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跨学科研究发展状况评估体系初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1 问题的提出
由于跨学科研究利用多种学科的知识来解决重大的科技、经济、社会问题，满足了人类和社会的重要需求，当今世界各国都十分重视跨学科研究，我国学者经过几十年的努力对跨学科研究的发展也做出了重要贡献。但是在我国这样一个“学科”意识比较强的国度里，跨学科研究的开展仍然受到主观、客观因素的限制。从对国家自然科学基金委员会地理和地球物理两个学科一般性项目与跨学科项目获资助情况调查，1996年地理学科面上项目申请总数667项（其中跨学科项目116项），资助总数为99项（其中跨学科项目15项），总批准率为14.6％，跨学科项目批准率为12.9％；地球物理学科面上项目申请总数为309项（其中跨学科项目18项）总批准率为19.7％，跨学科项目批准率为15.7％。显然，跨学科项目的批准率要低于一般性项目的批准率。而且我们从国内外对跨学科研究发展的分析与研究的文献报道来看都是定性的，缺乏定量分析，缺少一套较科学、完善的评价指标体系，这样不利于跨学科研究的发展，不利于学科的发展，导致跨学科研究项目申请受阻。为了系统而有效地揭示我国跨学科研究发展状况、掌握和了解我国在新兴学科领域或具有跨学科研究性质领域的跨学科研究发展水平，为有关部门制定学科组织管理政策提供量的依据，建立跨学科研究发展状况评估体系，对我国跨学科研究发展水平进行动态评估是十分重要的。 相似文献
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跨学科团队评价指标体系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
世界上一流的研究型大学都把发展＂交叉学科＂和促进＂学科交叉＂放在重要位置,各种形式的跨学科团队已经成为研究型大学的重要研究力量。通过分析优秀跨学科团队的关键因素,运用模糊层次分析法和模糊评价理论构建跨学科团队评价指标体系,可以促进高校跨学科团队的建设。 相似文献
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跨学科研究中学科交叉度的定量分析探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
跨学科研究已成为当今科学研究的一大热点,而对于跨学科现象的理论和实践研究却落后于跨学科研完本身.从文献计量的角度对跨学科进行研究是一个重要的途经,这有利于对跨学科研究的属性和结构获得大致的了解和把握.在总结和回顾跨学科研究的历史、概念和方法的基础上,通过基于文献计量的跨学科研究和学科交叉度的相关成果和理论的深入研究,比较分析了主要的学科交叉度指标,提出了跨学科研究理论和实践方面的若干思考和建议. 相似文献
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学科交叉的研究成果不断增加，需要科技期刊编辑把握住这个重要契机，利用多样手段获取信息，及时了解和掌握各学科研究的动态和发展趋势，挖掘这个具有跨学科特点的、有巨大潜力的优质稿源；真正实现多学科专业、不同研究方向的专家审稿；重视多学科交叉研究的组稿、选稿，有计划地约稿；吸引跨学科的作者，优化作者队伍，扩大作者群和读者群，促使读者群和作者群之间形成良性的循环和互动；以多种途径大力宣传所登载的学科交叉研究成果，如各种形式的电子版、网络版，专辑、特刊，可供国际交流的英文短篇集，以及针对特定地区、特定层次的读者而采取的相应出版形式等。 相似文献
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跨学科测度指标体系的构建研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过理论研究、数学论证和对前人研究成果的借鉴等方法,深度分析了多学科度、专业度、学科交叉度和合作度四种计量指标,继而构建了以学科交叉度为核心的包含十个测度公式的跨学科测度指标体系.最后着重研究了多学科度和学科交叉庹的异同点. 相似文献
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学科交叉融合是推进科学研究重大成果、创新人才涌现和引领全球科技前沿发展的核心举措。该文基于学科交叉融合的特点和作用,探索面向应用型和创新型人才培养的学科交叉融合思路,进而阐述以跨学科协同创新为导向的人才培养措施,并进一步提出基于学科交叉融合的应用型人才培养机制,为应用型高校人才培养体系的建设和完善提供有益参考。 相似文献
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跨学科研究因其在解决复杂性问题方面的特殊优势受到学术界的广泛推崇。在评价跨学科研究成果时,却因其处于不同学科的边缘交叉地带,评价专家难于选择。文章基于跨学科研究特性,从理论的角度探讨了跨学科研究同行评议方法的改进路径。 相似文献
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【目的/意义】跨学科输入知识是指其他学科（跨学科）的知识被目标学科多次引用,并逐渐成为目标学科的研究内容,刺激知识创新与生长,进而促进学科发展。因此,识别跨学科输入知识,测量其对目标学科发展的影响力,有利于分析学科进步的跨学科来源及作用力大小,有利于把握学科创新发展的现状与趋势。【方法/过程】基于跨学科引用,从跨学科输入知识在目标学科的研究热度、研究广度、研究深度3个方面,构建跨学科输入知识对目标学科发展的影响力模型,测度影响力程度。并以图书情报学跨学科程度较高的6种期刊数据为研究对象进行实证研究。【结果/结论】通过影响力模型,测量跨学科输入知识对图书情报学的影响力大小,并根据趋势分析法将跨学科知识的影响力趋势分为上升型、稳定型和下降型。【创新/局限】本文构建跨学科知识对学科发展的影响力模型并验证其有效性,后续将进一步分析跨学科知识对目标学科的作用点,识别跨学科知识生长点。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献