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This article examines formative interventions as we understand them in cultural-historical activity theory and reflects on key differences between this intervention research tradition and design-based research as it is conceived in the learning sciences tradition. Three projects, including 2 Change Laboratories, are analyzed with the help of conceptual lenses derived from basic epistemological principles for intervention research in activity theory. In all 3 interventions, learners expansively transformed the object of their activity. The Change Laboratory cases, however, show that this learning process included productive deviations from the researchers’ instructional intentions, leading to significant outcomes, both practical and theoretical, that were not anticipated by the interventionists. Together these cases illustrate that an activity-theoretical formative intervention approach differs from design-based research in the following ways: (a) formative interventions are based on design done by the learners; (b) the collective design effort is seen as part of an expansive learning process including participatory analyses and implementation phases; (c) rather than aiming at transferable and scalable solutions, formative interventions aim at generative solutions developing over lengthy periods of time both in the researched activities and in the research community. 相似文献
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The theory of Expansive learning and the change laboratory (CL) methodology has been developed and applied in many studies on workplace learning and educational change. There are fewer studies made on small-scale interventions, exploring the longitudinal development of expansive learning in an educational change effort. This article examines a CL intervention performed in an upper secondary school in Sweden, with a small group of teachers engaged in a participatory design project. By identifying and analysing the relationship of the seven learning actions posited by the theory of expansive learning, the aim was to contribute to the discussion of the CL methodology and the empirical usability of the theory. The results showed that the seven expansive learning actions functioned as analytical tools to map the teachers learning and development, but the analysis also showed many deviations, disruptions and occurrence of practical actions of design in the process. This challenge the notions of cyclicity and ascension in the theory of expansive learning. Cyclicity might be desirable but not necessary for expansive learning which questions the need to first grasp the problem at a conceptual level before generating concrete solutions. The Findings in this study suggests the opposite; that the entanglement and parallel movement between the abstract and the concrete was a driving force for the teachers expansive learning and the design of new curricular units.
相似文献3.
Sylvie Barma Thérèse Laferrière Bruno Lemieux Julie Massé-Morneau Marie-Caroline Vincent 《Journal of Education & Work》2017,30(6):669-687
This formative intervention documents the emergence of a hybrid activity aiming at student engagement and academic achievement. In this context-bound study, early stages of this activity consisted in establishing PénArt meant to enable high school students with difficulties to start up their own business at school. It involved reaching agreements between a high school and a youth centre so that high school students engage in the production and selling of their branded t-shirt. At the frontiers of their respective activity system, students, youth workers, special education teachers and members of the school board took actions to cross boundaries and redefine their interrelations. Cultural historical activity theory was fruitful to document the development of a new object-oriented activity. Tensions and contradictions revelaled to be the key moments in the emergence of the hybrid activity. Expansive learning led us to understand that, in a conflicting situation, a collective’s agentive actions create an expansive form of learning and leads to a successful entrepreneurship experience. Change laboratory capacity to foster change for cooperative education in Quebec was successful. The students enrolled in a regional entrepreneurship contest and won it. That was a significant event for students with low self-esteem linked with their performance at school. 相似文献
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Rainer Wackermann Georg Trendel Hans E. Fischer 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(7):963-985
The background of the study is the theory of basis models of teaching and learning, a comprehensive set of models of learning processes which includes, for example, learning through experience and problem‐solving. The combined use of different models of learning processes has not been fully investigated and it is frequently not clear under what circumstances a particular model should be used by teachers. In contrast, the theory under investigation here gives guidelines for choosing a particular model and provides instructional sequences for each model. The aim is to investigate the implementation of the theory applied to physics instruction and to show if possible effects for the students may be attributed to the use of the theory. Therefore, a theory‐oriented education programme for 18 physics teachers was developed and implemented in the 2005/06 school year. The main features of the intervention consisted of coaching physics lessons and video analysis according to the theory. The study follows a pre‐treatment‐post design with non‐equivalent control group. Findings of repeated‐measures ANOVAs show large effects for teachers' subjective beliefs, large effects for classroom actions, and small to medium effects for student outcomes such as perceived instructional quality and student emotions. The teachers/classes that applied the theory especially well according to video analysis showed the larger effects. The results showed that differentiating between different models of learning processes improves physics instruction. Effects can be followed through to student outcomes. The education programme effect was clearer for classroom actions and students' outcomes than for teachers' beliefs. 相似文献
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美国品格教育发展中的理论分歧及其整合 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
西方品格教育的各种理论或主张之间存在明显分歧.在目标定位、模式选择、策略运用等方面,不同的非广义品格教育论者的主张不同.对于私德与公德、习惯与理性、直接教学与间接教育等范畴,非广义品格教育论者与广义品格教育论者也各有侧重.从"好生活"出发,基于实践理性、教育实效等视角进行的整合尝试,有利于品格教育付诸实践. 相似文献
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共创性学习(Expansive Learning)已引发了国际学者对学习理论的革新性思考,该理论最初由芬兰学者Engestr觟m提出,共创性学习强调作为共同体的学习者,文化的转型以及新理论概念的创生。该研究首先借助学习隐喻的划分对共创性学习进行定位,然后对共创性学习的起源和意义进行探讨,对其过程和阶段进行了描述和分析,并对共创性学习的形成性干预研究进行了阐释,最后阐明了其形成机制、本质特征、演变过程等问题。 相似文献
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Using tourism free‐choice learning experiences to promote environmentally sustainable behaviour: the role of post‐visit ‘action resources’ 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
This paper argues the need for the providers of ecotourism and other free‐choice environmental learning experiences to promote the adoption of environmentally sustainable actions beyond their own sites, when visitors return to their home environments. Previous research indicates that although visitors often leave such experiences with a heightened awareness of conservation issues and intentions to adopt environmentally responsible behaviours, only a minority translate these intentions into real actions. Building on research and theory in relation to visitor experiences in free‐choice learning environments, the paper identifies three different stages in the educational process and proposes a strategy for facilitating the translation of visitors' behavioural intentions into the adoption of sustainable actions through the provision of post‐visit action resources. 相似文献
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The article argues that the crucial task of expansive learning is to generate alternatives to capitalism in human activities, organizations and communities. To meet this challenge, the article discusses two areas of current development in the theory of expansive learning. The first area is transformative agency and double stimulation; the second area is concept formation in the wild, germ cells and ascending from the abstract to the concrete. These two areas are complementary. Expansive learning is both formation of transformative agency and formation of new theoretical concepts. Transformative agency is a central quality and outcome of expansive learning. Theoretical concepts are perspectival and future-oriented; they become concrete when learners take volitional actions to change their circumstances. To have societal impact, efforts at implementing expansive learning in education should be expanded in space and time. This means getting schools involved in struggles of communities and social movements. 相似文献
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This investigation explores the effectiveness of a teacher preparation program aligned with situated learning theory on preservice science teachers' use of technology during their student teaching experiences. Participants included 26 preservice science teachers enrolled in a 2‐year Master of Teaching program. A specific program goal was to prepare teachers to use technology to support reform‐based science instruction. To this end, the program integrated technology instruction across five courses and situated this instruction within the context of learning and teaching science. A variety of data sources were used to characterize the participants' intentions and instructional practices, including classroom observations, lesson plans, interviews, and written reflections. Data analysis followed a constant comparative process with the goal of describing if, how, and why the participants integrated technology into their instruction and the extent to which they applied, adapted, and innovated upon what they learned in the science teacher preparation program. Results indicate that all participants used technology throughout their student teaching for reform‐based science instruction. Additionally, they used digital images, videos, animations, and simulations to teach process skills, support inquiry instruction, and to enhance student engagement in ways that represented application, adaptation, and innovation upon what they learned in the science teaching methods program. Participants cited several features of the science teacher preparation program that helped them to effectively integrate technology into their instruction. These included participating in science lessons in which technology was modeled in the context of specific instructional approaches, collaborating with peers, and opportunities for feedback and reflection after teaching lessons. The findings of this study suggest that situated learning theory may provide an effective structure for preparing preservice teachers to integrate technology in ways that support reform‐based instruction. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50:348–379, 2013 相似文献
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This article draws on the concept of experiencing to highlight a positive connection between resistance and agency, and its potential for teachers' professional development and educational change. The article examines teachers' discourse during a Change Laboratory intervention aimed at developing teaching practices. The intervention was initiated to deal with problems in the evaluation of students' learning. The article analyzes in particular the case of a teacher whose discourse shifted from critical and disruptive to constructive and agentive. The analysis explains this transition as a process of experiencing through which this teacher faced and worked out critical conflicts related to her teaching. 相似文献
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作为探究教育教学系统构造的技术过程的学科,教育技术学包括教学设计与课程开发两方面的内容,教育技术的历史进步表现为教学设计和课程开发技术原理和技术效应件的进化。教学设计的整体原理至今仍为加涅的"教学—学习映射表",局部效应件的进化则包括教学目标、学习结果分类、教学策略制定等。在课程开发领域,至今尚未出现整体性的课程开发技术原理;虽然博比特、查特斯、加涅等人对活动设计、课程任务有过一些研究,但社会角色的分析技术、课程知识的组织、课程目标的分类等技术效应件也都不够成熟。 相似文献
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协作学习具有明确的阶段性吗 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在协作学习领域,对交互过程的分析一直是研究的热点。近年来,不少研究者认为协作学习的交互过程可以分为特定的几个阶段,如提问、陈述、反思、评论、引证等。他们把交互过程看成是一系列有意图的交互行为,以言语行为理论为基础,以交互行为为基本分析单位,把交互过程编码成不同的阶段以此判断交互的效果。然而对行为进行编码是很困难的,因为行为人的目的是内隐的、无法客观判定的,因此这种研究得出的结论也必然由于具有强烈的主观性和独断性而丧失实践意义。本研究把协作学习系统看成是信息系统,采用IIS图分析法来分析协作学习的交互过程,结果发现不同的时间段之间在信息流动方面并没有明显的不同。因此本文认为,协作学习的过程不具备所谓的阶段论特征。 相似文献
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拓展性学习的概念与理论是由芬兰学者恩格斯托姆最早提出的,是“文化-历史”活动理论在实践中的应用与发展。作为一种具有变革意义的学习范式,拓展性学习对传统学习模式进行反思与批判的基础上,从学习的目的、主体、内容、过程以及结果等方面颠覆了对学习的传统理解与认知,并认为学习的本质是“将一个简单的观念拓展成为一个复杂的活动目标或者形成一种新的实践形式”。拓展性学习的本质与内涵揭示了概念形成及演化与拓展性学习活动及实践之间的关系。这种关系体现在拓展性学习的过程中,即拓展性学习总是要经历从“质疑→分析→建模→检验→实施→反思→固化”的循环。作为拓展性学习理论的进一步发展,从行动与反思两个维度,拓展性学习中的概念转化可以划分为直觉感知、解释说明、归纳整合、制度化四个阶段。这对于我们深入认识拓展性学习理论和丰富现代学习理论具有一定的启示。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the idea that the framing of learning and transfer contexts can influence students’ propensity to
transfer what they have learned. We predicted that transfer would be promoted by framing contexts in an expansive manner in
which students are positioned as having the opportunity to contribute to larger conversations that extend across time, places,
people, and topics. A one-on-one tutoring experiment was conducted to test this hypothesis by manipulating framing as either
expansive or its opposite (bounded) within a complex instructional learning ecology. We investigated the degree to which high
school biology students transferred knowledge from a learning session about the cardiovascular system to a transfer-of-learning
session about the respiratory system depending on framing condition. Consistent with the framing hypothesis, students in the
expansive condition were generally more likely to transfer facts, a conceptual principle, and a learning strategy from one
system to another. 相似文献
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Sarah M. Bonner Jennifer A. Somers Gwendelyn J. Rivera Leslie S. Keiler 《Instructional Science》2017,45(4):417-438
We investigated perceptions about learning strategy use and instructional roles among a sample of high needs adolescents (n = 230) who acted as near-peer instructional facilitators. The sample was drawn from science and mathematics classes in nonselective public secondary schools in New York City. Students participated in an inschool intervention that draws on social constructivism, theory and research on metacognition and learning strategies, role theory, and empirical findings from the peer-to-peer learning literature to promote advanced achievement among students who act as facilitators. Using a pre- and post-test single group design, we surveyed student instructional facilitators before and after program participation and related their perceptions about learning strategy use and perceptions about teaching roles to data about academic achievement. We found no survey gains in student perceptions about learning strategies or instructional roles between pre-survey (fall) and post-survey (spring). We found small but significant effects of individual perceptions about learning strategies and teaching roles on academic gains among instructional facilitators. The study also suggests that an in-school near-peer facilitated learning program can be an effective means to raise achievement in urban high schools. The study provides partial support for theories that hold that metacognition and role perceptions are involved in the academic gains of instructional facilitators, as gains in these dimensions were small compared to achievement gains. 相似文献
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刘传熙 《桂林师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(4):140-144
以《员工队伍建设》信息化教学设计为例,探讨并实践了信息化教学系统分析、信息资源库建设、信息化教学工具建设、信息化教学设计模型等信息化教学设计的关键要素。提出信息化教学设计中的资源库建设的取舍、信息化教学设计适用性、信息化教学设计教学反思和信息化教学设计师资队伍等问题的解决办法的建议。 相似文献
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Joanne Carlisle Ben Kelcey Dan Berebitsky Geoffrey Phelps 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(5):409-439
The purpose of this study was to determine whether third-grade teachers' instructional actions during reading comprehension lessons contributed to their students' reading comprehension achievement. Our framework focused on teachers' emphasis on three dimensions of instruction (pedagogical structure, teacher-directed instruction, and support for student learning), as observed in comprehension lessons across a year. Third-grade teachers' instruction was analyzed first by measuring their latent propensity to engage in instructional actions in the three dimensions and then by using these latent variables in a multilevel model to examine their students' gains in reading comprehension. Results provided support for the theoretical dimensions, taking into account contextual variables including lesson, student, and teacher characteristics; teachers' engagement in teacher-directed instruction and their support for student learning significantly contributed to their students' reading comprehension. Results suggest that analysis of teachers' instructional actions within and across lessons is a promising approach for the study of effective reading instruction. 相似文献