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Photoshop是有Adobe公司推出的适用于Windows和Macintosh平台的最优秀、使用最广的平面图像处理软件。学习Photoshop成为所有开设计算机类、艺术类、信息类专业学校的必选。该文主要介绍了使用Photoshop工具的一些使用技巧。 相似文献
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在对ADAT(学术数据库评测工具)进行期刊刊名列袁、数据库主要功能和特色服务、电子图书平台主要特征三方面认真测试的基础上,对ADAT的优缺点作了分析和概括,优点是:实用性、便捷性、全面性. 相似文献
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Internet上的信息检索 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了Internet上的主要检索工具的特点,介绍了从Inernet上获取有用信息所要使用的各种检索工具的方法、途径,使用户能根据不同的需求利用相应的检索工具。 相似文献
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本体建设工具比较研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本体已经成为信息系统、知识管理等领域研究的一个热点 ,其中对本体建设工具的研究是一个很现实的研究方向。详细介绍了七种主要的本体建设工具 ,并对之进行了比较研究。 相似文献
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集中研究了基于UML规范的建模工具,提出了建模工具的整体架构,详细分析了架构的具体组成和各部分的主要功能以及各部分之间的通信过程,并且介绍了建模工具包含的主要功能特点及技术实现,最后展望了未来研究的发展方向。 相似文献
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This article initiates exploratory empirical research on how civil society collective action has reacted to and affected communication–information policy (CIP), a policy domain that has been reshaped by technological and industrial change. It reviews the relevant theory on social movements, citizens groups, and interest groups from political science. Data are gathered on two dimensions of the research question: (1) We quantify the number of public interest advocacy groups focused on CIP in the United States from 1961 to the present, using organizational ecology methods. (2) We track the number of U.S. Congressional hearings held each year on CIP issues. The results show that CIP now exceeds other social movement issues (women, civil rights, the environment, human rights) as a major concern of Congressional activity, that the issues are becoming more interdependent, and that modes of citizens advocacy have undergone drastic changes in recent years. 相似文献
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This article initiates exploratory empirical research on how civil society collective action has reacted to and affected communication-information policy (CIP), a policy domain that has been reshaped by technological and industrial change. It reviews the relevant theory on social movements, citizens groups, and interest groups from political science. Data are gathered on two dimensions of the research question: (1) We quantify the number of public interest advocacy groups focused on CIP in the United States from 1961 to the present, using organizational ecology methods. (2) We track the number of U.S. Congressional hearings held each year on CIP issues. The results show that CIP now exceeds other social movement issues (women, civil rights, the environment, human rights) as a major concern of Congressional activity, that the issues are becoming more interdependent, and that modes of citizens advocacy have undergone drastic changes in recent years. 相似文献
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科学的知识产权政策评估是知识产权政策制定和政策执行科学化的重要保障。近年来,我国各级政府在国家宏观战略的指导下出台了一系列知识产权政策,但是却很少对这些政策的绩效展开评估,在知识产权政策评估方面的理论研究也很少见。借鉴公共政策评估的理论与方法,根据知识产权政策过程及绩效特征,构建知识产权政策评估的理论体系,包括评估的理论模型、体系结构、评估主体、评估指标体系、指标权重设计等内容,并且提出推进我国知识产权政策评估工作的对策建议。 相似文献
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Charles Edquist 《Research Policy》2019,48(4):869-879
A holistic innovation policy is defined in this article as a policy that integrates all public actions that influence or may influence innovation processes. The Swedish National Innovation Council (NIC) was created by the Swedish Prime Minister, Stefan Löfven, in February 2015. It is personally chaired by the prime minister. Another atypical characteristic of the Swedish NIC is that it has a dominant and wide focus on innovation policy. In other countries, such councils focus predominantly on science and/or research policy and treat innovation policy, if at all, as an “appendix” to research policy. The purpose of this article is to answer the following four questions:1. Has Swedish innovation policy recently become more holistic?2. Has the Swedish National Innovation Council (NIC) had a role in the transition towards a holistic innovation policy?3. Have conceptual specifications and advancements played a role in the changes in Swedish innovation policy?4. Can the Swedish NIC serve as a role model for other countries and regions in their attempts to initiate and govern a holistic innovation policy? 相似文献
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基于我国基础研究政策的实践,结合典型案例,分析政策企业家推动我国基础研究政策变迁的策略和途径。研究结果表明,政策企业家通过创新政策观念、界定和建构政策问题、推动政策议程建立、评估政策执行过程和效果等途径,积极促进基础研究政策变迁。政策企业家在推进基础研究政策变迁时主要采取借助个人的优势资源、率先进行政策试点、向权力部门提交议案、直接致信政府决策层以及借助公众舆论压力等多种策略。 相似文献
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《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):63-82
Nowadays the governments of industrialised countries, in the presence of reduced public resources, have to assign clear objectives to public research laboratories to increase the competitiveness of firms. The purpose of this article is to analyse the public research bodies of the National Research Council of Italy in order to pinpoint the main typologies operating in the national system of innovation (NSI). This research shows four main types of research institutes as drivers of NSI. The results can supply useful information to policy makers on the behaviour of these structures and on their strengths and weaknesses. 相似文献
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Demand is a major potential source of innovation, yet the critical role of demand as a key driver of innovation has still to be recognised in government policy. This article discusses public procurement as one of the key elements of a demand-oriented innovation policy. The paper starts by signaling the new significance of public procurement for innovation policy strategies at the EU level and in a range of European countries. It then defines the concept of public procurement and embeds this concept within a taxonomy of innovation policies. The rationales and justifications of public procurement policies to spur innovation are discussed, followed by a consideration of the challenges and potential pitfalls as well as appropriate institutional arrangements and strategies, including some recent empirical examples of good practice. It concludes by confronting the public procurement approach with two of the most common objections to it and by considering future prospects. 相似文献
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当前科技创新政策呈体系化发展,已逐渐成为独立的政策部类。研究提出科技创新政策体系框架并推动形成共识,是支撑政策研究和政策实践的理论基础,也是推动政策制定、交流、评价和实施的保障。本文基于理论分析和对比研究,在公共政策范畴中,围绕研发系统和技术经济系统厘清科技创新政策体系的范畴及与其他经济社会政策的关联;并探讨从政策分析、政策制定、政策执行、政策目标四视角提出了科技创新政策体系框架结构,（1）从政策分析视角,按照政策类型分为强制性政策、宏观战略和落地实施政策;（2）从政策制定视角,按照政策工具类型分为供给面、需求面和环境面政策;（3）从政策执行视角,按照创新主体类型分为政府、企业、公共研发机构等类型政策;（4）从政策目标视角,按照价值导向分为经济目标和社会目标导向政策。 相似文献
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公共政策过程理论是公共政策分析的基础模式,通过不同的政策阶段可以对公共政策有比较系统的分析。我国石油技术标准作为一种公共政策,它的制定过程反映了我国公共政策制定的一些特点,本文通过石油清洁生产标准的案例,对我国石油标准的制定过程和利益博弈进行分析,最后对我国的技术标准制定提出有关建议。 相似文献
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在大数据快速发展的背景下，制定科学、合理的大数据政策体系，支撑大数据高质量发展变得日益迫切。本文通过构建“政策工具-政策主题词”二维分析框架，对2000年以来国家层面有关大数据发展的政策文本进行了分析，从大数据政策的演进脉络、政策关系网络、政策主题词演进态势以及政策工具的使用情况等四个方面探究了大数据政策文本内容。研究结果表明：我国大数据政策发展，大致经历了从强调基础设施建设到关注产业培育与创新，再到构建大数据政策体系的发展过程。在发展的不同阶段，政策主题词与当时的经济、社会、国际环境密切相关。目前我国已经初步建立起大数据政策网络体系，但整体还处于初步发展阶段，大数据政策的顶层设计还不健全，现有政策工具中知识产权保护类政策工具和政府采购类政策工具使用较少等，仍需要进一步加强完善。 相似文献