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"模型认知"是科学概念学习和科学探究的思维模式,发展"模型认知"素养有助于深化科学思维和科学能力.本研究从科学模型入手,分析科学模型的涵义和特征;根据教学实际情况,将科学模型赋予学科背景化,探究化学模型的特点和具体教学主题中学生模型认知素养的水平层级表现,提出化学教学中发展学生模型认知素养的有效策略. 相似文献
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BOTASCHANJAN Jewgenij PISTER Markus RUMPE Bernhard 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(5)
INTRODUCTION One main purpose of requirements is to de-scribe the functionality of software. Thus re-quirements often serve as a basis for contracts aswell as for communication between customers anddevelopers. However, they are usually captured innatural language accompanied by a few top-levelinformal drawings like use cases or activity dia-grams that denote the structure of the functional-ities in an abstract way. One disadvantage of naturallanguage is that the developer has to cope with… 相似文献
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This paper discusses a model-based approach to validate software requirements in agile development processes by simulation and in particular automated testing. The use of models as central development artifact needs to be added to the portfolio of software engineering techniques, to further increase efficiency and flexibility of the development beginning already early in the requirements definition phase. Testing requirements are some of the most important techniques to give feedback and to increase the quality of the result. Therefore testing of artifacts should be introduced as early as possible, even in the requirements definition phase. 相似文献
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Planning models in higher education: Historical review and survey of currently available models 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Barbara Lee Bleau 《Higher Education》1981,10(2):153-168
The use of planning models in higher education has been receiving increasing attention in recent years. The article summarizes the planning model literature from its earliest use to the present, emphasizing the generalized resource allocation models. An organizational chart is presented which allows a more specific categorization of models. Several examples of each category are cited from the current literature. Conceptual issues such as implementation, acceptance, suitability and effectiveness are discussed in terms applicable to models in general. The article concludes with an in-depth analysis of the six significant resource allocation models: HELP/PLANTRAN, RRPM, SEARCH, CAMPUS, TRADES, and EFPM. 相似文献
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1 IntroductionItiswellknownthatfluidflowsinsealsandbear ingsturnfromlaminarregimeintoturbulentonewhentheirReynoldsnumberbecomeshigherthanacriticalvalue .Theearliesttheoriesofhydrodynamiclubricationhavebeenbasedonthepresumptionofex istenceoflaminarflowregime .Inturbulentregime ,however ,thecharacteristicsofsealsandbearingsdif ferfromthepredictionsbytheoriessobased .Speciallubricationtheoriesbasedoncontemporaryturbulencemodelssincethelaterhalfof 190 0’swerethereforedevelopedtotaketheeffectsof… 相似文献