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气象灾害适应性行为已经成为稳定苹果种植户收入,促进苹果产业可持续发展的重要举措。本文利用陕西、山东、甘肃和河南4个苹果主产省的45个村庄与931个农户调查数据,采用分层模型对苹果种植户气象灾害适应性行为进行研究。结果表明：96.67%的样本农户苹果生产受到气象灾害影响,其中85.92%的农户采用了适应性行为,但对包括覆膜、防冻剂等新型适应性措施的采用比例较低;村庄和农户层次的因素共同影响苹果种植户适应气象灾害的行为;村庄层次的苹果种植面积占比、基础设施供给情况,农户层次的户主风险类型、家庭规模、生产特征等因素正向影响农户采取适应性行为,而县年平均温度负向影响农户采取适应性行为;农户采取事前预防性行为和补救性行为的村庄与农户层次的影响因素存在较大差异。 相似文献
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通过实证研究了职场排斥、组织支持感和自我效能感对我国知识型员工角色内、外行为的影响机理。结论表明:职场排斥对员工角色内和角色外行为都具有直接负向的显著影响;组织支持感在职场排斥与员工角色内行为和角色外行为间关系起到部分中介作用;自我效能感调节在职场排斥与员工角色内行为和角色外行为间关系起到调节作用。 相似文献
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雇佣关系随着时代而改变,员工不再被动地接受组织的目标与要求,而是主动挑战其所处的组织环境。当前研究已证实前摄型人格通过指向自我的前摄性行为对员工绩效产生积极影响,但指向组织环境的前摄性行为与员工绩效间的关系尚不明确。基于此,研究关注个性化交易和员工创新行为两种指向组织环境的前摄性行为在前摄型人格与角色内绩效间的影响及两者的联系。通过对中国多地区多行业的227个样本的实证分析发现:前摄型人格正向影响角色内绩效、个性化交易和员工创新行为;员工创新行为在前摄型人格和角色内绩效间起到部分中介;个性化交易因与角色内绩效负相关而抑制了前摄型人格对角色内绩效的积极影响,但正向预测员工创新行为。 相似文献
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权力需要、组织承诺与角色外行为的关系研究——基于组织文化的调节效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了个体高层次需要——权力需要对个体组织承诺和角色外行为的影响与组织文化对权力需要影响组织承诺关系的调节作用.在采集样本基础上,分析结果表明:(1)个体权力需要对其角色外行为产生正向影响;(2)个体权力需要对其组织承诺——情感承诺和规范承诺产生正向影响、对持续承诺没有显著影响;(3)情感承诺与规范承诺在权力需要影响角色外行为关系中起部分中介作用;(4)组织文化调节权力需要与规范承诺之间的关系,而在权力需要与情感承诺关系中的调节效应不显著. 相似文献
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主动变革行为是员工促进组织功能性变革的建设性行为,是一种积极主动的组织公民行为,本研究基于社会认同理论探索了中国情境下精神型领导与主动变革行为的关系。来自38个中小科技型企业中58个研发团队的229名研发人员与其团队领导的匹配数据发现,精神型领导可通过影响组织内员工内部人身份感知对其主动变革行为产生间接作用,并且该作用大小受到组织内关系人力资源管理实践与员工角色宽度自我效能的影响。结果表明当关系人力资源管理实践程度低,角色宽度自我效能水平较高时,间接作用显著,即组织内员工最有可能从事主动变革行为,跨层次双阶段被调节的中介作用得到验证,该研究结论具有积极的理论价值及实践意义。 相似文献
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本研究试图在中国服务性企业情境下,针对最适用于服务性企业的公仆型领导方式,运用个别深入访谈法,对公仆型领导视角下有效的追随行为特征进行初步的探索性研究。通过对25名任职于服务性企业的各级管理人员的调研发现,公仆型领导视角下的有效追随行为包括主人翁行为、合作行为、服务导向行为、主动性行为、学习行为、建言行为、为人正直、甘于奉献等8个维度,其中,主动性行为、主人翁行为和合作行为是公仆型领导视角下最重要的追随行为特征;服务导向行为是服务性企业情境下特有的、公仆型领导需要的有效追随行为特征。本研究丰富了现有的有效追随行为理论研究内容,为学术界进一步研究特定企业情境和特定领导方式下的有效追随行为提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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创新视角的组织公民行为及其相关概念探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
组织公民行为被认为是组织有效运作的重要因素之一,它是近年来组织行为学研究的热点问题.随着组织公民行为研究的发展,出现了很多与之相近或相似的概念,例如角色外行为、组织自发性以及关系绩效等.这些概念的出现一度使得该领域的众多研究者产生混乱和疑惑.本文将在总结组织公民行为研究现状的基础上,对上述概念的来源、涵义以及相关实证研究进行比较和辨析,理清它们之间的关系,并在创新视角下提出未来的几个研究方向. 相似文献
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依据社会认知理论以及马斯洛需求层次理论探究了组织创新氛围与授权型领导对知识型员工创新行为的跨层次影响路径.提出知识型员工创新行为的影响因素.研究发现,组织创新氛围与授权型领导正向影响知识型员工的创新行为,心理契约在组织创新氛围与授权型领导对知识型员工创新行为的作用路径中起中介作用,且主动性人格正向调节知识型员工心理契约与创新行为的路径;组织层次与团队层次对知识型员工的创新行为提升产生激励作用. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献