共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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“纳米材料”是当今材料科学研究的前沿,其研究成果广泛应用于催化及军事科学中。“纳米材料”是指研究、开发出的直径从几纳米至几十纳米的材料(1纳米=10~(-9)米)。 1991年美国科学家首次制得的碳纳米管,促进了纳米技术的加速发展。碳纳米管直径一般为几纳米到几 相似文献
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概述准一维纳米结构材料包括纳米管、纳米线和纳米棒通过多种方法已经被成功制备出来,其独特的物理化学特性,在微电子器件方面有很好的应用前景,现在已经成为物理化学研究者争相研究的热点。ZnO是重要的Ⅱ－Ⅵ族直接带隙宽禁带半导体氧化物,其禁带宽度为3．37eV,激子结合能（60meV）,具有较高的化学稳定性,适宜用作室温或更高温度下的可见和紫外光发射材料。因此,合成准一维ZnO纳米结构及其性质研究迅速受到了科学工作者的广泛关注。基于气－固（VS）和气－液－固（VLS）生长机制,各种形貌的准一维ZnO纳米结构已经被国际上著名的纳米小组报道过,包括纳米带,纳米线阵列,单根纳米线器件,单晶纳米环,超品格纳米弹簧,纳米盘,微米棒等等。 相似文献
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碳纳米管具有特殊的一维中空结构,可以向其中填充入各种物质,形成新的纳米复合材料．这些物质在碳纳米管中能发生特殊反应。本论文介绍了碳纳米管作为世界上最小的试管的若干最新研究进展。 相似文献
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科学家用碳纳米管造出了世界上最小的电动机,它的直径约为500纳米,比头发丝还要小300倍,能够在电压驱动下转动。纳米电动机是美国加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的科学家设计的。这所学校的亚历克斯·蔡特勒等研究人员在7月24日出版的英国《自然》杂志上报告说,电动机的旋转叶片是一片金叶,长度不到300纳米,叶片安装在一根由多层碳纳米管做成的转轴上。多层碳纳米管由多根口径不同的空心圆管套在一起,两端装有二氧化硅制的电极,将它固定在一块硅片上,碳纳米管的周围还安置了另外3个电极。在碳纳米管与其中一个电极之间施加电压,就能使它带动金叶… 相似文献
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近来对基于表面等离子体的微纳光学器件研究很多,这类器件在量子计算和量子通信中将会有着重要用途。本文对一种简单新颖的圆形腔间接耦合的结构进行了研究,发现其具有很好的滤波作用,透射谱的半峰全宽可以控制在10nm~20nm,从而显示出一定的应用价值。通过并联结构可以将此结构扩展,从而得出多通道的解复用器。 相似文献
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Thanks to its unique features at the nanoscale, nanofluidics, the study and application of fluid flow in nanochannels/nanopores with at least one characteristic size smaller than 100 nm, has enabled the occurrence of many interesting transport phenomena and has shown great potential in both bio- and energy-related fields. The unprecedented growth of this research field is apparently attributed to the rapid development of micro/nanofabrication techniques. In this review, we summarize recent activities and achievements of nanofabrication for nanofluidic devices, especially those reported in the past four years. Three major nanofabrication strategies, including nanolithography, microelectromechanical system based techniques, and methods using various nanomaterials, are introduced with specific fabrication approaches. Other unconventional fabrication attempts which utilize special polymer properties, various microfabrication failure mechanisms, and macro/microscale machining techniques are also presented. Based on these fabrication techniques, an inclusive guideline for materials and processes selection in the preparation of nanofluidic devices is provided. Finally, technical challenges along with possible opportunities in the present nanofabrication for nanofluidic study are discussed. 相似文献
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We present an electrokinetic framework for designing insulator constriction-based dielectrophoresis devices with enhanced ability to trap nanoscale biomolecules in physiological media of high conductivity, through coupling short-range dielectrophoresis forces with long-range electrothermal flow. While a 500-fold constriction enables field focusing sufficient to trap nanoscale biomolecules by dielectrophoresis, the extent of this high-field region is enhanced through coupling the constriction to an electrically floating sensor electrode at the constriction floor. However, the enhanced localized fields due to the constriction and enhanced current within saline media of high conductivity (1 S/m) cause a rise in temperature due to Joule heating, resulting in a hotspot region midway within the channel depth at the constriction center, with temperatures of ∼8°–10°K above the ambient. While the resulting vortices from electrothermal flow are directed away from the hotspot region to oppose dielectrophoretic trapping, they also cause a downward and inward flow towards the electrode edges at the constriction floor. This assists biomolecular trapping at the sensor electrode through enabling long-range fluid sampling as well as through localized stirring by fluid circulation in its vicinity. 相似文献
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Since solar energy is the ultimate energy resource and a significant amount of global energy utilization goes through heat, there have been persistent efforts for centuries to develop devices and systems for solar–thermal conversion. Most recently, interfacial solar vapor generation, as an emerging concept of solar–thermal conversion, has gained significant attention for its great potentials in various fields such as desalination, sterilization, catalysis, etc. With the advances of rationally designed materials and structures and photon and thermal management at the nanoscale, interfacial solar vapor generation has demonstrated both thermodynamic and kinetical advantages over conventional strategies. In this review, we aim to illustrate the definition, mechanism and figures of merit of interfacial solar vapor generation, and to summarize the development progress of relevant materials and applications, as well as to provide a prospective view of the future. 相似文献
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Advances in nanofabrication and materials science give a boost to the research in nanofluidic energy harvesting. Contrary to previous efforts on isothermal conditions, here a study on asymmetric temperature dependence in nanofluidic power generation is conducted. Results are somewhat counterintuitive. A negative temperature difference can significantly improve the membrane potential due to the impact of ionic thermal up-diffusion that promotes the selectivity and suppresses the ion-concentration polarization, especially at the low-concentration side, which results in dramatically enhanced electric power. A positive temperature difference lowers the membrane potential due to the impact of ionic thermal down-diffusion, although it promotes the diffusion current induced by decreased electrical resistance. Originating from the compromise of the temperature-impacted membrane potential and diffusion current, a positive temperature difference enhances the power at low transmembrane-concentration intensities and hinders the power for high transmembrane-concentration intensities. Based on the system''s temperature response, we have proposed a simple and efficient way to fabricate tunable ionic voltage sources and enhance salinity-gradient energy conversion based on small nanoscale biochannels and mimetic nanochannels. These findings reveal the importance of a long-overlooked element—temperature—in nanofluidic energy harvesting and provide insights for the optimization and fabrication of high-performance nanofluidic power devices. 相似文献
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纳米环保技术的发展现状与前景 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
纳米技术是一种把人们探索自然、创造知识的能力延伸到介于宏观和微观物质中间领域的新技术 ,很可能成为 2 1世纪的主导技术之一 .概述了纳米技术的含义及在环境保护领域的开发现状和前景展望 相似文献
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Supramolecular chemistry provides a means to integrate multi-type molecules leading to a dynamic organization. The study of functional nanoscale drug-delivery systems based on supramolecular interactions is a recent trend. Much work has focused on the design of supramolecular building blocks and the engineering of supramolecular integration, with the goal of optimized delivery behavior and enhanced therapeutic effect. This review introduces recent advances in supramolecular designs of nanoscale drug delivery. Supramolecular affinity can act as a main driving force either in the self-assembly of carriers or in the loading of drugs. It is also possible to employ strong recognitions to achieve self-delivery of drugs. Due to dynamic controllable drug-release properties, the supramolecular nanoscale drug-delivery system provides a promising platform for precision medicine. 相似文献
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Huating Kong Jichao Zhang Jiang Li Jian Wang Hyun-Joon Shin Renzhong Tai Qinglong Yan Kai Xia Jun Hu Lihua Wang Ying Zhu Chunhai Fan 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(7):1218
Spatial resolution defines the physical limit of microscopes for probing biomolecular localization and interactions in cells. Whereas synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy (XRM) represents a unique approach for imaging a whole cell with nanoscale resolution due to its intrinsic nanoscale resolution and great penetration ability, existing approaches to label biomolecules rely on the use of exogenous tags that are multi-step and error-prone. Here, we repurpose engineered peroxidases as genetically encoded X-ray-sensitive tags (GXET) for site-specific labeling of protein-of-interest in mammalian cells. We find that 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) polymers that are in-situ catalytically formed by fusion-expressed peroxidases are visible under XRM. Using this new tag, we imaged the protein location associated with the alteration of a DNA-methylation pathway with an ultra-high resolution of 30 nanometers. Importantly, the excellent energy resolution of XRM enables multicolor imaging using different peroxidase tags. The development of GXET enlightens the way to nanoscopic imaging for biological studies. 相似文献
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Materials of nanoscale size exhibit properties that macroscopic materials often do not have. The same holds for bubbles on the nanoscale: nanoscale gaseous domains on a solid-liquid interface have surprising properties. These include the shape, the long life time, and even superstability. Such so-called surface nanobubbles may have wide applications. This prospective article covers the basic properties of surface nanobubbles and gives several examples of potential nanobubble applications in nanomaterials and nanodevices. For example, nanobubbles can be used as templates or nanostructures in surface functionalization. The nanobubbles produced in situ in a microfluidic system can even induce an autonomous motion of the nanoparticles on which they form. Their formation also has implications for the fluid transport in narrow channels in which they form. 相似文献