共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Anne Pedersen Paul Pedersen 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1989,12(4):299-307
The Cultural Grid suggests a structure for interpreting a person's behavior in the context of culturally learned expectations. When two persons' expectations are similar, but their behaviors are dissimilar, cross cultural misunderstanding is likely to result. When their expectations are dissimilar, the result is likely to be a personal misunderstanding even though their behaviors are similar. This article introduces a framework for differentiating personal and cultural differences in the interview which is essential for appropriate multicultural counseling. The alternatives are to allow apparent and obvious cultural differences to mask underlying personal differences or to incorrectly assume that two persons who appear culturally similar are having a personal disagreement. 相似文献
2.
Joyce Hickson Susan Kriegler 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1991,14(2):141-154
Apartheid has negatively affected the lives of all South African children but its effects have been particularly devastating for black children. The consequences of poverty, racism and violence have resulted in psychological disorders, and a generation of maladjusted children may be the result. This article describes the trauma associated with growing up in a divided society and the childshock caused by political unrest and a society in the throes of major social transition. Although the present mental health system is grossly inadequate, hopefully the dismantling of apartheid, social reconstruction and innovative counseling approaches will in time promote the psychological well-being of all South Africa's children. 相似文献
3.
Albert H. Yee 《Educational Psychology Review》1992,4(1):95-132
Although Asian Americans today are lauded as a model minority and Asian students are praised as whiz kids, racial prejudice toward Asians is as true today as it was in the past. American stereotypes of Asians appear characterized by persistent perceptual homogeneity and attitude-behavior inconsistencies. This review aims to: (a) display and analyze the basic stereotype toward Asians, (b) hypothesize an explanation for the basic Asian stereotype, (c) examine the Asian student stereotype by analyzing three factors commonly used to account for the achievement of Asian students, and (d) provide suggestions for research. Arguments for Asians' inherited advantages in IQ and cognitive abilities appear to be questionable. However, the factor of family encouragement and support as well as the work ethic and drive for education factor are found to be advantageous and disadvantageous to achievement, depending on how they are applied. The article discusses homogeneity-heterogeneity of perceptions, attitude-behavior consistency, achievement motivation, parent-child social interaction, mental health, and counseling needs relative to Asian students. 相似文献
4.
In 2001, for the first time in the history of the International Association for Counselling, International Conference was held in a developing Asian country–India, with the theme Families in Transition–Counselling in Transition–Meeting the Challenges Ahead. This special issue contains some of the presentations made by Indian participants during this conference which best reflect the challenges and diversities of counseling efforts with families in India. The first article was specially written for this issue in order to give an international relationship of this journal an in depth contextual understanding of Indian families in transition and the challenges they pose to the contemporary Indian counselor. Two articles are reflected to counseling families affected by socio-politial and economic changes. Five authors have written on counseling related to physical and mental disability/addiction and last two articles are reflected to authors experiences as family counselors. 相似文献
5.
Larry D. Yore John O. Anderson James A. Shymansky 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2005,16(1):65-88
This case study of a midwestern school districts reform effort explored the treatment fidelity of the Science: Parents, Activities, and Literature (Science PALs) project. Data were collected from the perspectives of three stakeholders: students, school district, and parents. Students and school district supervisors perceptions indicated that teachers were implementing predicted curricular and instructional features promoted by the Science PALs project. Students perceptions of their current teachers classroom performance did not parallel the supervisors perceptions of the teachers implementation. Parents perceptions and comments indicated a high level of satisfaction with the implemented features. Collectively, the three perspectives suggest that the Science PALs project was successful in changing the classroom practices of K–6 teachers involved in the professional development. The results of this study appear to support the findings of other recent studies that indicate the need for extended professional development and support to fully implement changes in elementary school science instruction. 相似文献
6.
L. Van Rooijen 《Higher Education》1986,15(3-4):197-209
Second-, fourth- and sixth-year students (N = 536) in the humanities, sciences and medicine at a metropolitan university in Holland completed a questionnaire. It included standard measures of mental health variables, satisfactions, interpersonal orientations, and assessments of the learning environments. Evidence is presented about the reliability and validity of Crombag's College Adaptation Questionnaire (CAQ) to assess adjustment to student life. Internal consistency of adaptation scores was adequate and the association with social desirability responding was negligible. There were no significant differences between the sexes, major fields of study and cohorts. Strong support for convergent validity was obtained. The more adapted the students were, the less they experienced depressive moods, loneliness, and interpersonal helplessness; and the more they were satisfied with their lives in general, with their interpersonal relations in particular, and the more easily they made new contacts. For women students, the less well adapted they were, the more they reported psychosomatic stress symptoms. Adaptation was only weakly associated with social-risk-taking and very weakly, for men only, with problem drinking. Supporting discriminant validity, adaptation was in general only weakly related to the judgments of various facets of the learning environments (instructional climates) in which the students partook.With special thanks to BOVO, the Educational Research Center, University of Leyden: Quod licet BOVis, non licet Iovis. 相似文献
7.
Anne-Marie Bird 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2001,32(2):111-123
Drawing on John Milton's Paradise Lost and on motifs found within Gnostic mythology and the poetry of William Blake, this article explores Philip Pullman's reworking of the Judeo-Christian myth of the Fall. At the centre of this investigation is Dust: a conventional metaphor for human physicality inspired by God's judgment on humanity. This article suggests that Dust is re-presented in the trilogy in a more positive manner through the development of Milton's metaphor of the dark materials into a substance in which good and evil, and spirit and matter—conceptual opposites that form the basis of religious dualism—coexist. 相似文献
8.
Women in higher education 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
Masako Amano 《Higher Education》1997,34(2):215-235
The high level of admissions of women into higher education in Japanis analysed in the context of examining revised views about the highereducation of women resulting from changes in the traditional view of therelationship between higher education and social values. Despite the shiftin womens educational expectations, there is still clear evidence that agender track continues; typically men congregate in four year institutionswhilst women focus on Junior Colleges and on particular courses of studydeemed to be appropriate for women. The gender track is furtherdemonstrated by detailed studies of the Junior College and the WomensCollege. Womens employment opportunities are shown to have been affected byrestrictive attitudes of employers which tended in the past to impose onwomen particular modes of employment. The reasons for the emergence of achange in these attitudes in the latter part of the 1980s are explored andthe impact of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1986 is examined. Thearticle concludes by considering the wider implications for women, both inthe work-place and in society more generally, of these developments. It isnoted that highly educated Japanese women tend to hold more conservativevalues and may see their education as an expression of their social statusrather than a way of increasing their earning power. The recentestablishment of a number of courses in Womens Studies may well have aninfluence upon future developments in ideas about women and higher educationin Japan. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents the findings of a research that examines students perception of the change in the Singapore Education System and how that impacts on their satisfaction and outlook. Analysis of the data obtained through a questionnaire and face-to-face interviews shows that the more favourable the perception of change amongst students, the more favourable is their satisfaction and outlook. The implication for education leaders is that it is important to understand student perception of change because they are the ultimate beneficiary of change. 相似文献
10.
Todd A. DeMitchell 《Journal of Personnel Evaluation in Education》1998,11(3):255-268
The current school reform movement, with its emphasis on teacher professionalism, teacher empowerment, and shared decision making, has challenged teachers unions to develop more collegial relations with school boards. Bob Chase, president of the National Education Association, has called for the union to reinvent itself and to assume responsibility for improving school quality and the quality of the teaching force. This article discusses the development of teachers unions in the 1960s as adversaries of school boards. From the beginning the unions adopted an industrial model of labor relations, one tailored for factories and assembly lines rather than school environments. Today, there are signs that teachers unions are accepting Bob Chases vision of a more professional union, one in which union leaders and school leaders can become public allies in the struggle to improve schools. 相似文献
11.
Counseling theory tends to be White, Western and male in origin and orientation. Culture-specific counseling is proposed as an alternative to cross-cultural and multicultural approaches. In the culture-specific approach, we start with the culture and its peoples and search out natural helping styles. Rather than transforming Western theory to fit a new culture, the effort is to focus on the specifics and needs of that culture. This preliminary study applies anthropological constructs and the methods of microtraining seeking to discover a more culturally sensitive approach to conceptualization of counseling theory, training in counseling skills and knowledge, and in the use of evaluative research techniques. This paper presents the concepts of culture-specific counseling with a case example from the African-Igbo culture. 相似文献
12.
The impact of scienceware and foundations on students' attitudes towards science and science classes
Steven J. Stratford Elizabeth A. Finkel 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》1996,5(1):59-67
In this paper, we describe changes in students' ideas about science classes, attitudes about science, and motivations for studying science, in a classroom designed to support projectbased science learing. Using a survey designed to provide a measure of students' attitudes towards science classes and science, we have compared students enrolled in a traditional high school biology course, with students enrolled in an integrated, project-based science course called Foundations I. Survey responses were analyzed to look at differences between and within two groups of students over the course of one school year. In general, the results of this study suggest that providing students with opportunities to collect and analyze their own data in science classes results in a change in students' ideas about science classrooms. Foundations I students' increased tendency to agree with statements about using information, drawing conclusions, and thinking about problems, implies a change in their understanding of what it means to do science in school. These students, in contrast to students in the traditional Biology course, no longer describe their science experience as one of memorization, textbook reading, and test taking. Instead they see science class as a place in which they can collect data, draw conclusions, and formulate and solve problems. 相似文献
13.
Miles Barker 《Science & Education》2002,11(3):293-304
Scientists' attempts to understand plant functions by ascribing animal functions to plants – the analogist tradition, derived from Aristotle – began to be superseded in Europe by an experimentalist tradition in the seventeenth century. In classrooms today, science students learning about plant functions (exemplified here by the topic of transpiration) face a parallel dilemma: the pitching of their own habitual mental processes of analogy building (enhanced by the suggestive morphology of plants)and the persuasiveness of everyday language (for example, about plants and water)against the new experimental evidence presented by the teacher. In the case oftranspiration, six practical suggestions whereby teachers can support students in thisstruggle to put their thoughts (especially everyday mental models) in accordance withthings (classroom experimental evidence) are advanced. The wider implications forhow we teach about Living Things, and how we view the status of analogies in sciencegenerally, are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Donal A. Dineen 《Higher Education》1992,24(3):391-411
Europeanisation is defined broadly as the range of activities, initiatives, networks or programmes within Irish universities which are based on a European orientation or have some clear European (rather than solely Irish or other international) dimension.This process of Europeanisation has impacted in a variety of ways on Irish universities ranging from the immediately visible student and staff mobility programmes (ERASMUS, ECTS), through the university - industry linkages programmes (COMETT) to participation in pre-competitive research programmes (BRITE, ESPIRIT). It also embraces the more low profile adjustments to curricula and subject content arising from a European dimension or focus, as well as administrative adjustments made.The extent to which Irish universities have been affected by the various EC programmes is outlined and set in a relevant European context, where Ireland accounts for less than 1 percent of the EC's university student body.An important theme in the latter part of the paper is the nature of the way universities themselves are changing (in Ireland and other EC countries). The focus on utilitarianism, lessening dependence on national governments for funding, greater dependence on the market and stronger links to industry are trends which are affecting Irish universities in common with those in other EC countries. This puts pressure on the humanities and the development of the so-called vehicular disciplines within universities which reflect the essence of the critical influence universities should espouse. Universities should be the conscience of society and are in danger of losing their role as the esprit critique of the social systems in which they reside. The focus on relevance can threaten the independence which gives them a unique role in society. Universities (Irish and European) themselves will need to preserve the values which provided them with a millenium or more of sustained influence in European society against external threats. 相似文献
15.
Through our work in mathematics and science education we have observed that students react similarly to a wide variety of conceptually unrelated situations. Our work suggests that many responses which the literature describes as alternative conceptions could be interpreted as evolving from common, intuitive rules. This paper describes and discusses one such rule, manifested when two systems are equal with respect to a certain quantity A but differ in another quantity B. We found that in such situations, students often argue that Same amount of A implies same amount of B. Our claim is that such responses are specific instances of the intuitive rule Same A—same B. This approach explains common sources for students'; conceptions and has strong predictive power.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Sarah Guri-Rozenblit 《Instructional Science》1988,17(3):219-234
This study examined the instructional effectiveness of abstract diagrams and verbal explanations in learning from social science texts, which contained multi-thematic information and were new to the students. Two texts of about 4,000 words each were examined. Each text appeared in four versions, in which the verbal and schematic representations were manipulated. Unlike previous studies conducted on diagrams and other visual devices that are isolated from the broad research on verbal processing, this study incorporates the investigation of the diagrams' functional utility into the broad context of cognitive elaborations applied to text comprehension. 416 students of Everyman's University, the Open University of Israel, participated in the study. The main results indicate that: an explained diagram is more effective than an unexplained one in complex explanations; a diagram, in general, is more effective than a verbal explanation in representing sequential and hierarchical relations; a diagram has a significant effect on active recollection and passive retention; the mode of the text's design and presentation is more influential than the initial verbal and visual aptitudes; and finally, there are no differences between male and female in processing verbal and diagrammatic representations. 相似文献
17.
This paper reports on an investigation into the morphosyntactic processing of second language (L2) learners who differ in terms of language learning experience. The chief area of interest was the relationship of L2 learning patterns and experience to the acquisition of automatized processing skills in the morphological domain. English- and Russian-native speakers of Hebrew as L2 were assessed on their sensitivity to complex morphological structures which do not exist in their respective native languages (L1). The Hebrew word formation rule which was the focus of investigation was the affixation of prepositions to nouns, resulting in single words which are also full prepositional phrases. In both English and Russian, prepositions and nouns in prepositional phrases must be autonomous. Participants named high frequency words of one (e.g., /parah/ cow) and three morphemes (e.g., /bakis/ in the pocket), which were presented in a control condition and also presented in conditions which either preserved or disrupted the natural morpheme boundaries through the manipulation of font-size. In addition to the experimental measure, participants were also asked to read an expositional passage from a popular Israeli newspaper. Results showed that the Russians, although significantly more accurate than the English speakers at text reading, were significantly less accurate and slower than the English at the naming task, and less impaired by the experimental manipulations. The results are discussed in terms of automaticity, print exposure and age of L2 acquisition. 相似文献
18.
This paper discusses the possibility of providing effective counseling for speech-language impaired clients who, due to a communication breakdown, find themselves in a particularly serious predicament marked by isolation and dependency. Its purpose is to highlight the special needs of these clients and to suggest therapeutic strategies suitable for meeting their needs. To promote the idea of an integrative approach to counseling, it will be shown that the counselor, as the key figure in rehabilitation, can coordinate the work of several professionals and contribute in a unique way to the well-being of these individuals. 相似文献
19.
Members of ethnic minority groups experience uncontrollability more than do members of the majority culture. Therefore, they exhibit the deficits associated with learned helplessness which include inhibition of behavioral responses, cognitive deficits (negative expectancies), lowered self-esteem and depressed mood. From the literature of the culture of Black Americans emanates the image of the dream and the interactional style which engenders positive expectancies, reversing apathy and learned helplessness. Building upon the strengths of an ethnic minority by using their indigenous literature to reduce the motivational and cognitive deficits associated with learned helplessness, can make a difference. 相似文献
20.
This study of 681 school counselors in Israel examines how counselors allocate their time between counseling tasks and whether their role behavior can be characterized according to distinctive profiles. Three distinctive profiles of role behavior were identified: The traditional profile (40% of the sample), in which individual counseling to students was prominent; the prevention profile (20% of the sample), in which a guidance curriculum with an emphasis on prevention programs was preva1ent; and the balanced profile (40% of the sample), in which the time devoted to the main counseling responsibilities is allocated in relatively equal proportions. Three variables were found to affect the profiles: the school setting (i.e., level), the principals expectations from the counselor and the counselors personal preferences. The findings of this study can contribute to the effort of defining and clarifying the role and function of school counseling in Israel and other countries. 相似文献