern analysis. They would be candidate genes for the QTL. 相似文献
20.
The problem that inspired the present research refers to the relationships between schemata and intuitions. These two mental categories share a number of common properties: ontogenetic stability, adaptive flexibility, internal consistency, coerciveness and generality. Schemata are defined following the Piagetian line of thought, either as programs for processing and interpreting information or as programs for designing and performing adaptive reactions. Intuitions are defined in the present article as global, immediate cognitions. On the basis of previous findings (Fischbein et al., 1996; Siegler, 1979; Wilkening, 1980; Wilkening & Anderson, 1982), our main hypothesis was that intuitions are always based on certain structural schemata. In the present research this hypothesis was checked with regard to combinatorial problems (permutations, arrangements with and without replacement, combinations). It was found that intuitions, even when expressed as instantaneous guesses, are; in fact, manipulated'behind the scenes' (correctly or incorrectly) by schemata. This implies that, in order to influence, didactically, students' intuitions, those schemata on which these intuitions are based should be identified and acted upon. 相似文献