首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
The calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) [cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac)] are currently the most widely prescribed drugs for maintenance of immunosuppression after renal transplantation. These immunosuppressants are associated with side effects such as hyperlipidemia. We evaluated the differential effects of different CNIs on serum lipid parameters in renal transplant patients. Moreover, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between doses and blood levels of CNIs, and blood levels of CNIs and lipid parameters retrospectively. Two groups of 98 non-diabetic renal transplant patients, each treated with different CNIs, were studied: group A (n = 50, mean age: 31 ± 10 years), CsA, mycophenolate mofetil/azathioprin, steroid; group B (I = 48, mean age: 34 ± 12 years), Tac, mycophenolate mofetil/azathioprin, steroid. In renal transplant patients, CNIs blood levels and doses were examined at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplantation. Biochemical laboratory parameters including plasma lipids [total-cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)–CHOL, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–CHOL, and triglycerides (TG)], CNI levels and doses were examined at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after transplantation. None of the patients received anti-lipidemic drugs during the study period. Blood levels of CNIs were detectable in all whole-blood samples by Cloned- Enzyme-Donor Immunoassay (CEDIA). The relationship between CNIs blood levels and CHOL, (LDL)–CHOL, HDL–CHOL, TG were evaluated. The mean serum CHOL levels and LDL–CHOL levels of patients in group A were found significantly higher than the patients in group B during the 12 month of follow up (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in TG and HDL–CHOL plasma levels between group A and group B (p > 0.005). In group A the daily dose of CsA was significantly correlated with the mean blood levels of CsA at the 1st and 3rd months (r = 0.387, p = 0.005; r = 0.386, p = 0.006), respectively. In group A, the daily dose of CsA was significantly correlated with the mean serum TG levels during the 12 month of follow up (r = 0.420, p = 0.003). In group B, the daily dose of Tac was significantly correlated with the mean blood level of Tac (r = 0.335, p = 0.020) at the 1st month. No correlation was found between mean Tac blood levels and lipid parameters during the 12-month of follow up (p > 0.05). Significant positive correlation was observed between the CsA blood levels and LDL–CHOL levels (r = 0.338, p = 0.027) at the 3rd month. In the renal transplant patients with well functioning grafts, CsA therapy is associated with increased CHOL and LDL–CHOL ratio which represents an increased atherogenic risk tended to be associated with CsA. Serum LDL–CHOL levels may be effected by blood CsA levels.  相似文献   

2.
Analyses of body fluids in clinical chemistry laboratory are subject to a number of interferences that affect the analytical accuracy. The interferents arise from exogenous sources like drugs and additives as well as such endogenous sources like lipemia, hemolysis and icteria. Our studies demonstrate matrix interference in the form of analytical blas between serum and aqueous matrix calibrators. The clinical chemist should constantly be aware of this factor. Correction of interferences is recommended as an integral part of the quality assurance program.  相似文献   

3.
Laboratory data illustrative of preanalytical errors such as the effect of improper storage of sample, the type and concentration of anticoagulant used for specimen collection, the lability of an improperly preserved sample, and the effect of infusion are presented. Strategies to detect preanalytical errors by delta checks are illustrated. Physiological variables such as the effect of age, sex, diet, smoking, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and specimen collection variables such as posture, duration of tourniquet application, diurnal effects and exercise introducing preanalytical error are discussed. The types of post analytical errors ranging from improper entry of data to errors in strategies used for the interpretation of laboratory data are also highlighted.  相似文献   

4.
程刚  单江  张勇  陈珊 《科技通报》2002,18(2):118-121
目的：分析冠心病患者和正常人血脂水平与心率变异频域指标及自主神经活动的关系。方法：对71例确诊的冠心病患者和96例正常人行24h动态心电图并采空腹血查血脂，分别比较两类人群中高胆固醇血症组与正常胆固醇组心率变异频域指标VLF、LF、HF、LF／HF的差异，并用多元逐步回归分析血脂各值与心率变异的相关性。结果：高胆固醇血症组与正常胆固醇组相比，冠心病患者中HF值显著降低（P＜0．05），而LF／HF值显著增高（P＜0．01）；正常人亦有高胆固醇血症组HF值较低而F/HF值较高的趋势，但无统计学差异。多元逐步回归分析中，冠心病患者HF与TC呈负相关，LF／HF则与TC、LDL呈正相关；正常人中LF／HF亦与TC呈正相关。结论：冠心病患者和正常人中血脂水平均与心率变异及自主神经活动存在一定的相关性。胆固醇增高者交感与迷走神经平衡性失调，交感神经活性相对较高而迷走神经活性相对较低。  相似文献   

5.
This systematic review presents the latest trends in salivary research and its applications in health and disease. Among the large number of analytes present in saliva, many are affected by diverse physiological and pathological conditions. Further, the non-invasive, easy and cost-effective collection methods prompt an interest in evaluating its diagnostic or prognostic utility. Accumulating data over the past two decades indicates towards the possible utility of saliva to monitor overall health, diagnose and treat various oral or systemic disorders and drug monitoring. Advances in saliva based systems biology has also contributed towards identification of several biomarkers, development of diverse salivary diagnostic kits and other sensitive analytical techniques. However, its utilization should be carefully evaluated in relation to standardization of pre-analytical and analytical variables, such as collection and storage methods, analyte circadian variation, sample recovery, prevention of sample contamination and analytical procedures. In spite of all these challenges, there is an escalating evolution of knowledge with the use of this biological matrix.Key words: saliva, non-invasive, biological markers, drug monitoring, oral health  相似文献   

6.
朱侯  张明鑫 《情报科学》2021,39(7):54-62
【目的/意义】在APP隐私泄露问题日趋严峻的环境下,移动应用提供的隐私设置功能为用户保护自身的隐 私信息提供了一种重要的途径,了解哪些因素会影响以及如何影响移动应用APP用户的隐私设置行为,有利于加 强用户个人隐私保护和改进隐私设置功能。【方法/过程】本研究基于保护动机理论与社会认知理论的基本思想,提 出七个条件变量并采用问卷调查法搜集数据,然后使用模糊集定性比较分析法对条件变量与用户隐私设置行为结 果变量之间的多元因果路径进行分析。【结果/结论】用户主体因素（感知风险、感知隐私控制、隐私关注和行为效 益）是用户隐私设置行为产生的必要条件;同时,用户隐私设置行为的条件组合路径包括了政策保障缺失型和隐私 泄露负面经历驱动型等五条不同路径。【创新/局限】研究问题和研究思路具有一定创新性,例如关注移动APP用户 隐私信息设置行为及其多元因果路径关系,但是也存在着研究变量数量较少,样本抽样方法值得改进等不足。  相似文献   

7.
张洪辉  王宗军 《软科学》2009,23(10):83-86
基于GHM框架出发,建立了经理私人成本与企业创新投资契约模型,同时考虑一些外生变量,如经理风险厌恶程度、创新项目风险等对企业创新投资的影响。结论是:当创新投资对经理存在私人成本时,经理往往存在投资不足倾向。  相似文献   

8.
选取学会数、学术交流活动和专利授权数三个相关变量,以1998-2012年的科协活动和专利授权统计数据为基础,应用向量自回归方法分析学会发展对创新的影响。结果表明,学会数和学术交流活动是影响专利授权数的显著因素;学会数和学术交流活动对专利授权数具有正向促进效应;学术交流活动对专利授权数的促进效应及其变动的贡献程度均大于学会数的贡献率。最后,提出大力发展学会事业,积极发挥学会在构建国家创新体系中的支柱作用;提高学术交流活动质量,增强学会的创新驱动效应;加强学会承担政府转移职能的能力,拓展新的创新驱动路径的对策建议。  相似文献   

9.
The concentration of several biochemical and hematological biomarkers is strongly influenced by a number of preanalytical variables. Several lines of evidence attest that short, middle, and long-term exercise, as well as the relative intensity of physical effort (from mild to strenuous), may influence a broad array of laboratory variables. The amount of extracellular release and clearance from blood of most of these biomarkers is markedly influenced by the biological characteristics of the molecule(s), level of training, type, intensity and duration of exercise, and time of recovery after training. It is hence noteworthy that test results that fall outside the conventional reference ranges in athletes not only may reflect the presence of a given disease, but may frequently mirror an adaptation to regular training or changes that have occurred during and/or following strenuous exercise, and which should be clearly acknowledged to prevent misinterpretation of laboratory data. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update about the most significant changes of some biochemical and hematological biomarkers in response to physical exercise, for appropriate interpretation of these changes in the context of physically active subjects.  相似文献   

10.
Objective: Fetus with intrauterine stress may exhibit programmed changes that can alter its metabolism and bear severe risk for diseases in adult life. The current study was designed to assess the correlation between cord blood lipid profile with the anthropometric data in neonates. Materials and methods: 146 newborn babies born at Dr. T M A Pai Hospital, Udupi were screened and their birth weight, length, head circumference and abdominal circumference were noted at birth. Umbilical cord blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL). Infants were also grouped further based on gestational age (GA) and sex-adjusted birth weight percentiles into three groups i.e. Small for gestational age (SGA), Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and Large for gestational age (LGA) for comparison of their lipid profiles. Inclusion criteria were normal fetal heart rate at birth and an APGAR score >7. Statistical significance of relation between lipid profile and anthropometry was done using ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: Triglycerides were significantly higher in babies with higher ponderal index (PI) than those with lower PI (P = 0.011). The TG level of SGA babies were significantly higher as compared to AGA group (P = 0.001). The LDL levels in neonates with higher abdominal circumference were significantly lower than those with lower AC (P = 0.019). Mean HDL levels were higher in neonates with larger AC, but not statistically significant. Maternal BMI had no influence on neonates’ lipid profile. Conclusion: Abnormal intrauterine milieu created by maternal changes during gestation may bear a profound impact on lipid metabolism in neonates, which may account for their differences in lipid profile and anthropometry at birth.  相似文献   

11.
The process of transfer of technology across national boundaries has been the subject of increasing theorizing and case studies, but little in-depth research. The framework utilized by the Program of Research on the Management of Research and Development at Northwestern University for doing such research is presented. Methodological problems and some alternatives are presented in the development of a theoretical model considering a number of variables acting at various stages of the transfer process. A case study of technology transfer from a US firm to a German firm serves as a pilot test of the model as well as being of interest and providing empirical data in its own right.  相似文献   

12.
There have been many previous studies exploring the relationship between R&D performance and firm size; however, to our knowledge, this issue has never been examined in terms of R&D output elasticity. This paper therefore sets out to re-examine the relationship of the two variables using R&D output elasticity as a measure of R&D performance. A total of 126 manufacturing firms, listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period from 1994 to 2000, are taken as the analytical sample. One practical consideration for choosing these particular firms is the relative abundance of data available for the variables for a longitudinal investigation. The estimates suggest that there is an approximating ‘U-type’ relationship between R&D productivity and firm size. This finding suggests that both large and small firms have higher R&D productivity, and even when the sample is divided into the high-tech and traditional sectors, such a finding still holds. Therefore, in contrast to the prior studies, this study shows that size offers advantage in R&D performance.  相似文献   

13.
In the clinical laboratory setting, interferences can be a significant source of laboratory errors with potential to cause serious harm for the patient. After hemolysis, lipemia is the most frequent endogenous interference that can influence results of various laboratory methods by several mechanisms. The most common preanalytical cause of lipemic samples is inadequate time of blood sampling after the meal or parenteral administration of synthetic lipid emulsions. Although the best way of detecting the degree of lipemia is measuring lipemic index on analytical platforms, laboratory experts should be aware of its problems, like false positive results and lack of standardization between manufacturers. Unlike for other interferences, lipemia can be removed and measurement can be done in a clear sample. However, a protocol for removing lipids from the sample has to be chosen carefully, since it is dependent on the analytes that have to be determined. Investigation of lipemia interference is an obligation of manufacturers of laboratory reagents; however, several literature findings report lack of verification of the declared data. Moreover, the acceptance criteria currently used by the most manufacturers are not based on biological variation and need to be revised. Written procedures for detection of lipemia, removing lipemia interference and reporting results from lipemic samples should be available to laboratory staff in order to standardize the procedure, reduce errors and increase patient safety.  相似文献   

14.
 采用以元研究为主的方法对不确定环境下不连续创新和创业企业绩效相关的研究现状进行了文献综述。根据收集的35份实证研究样本的统计数据识别了环境因素、创新战略、企业能力等影响创新或创业绩效的关键因素,表明现有研究中创业绩效的环境因素应考察组织与资源不确定性,并加强对不连续创新的结构与测度的研究,对创业绩效应增加客观性变量以提高测量准确性。辨明了下一步研究的关键问题及其研究脉络,提出了在不确定性条件下科技创业企业面向不连续创新的成长路径与机理研究框架。  相似文献   

15.
Gamification on the mobile platform through the concept of online games has the potential to create unprecedented engagement with customers. With the growth in the gamification market due to the increase in internet penetration and the number of mobile devices, it has become one of the potential channels to reach and influence young consumers who spend more time on gaming. There is a shortage of empirical evidence on the impact of gamification on online consumer decisions. This study uses ‘psychological ownership theory’ and ‘schema theory’ to examine the effects of gameful experience (GFUL) on the attitudes of online gamers (N = 326). Data were analyzed using AMOS 25 and Process Macro for SPSS. The analytical results indicated that GFUL is mediated through both the intervening variables (perceived in-game advertisement effectiveness and psychological ownership), which positively influence gamers’ attitudes towards the game and in-game advertising. Further, the study investigated the impact of in-game advertisement intrusiveness. Based on the research findings, this study proposed the theoretical and managerial implications.  相似文献   

16.
运用强制许可威慑开展降价谈判是获取抗疫特效药的一种重要方式,然而各国的实践结果却存在明显差异,强制许可在哪些情况下能够发挥积极作用尚不清晰。新冠肺炎等短期突发疫情全球爆发背景下,疫情类型变得更加复杂、药品需求主体拓展,本文突破已有研究针对发展中国家抗击长期疫情的思路,探讨强制许可在不同情境中发挥的异质性作用。通过对美国和巴西运用强制许可获取特效药的案例进行分析,区分长短期疫情特征,以及发展中与发达国家运用强制许可面临的挑战,本文提炼出了不同情境下影响强制许可威慑有效性的七项重要因素。其中,本国制药水平、进口仿制药的可能性是强制许可发挥威慑作用的基础,运用强制许可威慑次数和其他国家运用强制许可分别作用于长、短期疫情,本国制药行业和经贸部门的反对影响发达国家的决策,原研药企业与所在国的经济报复则会削弱发展中国家强制许可的威慑效果。基于以上结论,本文为发达国家和发展中国家应对短期和长期疫情提供了针对性建议。  相似文献   

17.
Auto-Regressive-Moving-Average with eXogenous input (ARMAX) models play an important role in control engineering for describing practical systems. However, ARMAX models can be non-realistic in many practical contexts because they do not consider the measurement errors on the output of the process. Due to the auto-regressive nature of ARMAX processes, a measurement error may affect multiple data entries, making the estimation problem very challenging. This problem can be solved by enhancing the ARMAX model with additive error terms on the output, and this paper develops a moving horizon estimator for such an extended ARMAX model. In the proposed method, measurement errors are modeled as nuisance variables and estimated simultaneously with the states. Identifiability was achieved by regularizing the least-squares cost with the ?2-norm of the nuisance variables, which leads to an optimization problem that has an analytical solution. For the proposed estimator, convergence results are established and unbiasedness properties are also proved. Insights on how to select the tuning parameter in the cost function are provided. Because of the explicit modeling of output noise, the impact of a measurement error on multiple data entries can be estimated and reduced. Examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimator in dealing with additive output noise as well as outliers.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper, we introduce a new architecture of genetic algorithms (GA)-based self-organizing polynomial neural networks (SOPNN) and discuss a comprehensive design methodology. Let us recall that the design of the “conventional” PNNs uses an extended group method of data handling (GMDH) and exploits polynomials (such as linear, quadratic, and modified quadratic functions) as well as considers a fixed number of input nodes (as being selected in advance by a network designer) at polynomial neurons (or nodes) located in each layer. The proposed GA-based SOPNN gives rise to a structurally optimized structure and comes with a substantial level of flexibility in comparison to the one we encounter in conventional PNNs. The design procedure applied in the construction of each layer of a PNN deals with its structural optimization involving the selection of preferred nodes (or PNs) with specific local characteristics (such as the number of input variables, the order of the polynomial, and a collection of the specific subset of input variables) and addresses specific aspects of parametric optimization. An aggregate performance index with a weighting factor is proposed in order to achieve a sound balance between approximation and generalization (predictive) abilities of the network. To evaluate the performance of the GA-based SOPNN, the model is experimented with using chaotic time series data. A comparative analysis reveals that the proposed GA-based SOPNN exhibits higher accuracy and superb predictive capability in comparison to some previous models available in the literature.  相似文献   

19.
为把握全球水下潜器领域的研发前沿、国家布局及其未来研发方向,基于水下潜器领域SCI论文和发明专利数据,采用引文网络和专利地图方法,通过定义引文网络中的高被引论文、高频词、高被引新词以及专利地图中的重要专利、高频概念词等指标,综合专家意见,对水下潜器领域基础研究前沿和技术开发前沿进行识别;同时,基于引文网络中的论文总被引次数和重要专利总被引次数,对比分析主要国家在水下潜器领域的研发布局。结果显示：全球水下潜器领域研发处于活跃状态,其中无人自治式潜水器（AUV）方向一直保持较高的热度,相关研究起步早且发文体量大、增速最快;无人潜器应用研究方面的文献被引用量高、参与单位多、发表期刊水平高;AUV布放回收、通用技术、载荷以及无人遥控潜水器在油气业的应用等方向影响力最大;中国相关研发活跃、产出丰富,但缺乏相关技术的理论研究,产品市场竞争力较弱。  相似文献   

20.
A distinguishable feature of type 2 diabetes besides hyperglycemia and deranged lipid profile is an impaired insulin secretion, peripheral insulin resistance and obesity which has become a major health concern worldwide. India with an estimated 31million diabetics in 2000 and 79mllions by the yr 2030 has the highest number of type 2 diabetics in the world. In this study, we aimed to see if yoga-asanas and pranayamas have any influence in modifying certain biochemical parameters. Sixty patients of uncomplicated type 2 diabetes (age 35–60 yrs of 1–10 yrs duration) were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=30): performed yoga along with the conventional hypoglycemic medicines and group 2 (n=30): patients who only received conventional medicines. Duration of the study was 45 days. Basal recordings of blood glucose (fasting and post-prandial), lipid profile and serum insulin were taken at the time of recruitment and the second reading after forty five days. Results showed a significant improvement in all the biochemical parameters in group 1 while group 2 showed significant improvement in only few parameters, thus suggesting a beneficial effect of yoga regimen on these parameters in diabetic patients.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号