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1.
Most research on admissions criteria has shown that academic admissions variables are generally not related to counseling skills before, during, or after training. On the other hand, substantial research has demonstrated a good predictive relationship between some nonintellective variables and counseling skills and performance. An admissions model was developed in the Department of Counselor Education at Boston University that included standardized intellective and nonintellective variables. The admissions “scores” of three groups of subjects were tested against levels of performance on a tape-test of three counseling skills. It was found that linear combinations of grade point average, quality of undergraduate college, major area of study, and recommendations and work experience were generally unrelated to pre- or posttraining ratings of empathy, respect, and genuineness. New variables based on Carkhuff's Counseling Simulation Inventory were added to the admissions equation and significantly raised the predictive power of the admissions score. Implications and further research are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Dr. Kenneth M. Wilson 《Research in higher education》1980,13(1):23-47
This study examines the validity of standard admissions variables for predicting the long-term performance of minority and nonminority students in one state university. Special attention is given to what may be termed a late-bloomer hypothesis, according to which minority students may be expected to show relatively greater improvement in performance following the freshman year than their nonminority classmates. This hypothesis derives from the plausible argument that minority students face unique problems of adjustment to college which adversely affect their first-year but not their long-term performance. The predictive validity of admissions variables was found to be higher for minority than for nonminority students regardless of the criterion under consideration, and somewhat higher for longer-term cumulative GPA than for shorter-term GPA. Minority and nonminority students were more sharply differentiated by overall cumulative undergraduate GPA than by first-year GPA, inconsistent with the late-bloomer hypothesis. 相似文献
3.
J. Daniel House 《Research in higher education》1995,36(4):473-490
The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive relationship between initial student attitudes, admissions test scores, years of high school math taken, and subsequent achievement in introductory college chemistry. Included in this study was a sample of 179 students who began as new freshmen during the same fall semester and took an introductory chemistry course during their first year of college. The results of this study indicated that noncognitive variables were significant predictors of student performance. These findings also indicated that, for some types of academic outcomes, noncognitive variables may be better predictors of achievement than traditional measures such as admissions test scores. 相似文献
4.
Brigid M. Noonan William E. Sedlacek Suthakaran Veerasamy 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(6):463-469
ABSTRACT As community colleges have more applicants, more programs have turned to selective admissions. Additionally, good postmatriculation advising requires more useful assessments than have been possible employing such measures as prior grade-point average (GPA). A variety of problems have been identified in relying on GPA. A series of noncognitive variables, as measured by the Noncognitive Questionnaire (NCQ), were included in a study of 263 community college students in health sciences programs at a western community college. NCQ scores were related to college grades using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Results showed modest but statistically significant relationships with community college grades. The NCQ scales of Community, Leadership and Strong Support Person contributed most to multiple-regression Equations predicting college grades. NCQ scales tended to correlate highest with early and late community college grades. While students in the study had mean NCQ scores similar to normative samples, they tended to be lowest on Community, which was most predictive of their performance. It is recommended that a predicted GPA generated from NCQ scores be added to the admissions criteria for health programs at the college, and that pre and postmatriculation advising programs include use of noncognitive variables. 相似文献
5.
Javier Touron 《Higher Education》1987,16(3):257-266
This article focuses on the predictive values of certain academic variables, high school ranks and admission tests, as related to grades at the end of the first year of the Licenciate in Medicine in Spain. Multiple regression equations were calculated for each first year subject. Multiple R values ranged from 0.41 to 0.61 which implies explained variance percentages of 16.5 and 37.5. The best predictor was found to be the high school grade point average in science courses, the global examination and the admission test average. The importance of taking into account these variables in the admission process is considered. Also the inclusion of some aptitudinal variables is discussed. Finally the need to establish prediction performance tables to be used in the counselling process of admitted students is considered.This is based on a paper presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the Spanish Society for Medical Education held at Zaragoza on 26–27 October 1984. 相似文献
6.
Guido Makransky Philip Havmose Maria Louison Vang Tonny Elmose Andersen Tine Nielsen 《高等教育研究与发展》2017,36(5):1003-1016
The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive validity of a two-step admissions procedure that included a cognitive ability test followed by multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) used to assess non-cognitive skills, compared to grade-based admissions relative to subsequent drop-out rates and academic achievement after one and two years of study. The participants consisted of the entire population of 422 psychology students who were admitted to the University of Southern Denmark between 2010 and 2013. The results showed significantly lower drop-out rates after the first year of study, and non-significant lower drop-out rates after the second year of study for the admission procedure that included the assessment of non-cognitive skills though the MMI and the admissions test. Furthermore, this admission procedure resulted in a significant lower risk of failing the final exam after the first and second year of study, compared to the grade-based admissions procedure. Finally, students admitted through the MMI and the admissions test scored significantly higher on academic learning self-efficacy and critical thinking compared to students selected by grades. The implications for higher education admissions are discussed. 相似文献
7.
The prevalence of homeschooling in the United States is increasing. Yet little is known about how commonly used predictors of postsecondary academic performance (SAT, high school grade point average [HSGPA]) perform for homeschooled students. Postsecondary performance at 140 colleges and universities was analyzed comparing a sample of traditional students matched to a sample of 732 homeschooled students on four demographic variables, HSGPA, and SAT scores. The matched sample was drawn from 824,940 traditional students attending the same institutions as the homeschooled students, which permitted a very precise level of matching. This comparison did not show a difference in first‐year college GPA (FGPA) or retention between homeschooled and traditional students. SAT scores predicted FGPA and retention equally well for both groups, but HSGPA was a weaker predictor for the homeschooled group. These results suggest that, among college students, those who were homeschooled perform similarly to traditionally educated students matched on demographics and academic preparedness, but there are practical implications for college admissions in the use of HSGPA versus standardized test scores for homeschooled students. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):208-212
Abstract The present study examines whether academic admission variables and the medical school admission interview are predictive of scores on a measure of ethical reasoning administered during the first year of medical school. Results of a stepwise‐regression analysis suggest that principled ethical thinking, as measured by Rest's (1979) Defining Issues Test, is only negligibly assessed in the admissions process. The results also indicate that the admissions interview neither contributed to the prediction of students’ principled thinking nor was it significantly correlated with principled thinking. Implications of this finding are discussed. Although the frequency and importance of ethical considerations in patient care are generally acknowledged, future work needs to address the philosophical issue of whether ethical thinking should be formally assessed in the admissions process. 相似文献
9.
L P Prater 《Exceptional children》1992,59(2):141-149
Competing demands of school and home can thrust adolescent mothers into stressful situations. Meeting the requirements to achieve academically can be a challenge, especially for students previously identified as "slow learners." These students may conclude that academic achievement is an impossibility. How can special educators and service providers help? What environmental variables affect these young mothers' learning capabilities? This study used a case study research approach to study 10 African-American adolescent mothers who were already at risk of dropping out of school programs. Successful strategies to keep these students in school include school-based clinics, teacher training, sex education, and school-community support. 相似文献
10.
The study examined the predictive value of adolescents’ personality trait ratings by different groups of informants in explaining academic achievement [grade point average (GPA)] while controlling for students’ sex and their mothers’ education. The Inventory of Child/Adolescent Individual Differences was employed as a measure of students’ personality traits at the end of elementary schooling (mean age = 14.7 years) and two years later when the participants attended secondary schools. The trait ratings were obtained through self‐, maternal and peer reports at both measurement occasions. They explained substantial portions of unique variance in the students’ GPA concurrently, and over time. Ratings by each of the three groups of informants had an incremental validity over one another in predicting school grades. Among personality variables, conscientiousness and low extraversion were consistently predictive of GPA. 相似文献
11.
Christina M. Norris Julia E. Morris Geoffrey W. Lummis 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2292-2308
ABSTRACTAccording to international benchmarks [Thomson, S., Wernert, N., O'Grady, E., & Rodrigues, S. (2017). TIMSS 2015: Reporting Australia's results. Retrieved from Camberwell, Victoria: www.acer.edu.au/timss], Australia’s science education is still in decline and so the need for further investigation into preservice teachers is warranted. Utilising data from a broader mixed methods doctoral study [Norris, C. M. (2017). Exploring the impact of postgraduate preservice primary science education on students’ self-efficacy. Retrieved from http://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2040], this paper investigates the type of science learner entering into postgraduate preservice primary teacher education and how different learner types influence teacher self-efficacy and their effectiveness to teach science [Bleicher, R. (2009). Variable relationships among different science learners in elementary science-methods courses. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 7(2), 293–313. doi:10.1007/s10763-007-9121-8]. In this study, data was derived from a modified STEBI-B questionnaire and focus group discussions that provided a deeper insight into the survey data. Participants (N?=?274) were from a one-year Australian Graduate Diploma of Education Primary (GDEP) program. Bleicher’s (2009) research on ‘science learner types’, which included Fearful, Disinterested, Successful and Enthusiastic learners, was used as a theoretical framework to categorise the participants. The study identified a new type of learner (Not Clearly Identifiable, n?=?68), located in the middle of the other four categories, where individuals’ attitudes and beliefs towards science had changed due to life experiences between secondary school and their GDEP program. Statistical analysis showed science learner types did influence participants’ science teaching self-efficacy (STSE), giving suggestions for how this may affect tertiary teacher education courses. 相似文献
12.
Survey data from 458 former health science graduate students were examined for correlations between variables that might be used in selecting research training award recipients and successful training outcome defined as a highly productive research career. Scores on six research outcome variables were used to cluster respondents into two groups: active and less-active researchers. After exploring factors underlying thirteen predictor variables, discriminant analysis was employed to identify predictive strength. There were no significant direct or indirect correlations between posttraining research activity and either the overall undergraduate academic grade of respondents or the amount of encouragement they received from the sponsors of their graduate award applications. An additional seven variables also showed no significant correlation with research career outcome. They were science hobbies as a child; undergraduate prizes and awards; summers spent in research; undergraduate publications; prestige and research orientation of undergraduate environment; and prestige of graduate institution. Four variables that showed promise as useful indicators of posttraining research activity were investigative personality; research orientation of the graduate environment; focused energy personality; and, to a lesser extent, preuniversity interest in science. 相似文献
13.
Susan M. Johnson Stephanie B. King 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(10):687-690
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate differences in baccalaureate degree attainment among transfer students with associate’s degrees, transfer students without associate’s degrees, and university-native students. The study also investigated if demographic characteristics or academic preparation characteristics (i.e., transfer cumulative grade point average [GPA], transfer hours earned, cumulative overall grade point average, and cumulative credit hours earned) predicted graduation rates. Participants included transfer students from all community colleges and native students from one university in one southeastern state. The study utilized a causal-comparative research design. The chi-square test of independence was used to determine if differences in graduation rates existed, and logistic regression was used to determine if demographic characteristics and academic preparation predicted graduation rates. Community college students graduated at higher rates than native students. The academic preparation variables made a significant contribution in the prediction of graduation, with the strongest predictor being the cumulative overall GPA. 相似文献
14.
Extensive research has examined the validity and fairness of standardized tests in academic admissions. However, due to their underrepresentation in higher education, American Indians have gained much less attention in this research. In the present study, we examined for American Indian students (1) group differences on SAT scores, (2) the predictive and incremental validity of SAT over high school grades, (3) the effect of socioeconomic status on SAT validity, (4) differential prediction in the use of SAT scores, and (5) potential omitted variables that could explain differential prediction for American Indian students. Results provided evidence of predictive and incremental validity of SAT scores, and the validity of SAT scores was largely independent of socioeconomic status. Overprediction was found when using SAT scores to predict college performance and it was reduced when including high school grades as an additional predictor. This study provides substantial evidence of the validity and fairness of SAT scores for American Indians. 相似文献
15.
The primary goal of this study was to examine the science process skill of prediction using qualitative research methodology. The think-aloud interview, modeled after Ericsson and Simon (1984), let to the identification of 63 program exploration and prediction behaviors. The performance of seven formal and seven concrete operational high-school biology students were videotaped during a three-phase learning sequence on water pollution. Subjects explored the effects of five independent variables on two dependent variables over time using a computer-simulation program. Predictions were made concerning the effect of the independent variables upon dependent variables through time. Subjects were identified according to initial knowledge of the subject matter and success at solving three selected prediction problems. Successful predictors generally had high initial knowledge of the subject matter and were formal operational. Unsuccessful predictors generally had low initial knowledge and were concrete operational. High initial knowledge seemed to be more important to predictive success than stage of Piagetian cognitive development. Successful prediction behaviors involved systematic manipulation of the independent variables, note taking, identification and use of appropriate independent-dependent variable relationships, high interest and motivation, and in general, higher-level thinking skills. Behaviors characteristic of unsuccessful predictors were nonsystematic manipulation of independent variables, lack of motivation and persistence, misconceptions, and the identification and use of inappropriate independent-dependent variable relationships. 相似文献
16.
17.
《Learning and individual differences》2006,16(2):101-127
The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is the most widely used measure of managerial potential in MBA admissions. GMAT scores, although predictive of grades in business school, leave much of the variance in graduate school performance unexplained. The GMAT also produces disparities in test scores between groups, generating the potential for adverse impact in the admissions process. We sought to compensate for these limitations by adding measures of practical intelligence to the admissions process in an MBA program. We developed two approaches to measuring practical intelligence, one knowledge-based and the other skill-based. We administered the resulting measures to two samples of incoming MBA students (total N = 792). Across the two studies, we found that scores on both measures predicted success inside and outside the classroom and provided small, yet significant, increments beyond GMAT scores and undergraduate GPA in the prediction of variance in MBA performance. We further found that these measures exhibited less disparity across gender and racial/ethnic groups than did the GMAT. These findings, although preliminary, suggest the potential value of considering a broader range of abilities in admissions testing. 相似文献
18.
Joe L. Saupe 《Research in higher education》1992,33(1):85-98
A procedure for smoothing the proportions of a double-entry expectancy table is described. The product of the procedure is a nomograph from which can be read expectancies from combinations of values of two predictor variables. The nomograph might be used in admissions advising or in establishing standards for the admission of freshman students. The procedure is used to construct nomographs for predicting proportions of freshman-year grade point averages greater than or equal to 2.0 and for proportions greater than or equal to 3.0 from high school class percentile ranks and ACT composite scores for a sample of first-time freshmen. Effects of sample size and of the minimum size of groups of students used in estimating nomograph curves on the stability of the curves are examined. Suggestions for additional work on deriving expectancy nomographs are given.Presented at the Thirty-First Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, San Francisco, May 26–29, 1991. 相似文献
19.
This study investigates the establishment and benefits of the comprehensive admissions type recently introduced into Korean universities. We analyse undergraduate students' academic achievement and career readiness across three different admissions types in a medium‐sized university: rolling, comprehensive and regular. First, a series of mixed ANOVAs examined longitudinal changes for academic achievement and a set of ANOVAs found differences for academic achievement, within each semester. Specifically, students admitted via comprehensive admissions were found to have grade point averages (GPAs) similar to students admitted via regular admissions. Second, two‐way MANOVA examined students' career readiness by admissions type and academic standing. Students admitted through comprehensive admissions were found to exhibit a higher level of career readiness across academic years. The implications for admissions types in Higher Education are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Robert Sweet 《Distance Education》1986,7(2):201-213
The primary purpose of this study was to validate Tinto's theoretical model of student dropout in a distance education programme enrolling adult students. The variables used in adapting the model to the distance education situation were consistent with accepted definitions of the essential elements in Tinto's model: student background characteristics, academic and social integration, goal satisfaction, institutional commitment, and the criterion, student dropout. The study surveyed 356 students enrolled in university‐level courses at The Open Learning Institute (OLI) located in Richmond, British Columbia. Discriminant and path analyses were the basic statistical procedures used to assess the predictive validity of the model and determine the pattern of association among model variables. Previous validation studies of Tinto's model suggested social integration factors would have little effect on dropout behaviour among non‐traditional student groups. However, in the present study, direct telephone contact between faculty and students significantly influenced student commitment and persistence. Overall, the Tinto model appears to be a useful framework within which to investigate the process of student attrition‐persistence in a distance education institution. 相似文献