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1.
Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation on acute lethality and avoidance responses in juvenile rock carp (Procypris rabaudi Tchang). The juvenile rock carp were exposed to water with different levels of supersaturation (105%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, and 145%) and depth of 0.20 m at 25°C for 60 h. Median lethal time (LT50) was used to assess the lethal responses corresponding to different levels of gas supersaturation. The results show that half of the juvenile rock carp died at the 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, 140%, and 145% levels of supersaturation, and the LT50 corresponding to different levels of supersaturation was 18.7, 15.4, 8.2, 6.6, 3.5, and 1.7 h. When the level of supersaturated water is below 115%, the mortality is negligible. Avoidance responses were observed 5 min after the fish were put into equilibrated water (99%, 0.08 m deep) and water with different supersaturated levels (105%, 115%, 125%, 135%, and 145%, 0.08 m deep) at 25 °C. The fish exhibited strong avoidance responses in supersaturated water when the gas supersaturation was above 135%. However, they exhibited an obvious preference to supersaturated water when the gas supersaturation was below 115%. Thus, the juvenile rock carp can likely survive in water with a supersaturated level of 115%.  相似文献   

2.
Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation caused by dam sluicing can result in gas bubble trauma (GBT) in fish and threaten their survival. In the present study, Chinese suckers (Myxocyprinus asiaticus Bleeker) were exposed to TDG supersaturated water at levels ranging from 120% to 145% for 48 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) and the median lethal time (LT50) were determined to evaluate acute lethal effects on Chinese suckers. The results showed that the LC50 values of 4, 6, 8, and 10 h were 142%, 137%, 135%, and 130%, respectively. The LT50 values were 3.2, 4.7, 7.8, 9.2, and 43.4 h, respectively, when TDG supersaturated levels were 145%, 140%, 135%, 130%, and 125%. Furthermore, the biological responses in Chinese suckers were studied by assaying the catalase (CAT) activities in gills and muscles at the supersaturation level of 140% within LT50. The CAT activities in the gills and muscle tissues exhibited a regularity of a decrease after an increase. CAT activities in the muscles were increased significantly at 3/5LT50 (P<0.05) and then came back to the normal level. However, there were no significant differences between the treatment group (TDG level of 140%) and the control group (TDG level of 100%) on CAT activities in the gills before 3/5LT50 (P>0.05), but the activities were significantly lower than the normal level at 4/5LT50 and LT50 (P<0.05).  相似文献   

3.
The effect of total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation on fish living downstream of dams is one of the main ecological risks of high dam construction. A strategy for mitigating the negative effects is needed urgently since many high dams are under construction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Experiments on the hatching process of David’s schizothoracin were carried out and the results show that the hatching rate decreased with increasing TDG levels, and that most eggs hatched within a very short time in the higher TDG saturation groups. By using a stereomicroscope, damages to the head, yolk sac, body, anus, etc. were found in larvae which hatched in TDG supersaturated water. Results show that the lesion rate increased with increasing TDG levels. Furthermore, 7-d-old David’s schizothoracin were exposed to TDG supersaturated water levels of 100%, 105%, 110%, 115%, 120%, 125%, 130%, 135%, and 140% for testing their tolerance to TDG supersaturation. We found that the median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) for 13, 14, 20, 35, 52, 73, and 96 h exposure were 138%, 138%, 134%, 130%, 129%, 128%, and 126%, respectively. The median lethal times (LT50 ) were 7.49, 11.04, 19.25, and 35.38 h for exposure to water with TDG levels of 145%, 140%, 135%, and 130%, respectively.  相似文献   

4.
应用火焰型原子吸收光度法测定淮河鳙鱼(Aristichthys nobilis)不同组织器官(鳞片、鳔、心脏、肌肉、鳃盖骨、尾鳍、脑、脾、皮肤、胆、眼球、肠、鳃和肝胰脏)中的Cu、Mn、Cd、Fe、Ni和Zn等6种重金属含量。结果表明,淮河鳙鱼不同组织器官中的Cu、Mn、Cd、Fe、Ni和Zn的含量不同,其中Fe(59.168 mg/kg)和Zn(50.220 mg/kg)含量均明显高于其他重金属含量,鳙鱼心脏中Fe(370.220 mg/kg)和Zn(229.659 mg/kg)含量最高,其次为肠、鳃、肝胰脏;Cu在肝胰脏、心脏和肠中的含量较高(13.254mg/kg、8.874 mg/kg、3.120 mg/kg),其他组织较低;Mn在肠、鳃盖骨、鳃中含量较高,但心脏中含量最少;Cd和Ni在心脏、鳔、鳞片、鳃盖骨中含量较高,在肠中的含量均较低,但淮河鳙鱼不同组织中Cd的含量超过国家卫生食用标准,其食用部分不能食用。  相似文献   

5.
A transgenic barley line (LSY-11-1-1) with overexpressed Phalaris coerulescens thioredoxin gene (PTrx) was employed to measure the growth, protein oxidation, cell viability, and antioxidase activity in barley roots during germination on the presence of 2 mmol/L AlCl3 on filter paper. The results show that (1) compared with the non-transgenic barley, LSY-11-1-1 had enhanced root growth, although both were seriously inhibited after AlCl3 treatment; (2) the degree of protein oxidation and loss of cell viability in roots of LSY-11-1-1 were much less than those in roots of non-transgenic barley, as reflected by lower contents of protein carbonyl and Evans blue uptakes in LSY-11-1-1; (3) activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in LSY-11-1-1 root tips were generally higher than those in non-transgenic barley root tips, although these antioxidase activities gave a rise to different degrees in both LSY-11-1-1 and non-transgenic barley under aluminum stress. These results indicate that overexpressing PTrx could efficiently protect barley roots from oxidative injury by increasing antioxidase activity, thereby quenching ROS caused by AlCl3 during germination. These properties raise the possibility that transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx may be used to reduce the aluminum toxicity in acid soils.  相似文献   

6.
采用1/2浓度Hoagland营养液培育法中不同浓度(0.000、0.050、0.075、0.100和0.125 mol/L)的Na Cl溶液处理V2期苗期大豆,待大豆生长至V3期,分析不同浓度盐胁迫对大豆生长以及POD、SOD和CAT同工酶的影响。结果表明:Na Cl浓度越高,大豆生长受到的抑制越大,而POD、SOD和CAT的活性在Na Cl浓度在0.050 mol/L有一定的增加,但增加到0.075 mol/L后,酶的活性降低。在0.075和0.100mol/L的Na Cl浓度诱导出了新的POD同工酶谱带,而0.125 mol/L Na Cl使SOD同工酶的2条谱带消失。  相似文献   

7.
Objective: To estimate the oxidative stress and oxidative damage induced by abnormal free radical reactions in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients' bodies. Methods: Seventy-two IgA N patients (IgANP) and 72 healthy adult volunteers (HAV) were enrolled in a random control study design, in which the levels of nitric oxide (NO) in plasma, lipoperoxide (LPO) in plasma and in erythrocytes, and vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and β-carotene (β-CAR) in plasma as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes were determined with spectrophotometric mothods. Results: Compared with the HAV group, the averages of NO in plasma, and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes in the IgANP group were significantly increased (P＜0.0001), while those ofVC, VE and β-CAR in plasma as well as those of SOD, CAT and GPX in erythrocytes in the IgANP group were significantly decreased (P＜0.0001). Linear correlation analysis showed that with the increase of the values of NO, and LPO in plasma and in erythrocytes, and with the decrease of those ofVC, VE, β-CAR,SOD, CAT and GPX in the IgAN patients, the degree of histological damage of tubulointerstitial regions was increased gradually (P＜0.0001); and that with the prolongation of the duration of disease the values of NO, and LPO in plasma and erythrocytes were increased gradually, while those of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT and GPX were decreased gradually (P＜0.005). The discriminatory correct rates of the above biochemical parameters reflecting oxidative damage of the IgAN patients were 73.8%-92.5%, and the correct rates for the HAV were 70.0%-91.3% when independent discriminant analysis was used; and the correct rate for the IgAN patients was increased to 98.8%, the correct rate for the HAV was increased to 100% when stepwise discriminant analysis was used. The above biochemical parameters' reliability coefficient (alpha) were used to estimate the oxidative damage of the IgAN patients as 0.8145, the standardized item alpha=0.9730, F=53273.5681, P＜0.0001. Conclusions: A series of free radical chain reactions caused serious pathological aggravation in the IgANP' bodies, thus resulting in oxidative damage in their bodies. In treating IgANP, therefore, it is necessary that suitable dose antioxidants should be supplemented to them so as to alleviate the oxidative damage in their bodies.  相似文献   

8.
研究了沈试-29玉米种子在成熟过程中四种酶活性的变化及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化。结果表明：超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化一致即由乳熟期到蜡熟期活性下降,完熟期和枯熟期SOD、POD和CAT的活性又开始上升,而抗坏血酸氧化酶（AAO）的活性的变化则与此相反;MDA含量在蜡熟期上升,在完熟期和枯熟期下降。由此可见,种子的成熟过程中发生了氧化和过氧化作用,并存在活性氧的伤害。  相似文献   

9.
The hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the n-butanol extract of Rubus parvifolius L. (RPL), a widely used medicinal plant, were evaluated. Results demonstrated that RPL extract possessed pronounced hepatoprotective effects against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in mice, which was at least partially attributed to its strong antioxidant capacity. Treatment with RPL extract markedly attenuated the increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels caused by CCl4 intoxication. It also significantly prevented the decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content of liver tissue. Meanwhile, histopathological changes of hepatic damage were also remarkably ameliorated. Phytochemical analysis based on high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds, including caffeic acid conjugates, ellagic acid glycosides, and flavonol glycosides, which might be responsible for the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of RPL.  相似文献   

10.
Silver carp, Hypopthalmichthys molitrix is one of the most economically valuable fish species in Bangladesh. However, its production is often hindered by parasite-induced mortality. The present study reports the intensity of parasitic infestation in 216 specimens of H. molitrix collected from different fish markets in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh. Nine different parasite species (Trichodina pediculatus, Dactylogyrus vastator, Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Gyrodactylus elegans, Lernaea sp., Apiosoma sp., Myxobolus rohitae, Camallanus ophiocephali, and Pallisentis ophiocephali) were recovered from the gill, skin, stomach, and intestine of host fish. The highest level of infection was observed for host skin, while lower levels were observed for host gill, stomach, and intestine. The results also revealed that the intensity of parasite infection in different organs of H. molitrix varied with the season. In particular, the highest levels of infection were recorded during the winter period (November-February), when fish are most susceptible to parasites. The findings of the study will help in the management and conservation of H. molitrix.  相似文献   

11.
采用小麦幼苗为材料，研究了冷激诱导抗冷性过程中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT），抗坏血酸专一性过氧化物酶（APX）、愈创木酚过氧化物酶（GPX）四种抗氧化酶活性的变化，结果发现冷激可以提高SOD，CAT，APX，GPX四种抗氧化酶的活性，表明冷激诱导的抗冷性与SOD，CAT，APX，GPX四种抗氧化酶活性增加有关，暗示SOD，CAT，APX，GPX四种抗氧化酶在冷激诱导小麦幼苗抗冷性的形成过程中起重要作用。  相似文献   

12.
盐胁迫对白菜幼苗逆境指标及蛋白激酶活性的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
研究NaCl对白菜幼苗叶片内SOD，POD，CAT活性，Vc、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量和蛋白激酶(Protoin Kinaso，PK)活性的影响以及激酶活性与部分金属离子的关系．结果表明，0．5%的NaCl能使白菜体内SOD，POD，CAT活性及Vc的含量降低．与此同时体内脯氨酸、可溶糖的含量增加，反应体系的Ca^2 、Mn^ 2、Mg^2 对蛋白激酶活性的发挥有显影响．  相似文献   

13.
Objective:To evaluate the effect of chitosan(CH) and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) seed coatings and seedling sprinklings on two different maize varieties by measuring their phenology,the H2O2 presence,the catalase(CAT) activity,and the protein quantity.Methods:Seven groups of ten seeds for each maize variety were treated with CH(2%(20 g/L) and 0.2%(2 g/L)) or H2O2(8 mmol/L) by coating,sprinkling,or both.Germination and seedling growth were measured.One month after germination,the presence of H2O2 in seedlings in the coated seed treatments was evaluated.Protein content and CAT activity were determined under all treatments.Results:H2O2 seed coating enhanced the germination rate and increased seedling and stem length in the quality protein maize(QPM) variety.Seedlings had a higher emergence velocity under this treatment in both varieties.CH and H2O2 sprinklings did not have an effect on seedling phenology.Exogenous application of H2O2 promoted an increase of endogenous H2O2.CH and H2O2 seedling sprinkling increased the protein content in both maize varieties,while there was no significant effect on the CAT activity of treated seeds and seedlings.Conclusions:CH and H2O2 enhance some phenological and biochemical features of maize depending on their method of application.  相似文献   

14.
目的以衰老的自由基学说为依据,研究蚁皇浆口服液的抗衰老作用.方法52周龄小白鼠30只随机分为老龄实验组和老龄对照组,4周龄15只作为成年对照组,灌胃四周后分别取血测定SOD、CAT、Tch、TG和MDA等各项生化指标.结果老龄实验组SOD、CAT活性均明显升高(P＜0.01),MDA、Tch和TG含量明显降低(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).结论蚁皇浆口服液具有较强的抗氧化和抗衰老作用,是一种很有经济价值药食两用的保健品.  相似文献   

15.
江苏沿海沿江地区拥有广阔的岸线,风力、水力、航运、水产、旅游等资源丰富,是江苏省发展最快且最具发展潜力的地区。近年来,随着沿江开发的实施和江苏沿海地区发展规划上升为国家战略,江苏沿海沿江地区迎来了广阔的发展前景,沿海沿江地区要努力利用好自身优越的区位和资源优势,把握新的发展机遇,成为东部地区新的发展亮点。南通市作为江苏唯一既沿海又沿江的地区,区位优势更加明显,在加快交通基础设施建设的同时,还要做足＂水＂的文章,力争在江苏新一轮发展中立于潮前浪尖,勇当排头兵。  相似文献   

16.
以蚕豆叶片为试材,对其进行黑暗诱导衰老,研究了三唑酮处理对蚕豆离体叶片过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响．结果显示,在蚕豆离体叶片衰老过程中,POD活性不断升高,特别是在48h之前十分明显,SOD,CAT活性在48h之前上升,然后有所下降;经三唑酮处理蚕豆离体叶片,三种抗氧化酶活性在处理的前期上升速率明显加快,而且维持上升的时间更长．在整过处理过程中三种抗氧化酶活性均远高于对照组．表明三唑酮处理蚕豆离体叶片后,可以通过提高并维持三种抗氧化酶的活性,增强蚕豆叶片抗氧化能力,进而延缓其衰老进程．  相似文献   

17.
对外贸易对武汉城市圈经济增长的贡献度高于＂珠三角＂和＂长三角＂,但利用外资对武汉城市圈经济增长的贡献度不及＂珠三角＂和＂长三角＂;对外贸易对武汉城市圈经济增长的促进作用大于利用外商直接投资,外资外贸对武汉城市圈经济增长的促进作用在9个构成地区显现出不平衡性,外资外贸对武汉城市圈经济增长的贡献度不及内资与内贸对地区经济增长的贡献度。因此,有必要进一步加大武汉城市圈的对外开放力度,切实提高利用外资和发展外贸的技术水平,突出武汉城市圈利用外资和发展外贸的产业结构重点,合理推进武汉城市圈各地市利用外资和对外贸易的均衡发展。  相似文献   

18.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＭｙｏｃａｒｄｉｔｉｓｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｃａｒｄｉａｃｄｉｓｅａｓｅ.Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｔｈａｔａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｓｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅｄｉｓ ｍｕｔａｓｅａｎｄｃａｔａｌａｓｅｉｎｂｌｏｏｄｏｆｖｉｒａｌｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉｔｉｓｐａｔｉｅｎｔｓａｎｄａｎｉｍａｌｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｓｏｍｅｃｈａｎｇｅｓ,ａｎｄａｇｇｒａｖａｔｅｄｒｅａｃｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｆｒｅｅｒａｄｉｃａｌｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｂｏｄｉｅｓ (Ｈｉｒａｏｋａｅｔａｌ.,1 992 ,1 993 ,1 995;Ｓｕｚｕｋｉｅ…  相似文献   

19.
姜黄素对小鼠抗氧化酶活性及NO含量的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
选取60只小鼠,随机分成四组(A、B、C、D),A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲料;B、C、D组分别在基础饲料中添加0.02%、0.04%、0.06%的姜黄素.正常饲养15d后,屠宰测定小鼠血清、肝脏、心脏、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)、NO的含量.结果表明,小鼠采食添加姜黄素的饲料后,体内抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性升高,MDA、NO含量下降.  相似文献   

20.
江海风情：南通文化特色之一   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
长江、黄海以及在它们交互作用下所形成的江海平原、内河网络,构成了南通人生存发展的自然环境。南通自古以来的物质文化和精神文化活动及其产品都深深烙上了江与海的印记,其文化形态、文化题材及文化意蕴都显现出浓郁的江海风情。  相似文献   

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