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1.
Brad Turner 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(1):25-29
Key points
- Bookshare is the world's largest library of accessible titles provided to members and through special agreements.
- Dyslexia is often forgotten as an impediment to access but must be accounted for within accessible publications.
- Certification of accessibility provides confidence for purchasers and a marketing tool for publishers.
- Accessibility requires multiple routes to access, on different platforms and in different formats.
- Accessible artworks need particular attention, and this is often lacking in ‘accessible’ publications.
2.
Julie G. Kosteniuk Debra G. Morgan Carl K. D'Arcy 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2013,101(1):32-37
Objectives:
The research determined (1) the information sources that family physicians (FPs) most commonly use to update their general medical knowledge and to make specific clinical decisions, and (2) the information sources FPs found to be most physically accessible, intellectually accessible (easy to understand), reliable (trustworthy), and relevant to their needs.Methods:
A cross-sectional postal survey of 792 FPs and locum tenens, in full-time or part-time medical practice, currently practicing or on leave of absence in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan was conducted during the period of January to April 2008.Results:
Of 666 eligible physicians, 331 completed and returned surveys, resulting in a response rate of 49.7% (331/666). Medical textbooks and colleagues in the main patient care setting were the top 2 sources for the purpose of making specific clinical decisions. Medical textbooks were most frequently considered by FPs to be reliable (trustworthy), and colleagues in the main patient care setting were most physically accessible (easy to access).Conclusions:
When making specific clinical decisions, FPs were most likely to use information from sources that they considered to be reliable and generally physically accessible, suggesting that FPs can best be supported by facilitating easy and convenient access to high-quality information.Highlights
- Medical textbooks were the most popular information source for family physicians'' (FPs'') clinical decision-making purposes, and medical journals were the most popular information source for the purpose of updating FPs'' general medical knowledge.
- FPs considered medical textbooks to be the most reliable (trustworthy) source, colleagues the most physically accessible, and continuing medical education the most relevant and intellectually accessible.
- The lowest ranked information sources across all four attributes were personal digital assistants, mental health professionals, pharmaceutical sales representatives, and other decision aids.
Implications
- The most popular information sources for clinical decision-making purposes among FPs were sources characterized as reliable and generally physically accessible.
- This study suggests the need for further research into interventions that target information access barriers in FPs'' practice settings and the promotion of reliable evidence for FPs'' clinical decision-making purposes.
3.
Violaine Iglesias 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(1):49-54
Key points
- Convergence of international standards has made requirements for accessible multimedia content clearer.
- Legal and commercial pressure for accessible content is mounting for higher education institutions (HEIs) and publishers as highlighted by recent high‐profile settlements in North America.
- Accessibility requirements for multimedia can be met by setting realistic, progressive goals and focusing resources on key content.
- Multimedia accessibility benefits range from wider audiences and increased user engagement to greater discoverability and improved search engine optimization.
- Vendors are ramping up their offerings for accessible production, and costs are going down.
4.
Making materials accessible to students in higher education institutes: Institutional obligations,methods of compliance,and recommendations for future action 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jamie Axelrod 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(1):39-44
Key points
- Current publishing restrictions cause duplicated – and wasted – effort to delivery of accessible information to students.
- Universities have a legal obligation to provide access, but this is not required from publishers.
- Initiatives to support access are helpful, but do not completely resolve the accessibility problems.
5.
Key points
- A clear set of rules regarding authorship responsibilities in academic publications is much needed.
- The leading research integrity guidelines on scientific authorship, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors Recommendations, are unclear about authorship responsibilities in case of misconduct.
- The source of the problem is the fourth authorship criterion – it should be revised.
6.
George Kerscher 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(1):83-85
Key points
- Accessibility of publications in academia is a non‐negotiable legal requirement.
- The accessibility of your journal or other scholarly publication is the most important design consideration in your workflow.
- EPUB Accessibility 1.0 and Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 provide a clear publishing pathway.
- Consider the readability chain: Any link can result in accessibility failure but an unbroken chain will benefit all readers.
7.
Richard Dodenhoff 《Learned Publishing》2020,33(1):69-70
Key points
- The job of society publishers is to carry out the directives and achieve the goals set by the organization's elected and volunteer leaders.
- Society journals form an integral part of the work and outreach of the society and its mission.
- Scholarly societies help develop new findings and individual careers, and a publications outlet supports both of these activities.
8.
Lack of critical thinking skills leading to research crisis in developing countries: A case of Pakistan 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sarwat Nauman 《Learned Publishing》2017,30(3):233-236
Key points
- Increasing funding for research may not improve the quality of research.
- Pakistan is investing heavily in research with commensurate increases in publications.
- Pakistan's increase in article output is not being matched with increased quality – is this due to a fundamental problem with critical thinking skills?
- All developing countries need to focus on critical thinking skills to realize the best use of their research funding.
9.
Key points
- Accessibility is often misunderstood as a concept that is niche or of secondary importance.
- Reframing accessibility as improving the overall user experience instantly changes the perspective; accessibility becomes a critical requirement worthy of investment and resources.
- The single most prevalent complaint amongst librarians is the time it takes to get hold of accessible content.
- An accessibility roadmap provides structure and transparency for digital accessibility projects within the organization.
- Publishers' non‐compliance with accessibility standards will increase their risk of sales declines and legal complications over time.
- The SAGE A.C.C.E.S.S.I.B.L.E mnemonic offers suggestions on how to devise a successful accessible publishing programme.
10.
Lauren Trimble 《Learned Publishing》2018,31(1):21-24
Key points
- Testing for accessibility after extensive changes to a website and addressing them as technical debt is unsustainable in the long term.
- To stay modern and efficient, providers of digital content to academic institutions should build accessibility into development.
- For JSTOR, working with participating institutions to understand their concerns was essential to reaching WCAG 2.0 AA conformance.
- With Artstor recently joining ITHAKA, we face the challenge of making a visual archive accessible.
11.
Vicky Williams 《Learned Publishing》2016,29(3):207-209
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13.
Melissa L. Rethlefsen Alicia A. Livinski 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2013,101(1):55-62
Objectives:
The research identified the publication types and ages most frequently cited in the infectious diseases literature and the most commonly cited journals.Methods:
From 2008–2010, 5,056 articles in 5 infectious diseases journals cited 166,650 items. Two random samples were drawn: one (n = 1,060) from the total set of citations and one (n = 1,060) from the citations to journal articles. For each sample citation, publication type and date, age of cited item, and inclusion of uniform resource locator (URL) were collected. For each item in the cited journal articles sample, journal title, publication date, and age of the cited article were collected. Bradford zones were used for further analysis.Results:
Journal articles (91%, n = 963) made up the bulk of cited items, followed by miscellaneous items (4.6%, n = 49). Dates of publication for cited items ranged from 1933–2010 (mean = 2001, mode = 2007). Over half (50.2%, n = 483) of cited journal articles were published within the previous 5 years. The journal article citations included 358 unique journal titles.Discussion:
The citations to current and older publications in a range of disciplines, heavy citation of journals, and citation of miscellaneous and government documents revealed the depth and breadth of resources needed for the study of infectious diseases.Highlights
- Literature on infectious diseases is multidisciplinary, encompassing medical specialties, public health, and the medical sciences.
- Infectious disease publications cite journal articles more than 90% of the time. Cited journal articles greatly range in age at citation: more than a quarter were over 10 years old.
- Infectious disease citation patterns resemble clinical medicine citation patterns more than public health citation patterns.
Implications
- Infectious disease professionals need access to general medicine titles as well as infectious disease, immunology, virology, microbiology, and public health literature.
- Librarians serving infectious disease researchers and practitioners should provide access to older materials, especially journal back files, to support the cyclical needs of their patrons.
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15.
Jocelyn A. Rankin Suzanne F. Grefsheim Candace C. Canto 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2008,96(3):194-206
Purpose:
A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize what is known about informationists, highlight program models, and suggest areas for future research.Methods:
Articles retrieved through database searching were reviewed for relevance. Informationist case reports were identified and coded according to an attributes checklist. Data from other retained publications were synthesized under broad themes. The few research studies found were reviewed for level of evidence.Results:
Of 113 papers reviewed, the study identified 7 classic and 8 emerging informationist programs. Two major models are apparent, clinical and research, with priorities differing according to program maturity. The literature synthesis also brought together current thinking about informationist qualifications; practice roles; setting characteristics; education and training; organizational, programmatic, and service provider success factors; and challenges and barriers. Program outcomes to date are reported, and future research topics suggested. Specific findings will assist informationist program planners.Conclusions:
While the informationist concept remains in the early adopter stage, it appears that domain knowledge, continuous learning, and embedding (working in context) are essential to success. The need for librarians to transition to greater specialization and libraries to emphasize customized service was underscored. A research agenda focused on information management, dissemination, behaviors, and economics is proposed.Highlights
- After years of emphasizing the generalist librarian, health sciences librarians must become more specialized, paralleling the health care environment in which they work.
- An embedded informationist is more likely to achieve credibility, acceptance, and sustainability than an impersonal information service provided at a distance.
- Subject expertise is essential for the informationist.
- Model informationist programs with the greatest stability are library funded.
- Because informationist programs are inherently targeted to small groups, multisite studies are necessary to achieve robust evaluation.
Implications
- A library starting an informationist program should review existing models, identify local needs, set program objectives, and then select the most appropriate approaches for its users.
- Programmatic emphasis should be placed on both technical and service excellence.
- Organizational commitment is needed for knowledge integration into practice and for the informationists'' lifelong learning.
16.
Laura L. Haines Jeanene Light Donna O'Malley Frances A. Delwiche 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2010,98(1):73-81
Objectives:
This study examined the information-seeking behaviors of basic science researchers to inform the development of customized library services.Methods:
A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted on a sample of basic science researchers employed at a university medical school.Results:
The basic science researchers used a variety of information resources ranging from popular Internet search engines to highly technical databases. They generally relied on basic keyword searching, using the simplest interface of a database or search engine. They were highly collegial, interacting primarily with coworkers in their laboratories and colleagues employed at other institutions. They made little use of traditional library services and instead performed many traditional library functions internally.Conclusions:
Although the basic science researchers expressed a positive attitude toward the library, they did not view its resources or services as integral to their work. To maximize their use by researchers, library resources must be accessible via departmental websites. Use of library services may be increased by cultivating relationships with key departmental administrative personnel. Despite their self-sufficiency, subjects expressed a desire for centralized information about ongoing research on campus and shared resources, suggesting a role for the library in creating and managing an institutional repository.Highlights
- Basic science researchers rely on a small network of individuals in their institution and at other institutions to satisfy their information needs.
- Basic science researchers tend to ignore institutional boundaries when searching for information and do not necessarily view the library as the primary source of scholarly information.
- Basic science researchers use the interlibrary loan service regularly but otherwise rarely use traditional library services such as mediated literature searching and instruction.
Implications
- The library must establish a presence in researchers'' work environments, rather than expect them to seek out library resources and services.
- The increased emphasis by funding agencies on clinical translational science may impact the information needs of basic science researchers in the future.
- Libraries have an opportunity to capitalize on their positive reputation and basic scientists'' desire for more centralized information to create new information resources and services such as institutional repositories.
17.
C. Trenton Boyd 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(1):8-14
Objective:
The objective of this study was to survey holdings of ephemeral veterinary literature.Methods:
WorldCat OCLC catalog, the Library of Congress online catalog, the US National Agricultural Library online catalog, and the Dictionary Catalog of the National Agricultural Library, 1862–1965, were used to determine current library holdings of materials published by veterinary schools that are no longer in existence and veterinary associations that are defunct, veterinary supply catalogs, veterinary house organs, patent medicine publications, and veterinary advertisements. Individual library catalogs were also consulted. In addition, the practice of removing advertisements from bound volumes was examined.Results:
There are many gaps in the cataloged library holdings of primary source materials relating to the history of the education of veterinarians in the United States.Conclusions:
A proactive action plan needs to be designed and activated to locate, catalog, and preserve this primary source material of veterinary medicine for posterity.Highlights
- Veterinary libraries have failed to catalog or retain important primary veterinary source materials.
- Several types of veterinary gray literature, with individual pieces scattered across multiple kinds of libraries, are at high risk for loss from the historical record.
Implications
- Academic, veterinary, medical, and special librarians should be involved in efforts to preserve their institutional, local, and state materials; to identify and locate hidden collections of materials, both in uncataloged collections and in the hands of private collectors; and to mentor new librarians about their role in preserving the history of medicine.
- The results of this survey of primary source materials documenting US veterinary medical education suggest the need for a parallel study of medical education and other health professions education.
- The time is now, not only to digitize important scarce veterinary materials for both preservation and improved access, but also to archive present day institutional output (paper and electronic).
18.
Dennis W Fell Judy F Burnham Melanie J Buchanan Heidi A Horchen Joel A Scherr 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(3):202-207
Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to identify (1) core journals in the literature of physical therapy, (2) currency of references cited in that literature, and (3) online databases providing the highest coverage rate of core journals.Method:
Data for each cited reference in each article of four source journals for three years were recorded, including type of literature, year of publication, and journal title. The journal titles were ranked in descending order according to the frequency of citations and divided into three zones using Bradford''s Law of Scattering. Four databases were analyzed for coverage rates of articles published in the Zone 1 and Zone 2 journals in 2007.Results:
Journal articles were the most frequently cited type of literature, with sixteen journals supplying one-third of the cited journal references. Physical Therapy was the most commonly cited title. There were more cited articles published from 2000 to 2007 than in any previous full decade. Of the databases analyzed, CINAHL provided the highest coverage rate for Zone 1 2007 publications.Conclusions:
Results were similar to a previous study, except for changes in the order of Zone 1 journals. Results can help physical therapists and librarians determine important journals in this discipline.Highlights
- More cited references were published in the last eight years studied than in any previous full decade.
- Physical Therapy, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (APMR), and Spine were the most frequently cited titles. Previous studies found APMR to be the most cited journal.
- CINAHL provided the highest coverage rate for the most commonly cited titles, with MEDLINE and EMBASE providing the best coverage for the next group of titles.
Implications
- Health sciences librarians and clinicians can use these results to identify important journals for developing collections and determining the need for access to back issues of journals.
- Multiple databases are needed for comprehensive coverage of the physical therapy discipline
Implications
- Health sciences librarians and clinicians can use these results to identify important journals for developing collections and determining the need for access to back issues of journals.
- Multiple databases are needed for comprehensive coverage of the physical therapy discipline
19.
20.
- As the number of authors on scientific publications increases, ordered lists of author names are proving inadequate for the purposes of attribution and credit.
- A multi‐stakeholder group has produced a contributor role taxonomy for use in scientific publications.
- Identifying specific contributions to published research will lead to appropriate credit, fewer author disputes, and fewer disincentives to collaboration and the sharing of data and code.