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目的:分析长期有氧运动对肥胖人群血脂调节的影响。方法:按照世界卫生组织(WHO)提供的肥胖标准,在某市某学校中选取30名肥胖大学生,将实验对象随机划分成实验组与对照组,各15名。实验组按照训练方法进行15周的有氧训练,同时在第一次和最后依次运动后立即对静脉血测血脂、血胰岛素、皮质醇等生化指标进行测试,另一组作对照,分别在15周前后对两组受试者的体成分、血脂、胰岛素、瘦素进行测试。结果:经15周有氧训练后,实验组体重、体重指数、体脂百分比、体脂含量均显著下降,(P0.05或P0.01),显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),而取值体重略有增高。实验组血清TG、TC、LDL含量显著下降(P0.05或P0.01),HDL含量显著增加(P0.05);和对照组相比,血清TG、TC、LDL含量显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),HDL含量显著升高(P0.05)。实验组血胰岛素水平显著下降,和对照组相比显著降低(P0.01);实验组瘦素水平明显下降,和对照组相比显著降低(P0.05)。结论:长期有氧运动能够促进脂肪的分解代谢,使得血脂中各成分比例更有利于健康,调节肥胖人群内分泌,有助于减肥与身体健康。 相似文献
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目的:分析强污染下运动对心肺功能的影响。方法:选取某市某校大学生志愿者60名,其中男生30名,女生30名,将其随机划分成四组,分别为强污染运动组、强污染对照组、低污染运动组、低污染对照组,每组20人,强污染运动组在强污染环境下进行Bruce方案,强污染对照组不进行运动,但与强污染运动组共同处于强污染环境下,低污染对照组不进行运动,但处于低污染环境下。结果:强污染运动组的安静心率、收缩压、舒张压、脉搏压、心功指数均高于强污染对照组与低污染对照组,且安静心率、脉搏压、心功指数与低污染对照组相比具有显著性差异(P0.05),与强污染对照组相比具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);收缩压与强污染对照组相比具有显著性差异(P0.05)。强污染运动组ESD、EDD、ESV、EDV、MSER以及MVCF均高于强污染对照组和低污染对照组,其中EDV与MVCF和低污染对照组相比,具有显著性差异(P0.05);EDV、MSER与强污染对照组相比,具有显著性差异(P0.05);MVCF与强污染对照组相比具有非常显著性差异(P0.01)。强污染运动组实验后FVC、FEV1、FEF25%-75%、FEF与实验前相比明显增加,且具有非常显著性差异(P0.01);MVV较实验后明显降低,且具有非常显著性差异(P0.01),而强污染对照组与低污染对照组实验前后均无显著性差异。结论:强污染运动下,运动对改善和提高心肺功能具有非常积极的作用。 相似文献
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《科技通报》2015,(9)
目的:研究高强度有氧训练对运动员组织自由基代谢的影响。方法:随机选择某市某体育院校田径队中长跑组二级以上的30名运动员作为研究对象。将其随机划分成高强度有氧训练组和对照组,两组运动员分别按照各自的训练方案进行训练。结果:在高强度有氧训练后,高强度有氧训练组,肝、肾组织的SOD含量和对照组差别不大;心组织的SOD含量与对照组相比显著增大;血清的SOD含量与对照组相比非常显著性增大。高强度有氧运动组肾组织CAT含量高于对照组,但无显著性差异;心、肝组织及血清CAT含量与对照组相比具有非常显著性差异。高强度有氧运动组,心组织和血清中T-AOC含量与对照组相比无统计学意义;肾组织T-AOC含量与对照组相比显著增高;肝组织T-AOC含量与对照组相比呈非常显著性增高。高强度有氧运动组心组织中的MDA含量与对照组相比有所增大;肝、肾组织及血清中的MDA含量较对照组而言有非常显著性差异。高强度有氧运动组血清中CK、BU含量均非常显著高于对照组。高强度有氧运动组心、肝和血清SOD/MDA与对照组相比有非常显著性差异;肾组织与对照组相比无统计学意义。高强度有氧运动组心、肝、肾组织T-AOC/MDA与对照组相比显著升高;血清T-AOC/MDA无统计学意义。结论:高强度有氧训练组运动员阻止自由基代谢能力优于对照组。 相似文献
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目的:初步探讨有氧运动对白色脂肪棕色化的作用,为进一步研究肥胖的预防与治疗提供实验参考依据。方法:用高脂饲料喂养4周龄SD大鼠建立营养性肥胖模型。对造模成功的肥胖SD大鼠进行8周的有氧运动干预,测量其体重与体脂重量,并观察腹股沟白色脂肪组织HE染色结果。结果:运动组大鼠体重与附睾脂肪组织、肾周脂肪组织以及腹股沟脂肪组织的重量均低于肥胖组,且具有显著性差异;观察HE染色结果,运动组SD大鼠腹股沟白色脂肪组织中可见少量棕色脂肪细胞。结论:有氧运动可以降低营养性肥胖SD大鼠的体重和体脂水平,同时有助于白色脂肪棕色化,增加机体耗能,改善肥胖问题。 相似文献
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目的:分析高糖量摄入与运动MDA指标的关系。方法:选取16名运动员,按照年龄、体重、运动级别随机划分成高糖摄入实验组和对照组,补充前后一个月分别进行功率自行车测试,测试总功,对运动员的RBC-GSH-PXRBC-SOD及血浆MDA的含量进行测试,分别测定不同高糖量摄入运动组和对照组中运动员机体血清中丙二醛(MDA含量,并进行运动前后自身对照比较。结果:实验组的总功、总功/LBW较补液前有明显提高(P0.05对照组各项指标均无统计学差异;摄入蔗糖后,安静时RBCMDA的含量两组间仍无显著性差异,实验组运动后即刻RBC-MDA含量明显低于对照组运动后水平(P0.05)实验组运动后RBC-SOD含量无显著性变化,实验组RBC-GSH-Px含量较运动前有明显提高(P0.05)同对照组无差异;摄入蔗糖后实验组RBC-GSH-Px的升高幅度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:高糖量摄入增强运动自由基的代谢水平,提高了运动员的运动能力,抑制运动引发的自由基损伤。 相似文献
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目的:分析过度运动状态下SD大鼠心血管内分泌症状特征。方法:选择雄性SD大鼠40只,依据体重随机划分成安静对照组、中等过度运动组、强过度运动组以及力竭运动组,对于运动组的大鼠,需每天在跑台上完成不同程度的8周过度运动训练,采用仿射免疫法测定大鼠心机细胞中内皮素ET、血管紧张素AGTⅡ、心机细胞膜上受体ETR等内分泌症状特征的变化情况。结果:强过度运动组大鼠的AGTⅡ含量均显著低于安静组(P0.01),力竭运动组大鼠的AGTⅡ含量与安静组无显著性差异;强过度运动组大鼠的ET含量均显著低于安静组大鼠(P0.01);力竭运动组大鼠和中等过度运动组的ET含量和安静组相比并无显著性差异;强过度运动组大鼠的ETR值显著增加(P0.05),力竭运动组大鼠的ETR值显著降低(P0.01);各运动组大鼠的ANP含量和安静组相比均显著增高(P0.05、P0.01),力竭运动组大鼠的ANP含量比安静组显著降低(P0.05)。结论:中等过度运动可明显改善内分泌功能,而过度运动阻碍内分泌系统的功能。 相似文献
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目的:分析小鼠过度运动状态下内分泌症状特征。方法:将小鼠随机分成空白对照组、常规运动组、过度运动组三组,每组各10只,空白对照组每天无任何特殊运动,正常饲养,过度运动组小鼠进行过度训练,常规运动组小鼠在与过度运动组相同的游泳箱中每天进行30 min的游泳训练,持续7 d,测定心系数、收缩压、心率、血浆心钠索、ET、Ang、NO、NOS等指标。结果:和对照组相比,常规运动组和过度运动组小鼠的心脏系数/体重指数变化具有显著性统计学意义。运动后常规运动组和过度运动组的平均血浆心钠素水平均非常显著高于运动前,运动前后常规运动组的平均血浆心钠素量也分别显著高于过度运动组。与对照组相比,常规运动组ET具有显著性差异,Ang具有极显著性差异,过度运动组的Ang显著低于常规运动组。常规运动组与过度运动组与对照组相比,NO、NOS活性均有非常显著性差异,过度运动组小鼠NO活性显著低于常规运动组小鼠,过度运动组小鼠NOS活性低于常规运动组小鼠,但无显著性差异。结论:过度运动状态下,小鼠体内分泌各指标值降低,内分泌系统活力大大降低,紊乱程度增大,使得小鼠机体功能大大减弱。 相似文献
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目的:研究严寒情况下体育运动与中性粒细胞的关系。方法:针对40名某大学体育科学学院男生,分成常温对照组、常温运动组、低温对照组、低温运动组,每次分别测定各组在安静时和游泳运动后,即刻耳血中性粒细胞糖原含量。结果:安静情况下,运动员中性粒细胞糖原阳性率几乎百分之百,低温运动后即刻中性粒细胞阳性率显著降低。常温下运动员中性粒细胞糖原积分较高,低温环境下运动员中性细胞吞噬活动也降低。常温对照组和低温对照的粒细胞较运动前都要显著性提高(P0.05)。结论:严寒环境下体育运动后中性细胞糖原强度积分降低,中性细胞吞噬活动降低,粒细胞糖原明显低于常温运动。 相似文献
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《科技通报》2015,(9)
目的:分析肥胖儿童下肢运动中的异常运动特征。方法:以某市某小学的30名学生为研究对象,将受试者划分为肥胖组和对照组,受试者以一定的角速度完成屈伸运动,各关节进行6次屈伸运动。对所有受试者每个关节最大峰力矩与最大相对峰力矩进行记录及统计。依据Cleveland Clinic法放置反光标记球。实验时要求受试者进行15s静态捕捉,及7个正常步速的步态周期。摄像机采集反光标记球,再利用Vicon Nexus 1.7.1完成自主测量及数据分析,通过Vicon Body Builder求出关节力矩,完成运动学和动力学分析。结果:运动前后肥胖组的身高、体重、BMI均无显著性差异。运动后,肥胖组伸膝绝对肌力、伸膝相对肌力、屈膝相对肌力明显增加,有显著性差异;屈膝绝对肌力、踝背屈绝对肌力、踝趾屈绝对肌力、踝背屈相对肌力、踝趾屈相对肌力非常显著性增加。对照组伸膝绝对肌力及相对肌力均非常显著性下降。肥胖组运动后步幅时间显著下降、步速显著增加,具有统计学意义;对照组运动后步幅时间显著增加,具有统计学意义。运动后肥胖组的髋关节在矢状面活动范围增加,有显著性差异;膝关节在矢状面活动范围降低,有非常显著性差异。肥胖组运动后髋关节的屈力矩增加,有显著性差异。和对照组相比变化值差异有统计学意义。结论:肥胖儿童下肢运动中的异常运动均有所改善。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献