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建构主义学习理论认为知识的获得不是被动接受的,是认知主体积极建构的学习过程.在生物学概念教学中,强调"教师主导、学生主体"的上课方武,教师应运用各种方式激发学生的认知冲突,采取相应的教学策略促进生物学概念转变,帮助学生有效地构建科学概念体系,从而较好地理解和掌握生物学科学概念. 相似文献
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初中物理概念教学中转化前科学概念负迁移的策略 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
初中学生在日常生活以及以往的学习过程中,积累了大量的个体经验,其中有很多认识是与当前的科学概念相违背的,这就是学生头脑中的前科学概念.在初中物理教学中前科学概念的负迁移对学生物理概念的学习具有阻碍作用.为促进物理概念学习,提出以下前科学概念负迁移的转化策略:设疑引发冲突,克服经验错误;加强变式教学,把握概念关键;注重探究实验,否定错误概念;加强正误对比,理解科学概念;适当进行比喻,抽象化为形象;进行逻辑归谬,转化错误概念;开展合作学习,加强小组讨论;相似概念归类,运用促进理解. 相似文献
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负迁移会阻碍新的知识技能的形成,学生学习中经常出现的难点、错误和问题,不少是因为负迁移的规律引起的.初中时学习的"圆的切线"概念,由于负迁移的作用,会对后来学习一般曲线切线的概念产生消极影响,本文通过具体的例子,分析学生在概念理解中出现的各种错误原因,帮助学生正确理解切线概念,形成正确的知识结构. 相似文献
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学生在学习科学课程前,头脑中存在着前科学概念和错误概念,这些概念有很强的顽固性。根据建构主义的观点,学生的错误概念不可能通过传统的知识传授方式由科学概念所代替,而必须依靠学生自己通过概念转变学习,实现由错误概念向科学概念的转变。促进学生前科学概念和错误概念转变的概念转变学习有三步教学策略:揭示学生的前科学概念,这是实现概念转变学习的前提;引发学生的认知冲突,这是实现概念转变学习的契机和动力;鼓励认知顺应,这是实现概念转变学习的关键。 相似文献
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张双喜 《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2000,(2):66-66
一、培养学生理解和运用概念的能力概念是知识的精华,是解决具体问题的钥匙,其重要性不言而喻.学生由于概念不清而造成解题错误的例子屡见不鲜,所以在教学中使学生透彻地理解概念,熟练地掌握概念.灵活地运用概念,是培养各种能力的基础,应该首先抓好. 相似文献
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概念学习一直是科学学习和教学的重要问题。为了帮助学生学习新概念,改变原有的错误概念,研究者和教师开发了各种教学策略。然而有些错误概念仍难于改变。有时,学生可以部分地完成错误概念,但是在教学介入后一段时间,部分的改变也会消失。究其概念难于改变的原因,其中一个就是错误概念不仅仅涉及学生对概念命题本身的理解,更可能要涉及学生对整个物理系统的理解①,近年美国学者Chi等人②③④从概念的本体类别观点出发深入解释为什么有些概念如此强烈地抗拒转变。 相似文献
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许多探讨儿童概念理解的研究发现,儿童并非脑袋空空而是带着许多前概念进入课堂学习情境的.这些前概念是儿童在日常生活中获得的对一些事物或现象的朴素的看法和理解,它们通常模糊而不精确,有合理成分,但也有错误倾向甚至是完全错误的.它们对课堂学习中科学概念的建构既可能产生积极作用,也可能产生负面影响.为提高儿童概念学习的有效性,教师对那些存在于儿童大脑中的潜在错误观念即迷思概念(misconception)可实施诊断教学:在教学过程中及时诊断学生的错误,设法引发认知冲突,造成学生认识上的不平衡,再利用有效的教学策略使学生的认知再度平衡. 相似文献
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在建构主义学习理论影响下,Posner等提出了科学教育中的概念转变理论．该理论认为学生的原有概念常常是难以改变的,进行科学学习的目的就是使原有概念得到发展或转变,“学习就是概念转变”．依据概念转变理论,我们在牛顿力学的教学中注重运用概念转变教学策略,比如以认知冲突和解决冲突为基础的教学策略和以发展学生与科学观点相一致的认识为基础的教学策略, 相似文献
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基于建构主义的数学概念转变学习 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
概念转变学习是学生原有概念的改变、发展和重建,是学生的前概念向科学概念的转变.日常概念、概念意象、迁移等因素是数学概念转变学习中产生错误概念的主要原因.根据概念转变的途径、机制和条件理论,概念转变学习的教学策略:(1)了解学生已有知识经验,促进日常概念向科学的数学概念转变;(2)引发认知冲突,辨清新旧界限以实现数学概念转变学习;(3)重视概念生成的凝聚,构建概念网络. 相似文献
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严海平 《中学数学研究(江西师大)》2006,(7):38-40
概率是一门研究现实世界中广泛存在的随机现象规律性的数学分支,在日常生活、生产和科学技术领域中得到非常广泛的运用,由于概率的思考方式有其自身的特点,学生在刚接触时往往很难把握学习要点,特别是对概率概念的理解及合理运用公式等方面有较大困难,导致解题的错误,本文就概率学习中常见误区通 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help? 相似文献
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《海外英语》2007,(4):36
There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love. 相似文献
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Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject. 相似文献
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Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities. 相似文献
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RUZBEHANI Mohsen 《重庆大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):20-25
1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec… 相似文献
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唐芳 《读与写:教育教学刊》2008,5(6)
During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context. 相似文献