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1.
探索当前国际儿童肥胖症运动疗法研究的特征、趋势及热点内容，为不断推动我国儿童肥胖症运动疗法研究发展提供理论支撑。方法：计算机检索Web of Science、PubMed和EMbase数据库，收集以儿童肥胖与运动疗法为研究主题的科研文献，共1 469篇，借助SATI、SPSS、UCINET等软件对文献进行主题聚类与内容分析。结果：(1)有关儿童肥胖症运动疗法研究的发文量呈逐年递增趋势，发文量最多的国家为美国、英国、加拿大等西方经济发达国家；(2)研究力量主要分布于欧美地区的综合型高等院校之中，高产作者之间形成了6大凝聚力较强的核心科学研究合作集群，但其跨地域和跨机构间的合作交流并不密切；(3)学科领域以体育科学为主导，医学、营养学、内分泌与新陈代谢学、公共环境与职业健康、内科学、护理学、生理学、心理学、教育学、康复学、家庭科学、社会科学、生物医学和环境科学等多学科多领域互相交叉的综合性学科群；(4)研究热点主要围绕有氧运动、抗阻训练、运动与饮食、营养策略以及相关的流行疾病学等5个方面展开。结论：运动疗法在儿童肥胖预防与治疗过程中的应用是当前学者们关注的热点问题。研究热点揭示了当前国际儿童肥胖运动疗法主要内容，即有氧训练、抗阻训练以及有氧与抗阻训练联合的干预策略。其中，抗阻训练在预防和辅助治疗儿童肥胖方面具有较大的潜力和优势。 相似文献
2.
In recent years there has been growing interest over the role of major sport events and the sports industry. The aftermath of 2008 global crisis exposed the myth of ‘end of history’ and raised several questions over the role of management and organisational practices and theories in all aspects of human activity, including sport. This article reviews the emergence of critical management studies (CMS) as a field within management and organisational studies. We focus on critical performativity theory (CPT) as a key concept of re-configuring managerial practices. We add our voices to those asking for more critical output in sport management and point out the potential contribution of CMS in sport and especially of CPT. Finally, we propose ‘student as producer’ as a pedagogical framework to act as a possible basis for incorporating critical theories into higher education teaching. We argue that this framework can contribute significantly towards providing future graduates with the skills and knowledge to enable them to deal with the contemporary challenges of modern sport’s industry and wider society. 相似文献
3.
《International review of sport and exercise psychology》2013,6(2):119-138
The objective of this paper is to review current literature on visual attentional processes in the area of sport expertise. Based on recent findings in neuroscience, attention can be divided into four distinct sub-processes, all of which differ across individuals to varying extents: orienting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and sustained attention. These four sub-processes serve as a heuristic tool to categorize the presented studies. Then, a critical assessment of the merits and limitations of the discussed studies is provided. Following that, conceptual and methodological issues in the field of attention and sport will be discussed. Finally, new potential directions for further research in the field of attention processes and expertise will be presented with a link to other research topics (e.g., motivation, creativity) and disciplines (e.g., developmental psychology). The overall aim is to show that human movement science can use important insights from other branches of the discipline (e.g., social psychology) in order to test and optimize sports training programs. At the same time, though, it is hoped that the use of ecological and complex settings will, in future, enable further development of theoretical models from other disciplines, like general, or developmental psychology. 相似文献
4.
This paper critically examines the assumptions about 'childhood' and 'child development' that inform curriculum construction in school physical education. Drawing on insights from poststructuralist social theory and critical psychological perspectives, the paper argues that developmental discourses have a material life embodied in the institutional practices of school physical education. A New Zealand physical education syllabus is used as an illustrative exemplar of the ways in which developmental imperatives shape the construction of learning goals, design of curriculum experiences and teachers' observations of their students. It is argued that the construction of a normative, hierarchical trajectory for child development categorises, classifies and marginalises groups of children whose developmental patterns differ from those mapped out in the syllabus. The paper concludes by examining the conditions of possibility present in more contemporary physical education syllabi and theory that afford opportunities for thinking about physically educated children differently. 相似文献
5.
Increased activity of multiple stakeholders (e.g. agents and owners) have created new challenges for some coaches working in professional sports clubs. The purpose of this project was to draw attention to the normative or accepted practices inherent in sport work, some of the day-to-day realities of some coaches working in this context, and to understand how coaches’ perceptions of other stakeholders come to bear on their individual circumstances, career expectations/objectives and professional agency. Data were generated from semi-structured interviews with seven professional basketball coaches who worked in top-level European clubs. The analysis reveals the coach’s relationships between some owners and agents differed with respect to exercising professional agency, and, coach’s decisions and actions were tied to their professional ideals as well as understandings of what they need to undertake their work effectively and negotiation and/or adjustment strategies. Occasionally coach’s work practices could be viewed as antithetical to employment security, however, the presence of insecurity was at times embraced and used strategically to affect workers’ career decisions. Amid contemporary regional geo-political shifts, this work aids examinations of global sport settings, structures and issues that may contour sporting professionals’ lives. 相似文献
6.
Analyses of curricula in a range of countries show how they tend to reinforce, rather than challenge, popular theories of racism. To date, we know little about the contribution of physical education (PE) curriculum policy to the overall policy landscape. This paper examines the construction of race and racism in two national contexts (Norway and England) as a means of putting race and anti-racism on the PE policy research agenda. It adopts a critical whiteness perspective to analyse how whiteness, as a system of privilege, contributes to the racialisation of valued knowledge in PE and asks, who potentially benefits and/or is marginalised within the learning spaces available in the texts? The discourse analysis reveals that two discursive techniques of whiteness combine to privilege white, Eurocentric knowledge content. Unmarked white PE practices and students are constructed as universal, normative and contingent. As a result, non-white PE practices and students are positioned on the margins in contemporary policy texts. By revealing the racialisation processes evident in the texts, we aim to trouble the profession's taken-for-granted truths about race in PE as integral to working towards the development of an antiracist subject. 相似文献
7.
Kass Gibson 《Sport in Society》2019,22(9):1604-1622
AbstractCritical scholars of sport and physical culture have devoted significant attention to developing critiques of epistemological hierarchies and the discursive power of biomedical knowledge in sport, exercise and physical activity. However, such work has largely failed to engage in an empirically grounded fashion with the processes of knowledge production. Furthermore, relative to its importance in the creation of knowledge, the laboratory is conspicuous in its absence from both critical discussions and as a site for empirical research. By way of response, this study draws on data collected from over 1000 h of participant observation and 53 semi-structured interviews to explore how underlying political and social values are articulated through relationships between knowledge creation, transfer and claims-making, and specific social frames in exercise physiology, a cornerstone of sports science. Rather than rehearse methodological challenges and critiques, the analysis presented demonstrates, contrary to critical analyses of scientific research that charge biomedical sciences with producing de-contextualised knowledge, laboratory-based sports science is thoroughly contextualised, albeit in specific and nuanced ways. Specifically, exercise physiology knowledge production is characterised by dehumanization and rehumanization processes. The relationship between these processes is not unilinear or sequential, but reciprocal and recursive. Nonetheless, dehumanization is the basis upon which exercise physiology knowledge is made applicable. Rehumanization is how it becomes desirable. 相似文献
8.
中国儿童期单纯肥胖症现状、趋势及防治对策 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
丁宗一 《天津体育学院学报》1999,14(1):12-14
旨在介绍中国儿科工作者十年来( 1986~ 1996) 在儿童期单纯肥胖症领域内的研究进展。1.全国流行病学研究表明, 学龄期( 0~ 7 岁) 单纯肥胖症检出率长期居高不下, 年增长率失控。脂肪重聚年龄过早( 5 岁) 和脂肪重聚比过高( 2. 0~ 3. 2) 预示今后20 年内肥胖症和心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率会急剧增高。肥胖-超重比过高表明体重控制是中国儿童期健康保护的一项长期任务。2. 生理学研究表明肥胖在儿童期即已损伤儿童心肺功能, 妨碍有氧能力发育, 降低体育运动
能力, 肥胖度越高, 此种 相似文献
9.
21世纪中国运动心理学的新方向:运动认知神经科学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以心理学母学科的视角来管窥运动心理学的发展趋势,主要从交叉科学——认知科学和认知神经科学角度来思考和探索该学科的发展潜力和方向,为此分析了当前运动心理学与主流科学在研究方法上的差距,回顾了运动认知领域的系列研究主题,如注意、表象、运动决策和运动专家知识系统,提出了未来运动认知神经科学方向可以研究的具体科学问题,同时建议更多相关领域的研究者,特别是运动心理学者今后应该借助于认知心理学的理论基础和神经科学的技术手段,拓展运动心理学的研究方向和内容,利用我国优秀运动员的储备优势,在交叉学科的研究中做出一定的贡献。 相似文献
10.
Jim Denison 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(4):461-478
This paper takes as its starting point that coaches' efforts at planning their athletes' training are a complex practice involving so many variables that the logic of how they all ‘fit together’ to produce a peak performance is never obvious or clear. However, many coaches operate as if their athletes' training programmes can be assembled in a coherent, rational manner, or as if ‘systems’ exist to make planning an orderly sequence of steps or stages. Drawing on the work of Foucault, and his call to problematise the development and formation of dominant practices, I examine in this paper the discursive construction of contemporary planning practices used by middle- and long-distance running coaches. Further, I discuss how coaches' knowledge of planning is enmeshed within relations of power, that weaved in discourses, and imprinted on athletes' bodies and bodily practices, attempt to assert the ‘truth’ about the practice of planning. 相似文献
11.
健美操成套动作教学法的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
将体育心理学的基本理论和教学实践相结合的方法，运用到大学女生健美操教学中，结果显示：多种教学手段的运用，能充分调动学生的各种感官、思维参与，有效地加速、强化记忆成套动作，提高完成动作的质量。 相似文献
12.
13.
Bodily knowledge has attracted significant attention within the humanities and other related fields over the last two decades. Although theoretical discussion on bodily knowledge in the context of physical education has been active over the past 10 years, these discussions lack clear conceptual analyses of bodily knowledge. Using a phenomenological approach, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the notion of bodily knowledge, furthering epistemological discussions of the topic within reflective, embodied practices. Instead of seeing bodily knowledge inherently connected to the acquisition of motor skills or improving physical fitness, we will discuss physical training as a reflective, embodied process that can turn sensuous information about the moving body into knowledge. Using outdoor running as an example, we describe the process of forming bodily knowledge, which includes: (1) the exploring and identifying of movement qualities, (2) developing capabilities of registering changes in the body and (3) directing and modifying one's own training processes based on bodily findings. Contextualizing this epistemological discussion with adults’ recreational physical activity, this paper argues that bodily knowledge can cultivate individuals to trust their own body awareness and embodied responses to take more responsibility for their own physical exercise. When biomedical knowledge of the body in sport sciences tends to shrink the body to physiological attributes, such as muscle mass and fat percentage, our analysis stresses the agency of the lived body as a source of knowledge in physical activity. 相似文献
14.
Lee Nelson Christopher J. Cushion Paul Potrac Ryan Groom 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(5):513-531
Discussions about ‘athlete-centered’ coaching and ‘coach-centered’ coach education have started to gain increasing popularity in the field of coaching science. While it has been suggested that these ‘learner-centered’ approaches arguably align with the theoretical ideals of humanistic psychology, an in-depth examination of the implications of this learning orientation to sports coaching remains elusive. Rather, discussions have tended to be detached from theory, focusing instead on practices and methods. In light of this development, the present paper provides a detailed and critical overview of one of the leading humanistic thinkers' work, namely Carl Rogers, in order to consider what implications his theorising about ‘person-centered’ learning could have for the development of athletes and coaches. In doing so, we hope that this article will serve to advance understanding and theoretically underpin what have tended to be largely a-theoretical and superficial discussions about ‘athlete-centered’ coaching and ‘coach-centered’ coach education. 相似文献
15.
1．论述了概念在科学认识形成中的作用，举例说明了由于在体育学研究中概念不准确而带来的认识和判断错误。2．对体育学的一个基本概念进行了剖析，以实例说明善于咬文嚼字对于达到概念准确的必要性。3．建立起一批内涵准确用语规范的基本概念，并以此为中心形成一个逻辑严谨的概念系统，是体育学学科建设的重要任务。 相似文献
16.
David J. Spindler Mark S. Allen Stewart A. Vella Christian Swann 《Journal of sports sciences》2018,36(17):1943-1954
This systematic review sought to synthesise what is currently known about the psychology of elite cycling. Nine electronic databases were searched in March 2017 for studies reporting an empirical test of any psychological construct in an elite cycling sample. Fourteen studies (total n = 427) met inclusion criteria. Eight studies were coded as having high risk of bias. Themes extracted included mood, anxiety, self-confidence, pain, and cognitive function. Few studies had similar objectives meaning that in many instances findings could not be synthesised in a meaningful way. Nevertheless, there was some cross-study evidence that elite cyclists have more positive mood states (relative to normative scores), pre-race anxiety impairs performance (among male cyclists), and associative strategies are perceived as helpful for pain management. Among single studies coded as having low risk of bias, evidence suggests that implicit beliefs affect decision making performance, elite cyclists are less susceptible to mental fatigue (than non-elite cyclists), and better leadership skills relates to greater social labouring. Limitations include non-standardisation of measures, lack of follow-up data, small sample sizes, and overall poor research quality. The findings of this systematic review might be used to inform research and theory development on the psychology of elite endurance cycling. 相似文献
17.
Aboriginal perspectives on experiences in sport in Canada are largely missing from the existing body of literature on sociocultural aspects of sport, but this is especially the case in terms of Aboriginal people from the Maritimes region of Canada. Such an absence impedes our understanding of sport as an important cultural institution that can be used to normalize certain social practices, as well as challenge them. In this paper, we aim to contribute to the body of knowledge on Aboriginal sport by examining the lived experiences of nine elite Aboriginal athletes from the Maritimes, specifically those who won a Tom Longboat Award, through a postcolonial lens. In doing so, we reveal some of the nuanced power relationships that shaped their involvement in organized, competitive sport – distinctions that are not often addressed in the scholarly literature and thus limit our understanding of the complex and sometimes difficult realities of Aboriginal sport development in Canada. The participants’ stories tell us a great deal about the recipients as individuals, about Aboriginal peoples’ involvement in contemporary sport, and how the ways in which they negotiated difference within sport marked their lives. 相似文献
18.
现代科学技术与中国竞技体育的可持续发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
程勇民 《山东体育学院学报》2004,20(3):8-10
现代科技的迅猛发展,对竞技体育产生了巨大影响。由于缺乏对“科学、技术和社会(STS)”整体关系的研究,我国竞技体育发展进程中表现出诸多的不可持续性。从“STS”学科的新视角,对我国竞技体育的不可持续性进行了具体的论述。指出：中国体育过分重视技术,忽视科学、技术与社会的关系。由于技术的极端功利主义,片面追求金牌效益,导致技术的工具理性膨胀,价值理性失落．产生了一系列不可持续发展的严重后果。并对中国竞技体育如何保持可持续发展,提出了若干设想。 相似文献
19.
In this paper we illustrate how ways of thinking about ethics are tied up with sport and physical education practice and introduce an alternative approach that can help to develop ethical pedagogies. We begin by locating socio-moral education in physical education within historical and contemporary pedagogical scholarship. Our argument is that the work of today's physical educators is still shaped by claims that were made about school sport in the nineteenth century and that sport scholars have long had difficulties proving these claims empirically. Rather than search for data that can confirm or refute claims of moral learning, we examine how incidents related to moral behaviour occur during physical education lessons. To do this we draw on data from an ethnographic investigation of a school in North Western Switzerland. Specifically, we present three episodes of interaction in three different physical education lessons. To make sense of these episodes, we introduce a social constructionist perspective. The main assumptions of this perspective are: (1) meanings are created through dialogue and consensus and are context-relative; (2) interactions between people are joint accomplishments; and (3) contexts affect how people interact with one another. Equipped with a constructionist framework, we then inspect the interactive episodes more closely. We include brief discussions of how constructionist understandings might inform ethics pedagogies in the future, suggesting that practitioners should be cautious of universal understandings of ethics, consider pupils as members of communities that are held together by shared practices, provide space for pupils to position themselves differently during lessons and, finally, account for contextual factors when evaluating pupils’ actions. 相似文献
20.
中华绵缓运动对老年人身心健康的有利因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
绵缓运动是以绵长柔缓为基本运动特征的较长时间的低强度运动，是适度负荷运动之一族，包括导引运动、太极运动和舞武运动，它们显著的健身效果原自于其深厚的东方哲学基础、心理学基础、人体生命科学基础以及完整的技术体系与技术方法，其基本行为特点为：松软自然、意气相随、圆活和顺、松紧适度及延绵徐缓。对老年练习者可以达到增强抵抗能力，改善身体机能及防病治病的功效。 相似文献