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1.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an in-service training program and understand teachers' receptivity to curriculum change in physical education. A total of 183 primary school teachers were recruited as participants on a voluntary basis. They were asked to respond to a questionnaire about their receptivity to changes in the current physical education curriculum as well as their views on the effectiveness of a teacher development program that was organized by the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The results showed that the participants felt that in-service training was needed to equip them to implement a physical education program in line with the curriculum reform. The in-service training program was deemed to be practical and effective, bringing about good communication among school teachers, educational experts, and government curriculum officers. In terms of their receptivity to curriculum change, the participants generally had positive attitudes to the innovation and showed further support for the change after attending the program. The role of the principal and the need for school support for the reform are discussed in the concluding section. 相似文献
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运用文献资料和专家访谈法,探讨了国家政策指导下的高校体育课程改革,通过高校体育课程的理论研究并结合我校体育课改实际,提出了我校大学体育课程建设的构建,以期在国内同类大学体育课程实践改革中进行示范和推广。 相似文献
3.
学校体育活动课程实施的价值取向及特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以现代课程与教学论的观点和方法,从学科理论、社会发展需求、人格全面发展、教师的价值现和功利主义等不同视角论述了学校体育活动课程实施的价值取向和表现特征。 相似文献
4.
Catherine D. Ennis 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):31-49
ABSTRACT Findings from physical education research conducted over the last two decades suggest that girls' experiences in and perceptions of physical education in many team sport‐based programs are less than satisfactory. Team sports taught within a traditional multi‐activity format often permit dominant aggressive male players to control the game, marginalizing and alienating low‐skilled girls and boys. This paper critiques the circumstances often found in sport based physical education and reports the use of an innovative approach to team‐sport curriculum entitled, ‘Sport for Peace’, to enhance girls' levels of engagement and satisfaction in urban high school physical education. In this research, seven teachers and 15 girls were involved in the curriculum innovation in three urban high schools. Teachers trained and mentored using the curriculum implemented the program in two classes in each school. The implementation process was described using observation protocols and the teachers and girls were interviewed formally at the conclusion of the observation period. Data were analysed using constant comparison. Findings suggested that the Sport for Peace curriculum improved the sport environment for girls by enhancing their perceptions of success, promoting ownership of the sport content and the class processes, creating authentic cooperative environments for boys and girls, and encouraging the use of second chances to promote understanding and learning. Boys' altitudes towards girls' ability and motivation became more positive and girls indicated that they enjoyed participating with boys in these sport programs. The findings were analysed within Ladson‐Billings' conceptualization of culturally responsive 相似文献
5.
In social constructivist educational theory, the classroom is seen as a community of learners. According to social constructivists, learning occurs through peer interactions, student ownership of the curriculum and educational experiences that are authentic for students. The purpose of this study was to investigate how teachers used social constructivist strategies to encourage student construction of knowledge and meanings, and how students constructed knowledge and meanings in two middle school physical education classrooms. A qualitative naturalistic design was used to collect data over a five-month period with two experienced middle school physical education teachers. Data included 11 weeks of observational field notes and interviews with teachers and students. Data were analyzed using cross-case and inductive analysis. Findings indicated that the teachers' strategies created a learning environment in which students actively constructed knowledge and meanings by making connections to their peers and by connecting physical education to their lives, their communities, and the real world. Students shared information, assumed leadership and responsibility, and became decision-makers. By connecting to their peers, students felt supported in their learning. This study offers additional findings in support of social constructivist pedagogy in physical education that encourages individual growth and social awareness in communities of learners. 相似文献
6.
abstract This paper explores the relationship between the school and the body. It does so by considering the transfer from primary to secondary school. Analysing children's and young adult's stories about transfer reveals that physical education (PE), and more generally the body, are central to pupils’ anticipations and anxieties about the move to secondary school. The paper argues that the fears pupils express about the dangers associated with secondary school PE should be placed within the context of the transition to adulthood. Secondary school PE is an integral part of the status passage to adulthood, during which the recognition of the body as physical, social and sexual is central. 相似文献
7.
The purpose of this study was to examine the cinematic images of physical educators during the past decade. This study is approached from two perspectives: (a) framing and (b) social cognition. Framing, an approach to media studies most often reserved for critical analysis of news, provides useful generalities for a formative study of movie images, which directs explicit attention toward the construction and use of media frames. Contemporary social cognition theory blends social learning theory with an understanding of the power of media images. Media observers (i.e. movie viewers) can acquire symbolic representations of behavior through media images and these images are powerful and informative enough to inform subsequent behavior. Using the Internet Movie Database (IMDB), each researcher compiled a list of movies. After an initial list from the IMDB was compiled, researchers added films that they knew, from personal knowledge, included physical education teachers. A final list of 18 movies was distributed to each of the four coders, with a stipulation that the coding take place during a specified time period of no more than three months. Each researcher observed the videotapes independently while noting the dialogue and camera shots of all scenes involving physical educators for emerging frames of reference regarding physical education teachers. Ethnographic content analysis, a media studies variation of the constant comparative method, aided in the identification of frames (categories and themes) that emerged from the data. The researchers independently made notes concerning the video observations and then later developed a system of classification by comparing notes and discovering regularities within the data. The constant comparative method was used to assist in the assessment and grouping of framing approaches. Agreement between researchers had to be 100% for a frame to be included in research findings. It was agreed that frames had to be constructed by both verbal and visual indicators in the films, and it had to be strongly associated with at least three films. Although nuances in setting, plot and the personalities of characters might arguably make frames in each film studied 'unique', several frames emerged as characteristic of depictions of physical educators: (a) there is no distinction between physical educators and coaches, (b) physical educators are incompetent teachers, (c) physical educators are drill sergeants and are the proverbial 'bully from hell' who enjoys seeing a student humiliated, and (d) characteristics of physical educators are gendered: women are often depicted as 'butch' or lesbian; men, as buffoons devoid of 'masculine' leadership qualities. An understanding of these frames is important because it provides clues about social cognition and behavior in regard to issues of physical education--from the classroom to the school board meeting, from decisions made about participation in physical education class to decisions made about the priority of physical education in the school setting. 相似文献
8.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the variables related to the successful least restrictive placement of students with disabilities into physical education classes. Subjects were 470 school building representatives and 62 adapted physical education professors throughout the nation. Confidence interval estimates (95%) of school building data correlated highest on relative importance with university census data on 8 of 37 total variables: motor ability test scores, developmental scale scores, reaching individualized education program instructional objectives, special education teacher recommendation, regular physical educator recommendation, activity offerings, classroom physical accessibility, and safety considerations. These represent those variables that should be used in some “best practices” combination by school personnel in making decisions regarding relevant students' class placement within physical education least restrictive environment alternatives. In addition, staff recommendation category variables were considered more important than test score, student related, class related, and administrative category variables. 相似文献
9.
Wouter Cools Kristine De Martelaer Christiane Samaey Caroline Andries 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):649-660
Abstract Evidence suggests the development of fundamental movement skill (FMS) is a key factor in promoting long-term physical activity. Low levels of activity among preschool children and the relationship between physical activity and the development of fundamental movement skills underline the need to determine the factors associated with children's development of such skills. As parents play an important role in the socialization process, the aim of this study was to examine correlates of family and neighbourhood characteristics as well as parental behaviour and beliefs on FMS performance in 4- to 6-year-old preschool children. Relationships between preschool children's FMS performance and family contextual variables were examined within a sample of 846 preschool children. Results identified positive associations of FMS performance with parental education, father's physical activity, transport to school by bicycle, and the high value placed by parents high on sport-specific aspects of children's physical activity. Variables negatively associated with preschool children's FMS performance included father–child interaction in TV-viewing and reading books, the high importance placed by parents on winning and performance in children's physical activity. Furthermore, the ambiguity of associations between FMS performance and parental beliefs underlined its complexity. 相似文献
10.
改革开放40年学校体育课程不断嬗变,其过程透视着学校体育课程建设的矛盾。为进一步有效的、深入的、可持续性的推进学校体育课程改革,正确处理改革过程中的问题与冲突,正确认识改革的思想和内涵,以文献资料、文本分析及逻辑分析等方法,对相关政策纲要进行梳理,通过社会学理论、马克思主义哲学观进行逻辑分析,剖析了掣肘学校体育课程发展的现实问题,针对于这些问题,以实践观和方法论提出了对课程改革不同问题的正确认识,破解了学校体育课程改革的逆境。提出在马克思主义哲学视域下学校体育课程的改革应重视部分,统筹全局;强调量变到质变的转化,保持适度化;有选择的去芜存菁,杜绝全盘的肯定与否定;坚持内因为主导,内外因相结合的观点;一切从实际出发,实事求是;落实于实践,忌一纸空文。 相似文献
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Abstract The AAHPER youth fitness test and Gordon's “How I See Myself” scale were administered to 75 grade 7 students. The subjects were divided into those with elementary school physical education provided by a specialist (N=46) and those from schools with no such specialist (N=29). Those subjects who were taught by a specialist participated in experiences in rhythmic activities, group games, tumbling and gymnastics activities, and other individual and dual activities each week. The atmosphere was free from threat, providing opportunities for each child to experience a degree of success and yet be challenged further each day. Results indicated that the subjects with the experience of working with a physical education specialist performed at a higher level and were more able to assess themselves accurately than were those subjects who had not worked with a physical education specialist in the elementary school. 相似文献
13.
体育与健康课程目标在课程编制中具有重要地位，对指导体育教学具有重要作用。基于现行义务教育体育与健康课程目标体系存在的缺陷，通过文献梳理、历史借鉴、综合考量与逻辑推理，重新构建了义务教育体育与健康课程目标体系，为不断深化体育课程改革提供参考。研究认为：(1)新时代学校体育“四位一体”新目标对学校体育提出了新要求，是构建体育与健康课程目标体系的理论依据，为制定体育与健康课程目标体系指明了方向；(2)重构了义务教育体育与健康课程目标体系，提出了体育修习、健康促进、思政品德领域目标，突出了体育与健康教育的学科特征，凸显了新时代体育与健康教育的顶层设计；(3)重构的义务教育体育与健康课程目标上承新时代学校体育“四位一体”新目标，下接学校体育教学与学校体育各项工作及活动，符合学习层级理论并同普通高中课程目标有效对接；(4)重构的义务教育体育与健康课程目标可以在体育教学中有效落实，在学校体育各项活动中切实贯彻，具有理论意义与参考价值。 相似文献
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15.
Peter Bramham 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):57-71
This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study which aimed to explore boys' perceptions and experiences of school-based physical education (PE) and involvement in extra-curricular and out-of-school physical activities. Drawing on group and individual interviews with 22 15-year-old boys in four inner-city comprehensive schools, it explores the nature, purposes and experiences of their physical education involvement both in and out of school. The data collected highlighted the need both to explore and to deconstruct the concept of a dominant hegemonic masculinity. Boys are generally 'censorious' of others who resist and spoil PE lessons. Games, sport and physical activity are shaped by masculine identities and are mediated by diverse processes that involve staff competence, pupil friendship networks, class membership and ethnic identity. 相似文献
16.
Joan Marian Fry 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(2):141-162
Abstract This study drew on the life history approach, specifically life story through interview, to examine a bellwether case of an experienced teacher implementing a new senior high school subject in the area of physical and health education. Discussions with the teacher focussed on power relations at her school as they affected and were affected by the implementation process. Two theoretical approaches were used to analyse the data. First, Ball's micro‐political conceptual frame (power, goal diversity, ideological disputation, conflict, interests, political activity, and control) was used to provide a meaningful basis for discussing her political activity. Second, in focussing specifically on power Gore's framework of four conceptions of power (‐as‐property, ‐as‐dominance, ‐as‐productive, and ‐as‐creative energy) took the analysis to a deeper level to probe how the teacher conceptualised, dealt with, and mobilised power. These analyses revealed that in implementing the new subject she had to deal with disputed ideologies about the nature of physical education within her department and about the relative value of different subjects between her department and other faculties. She also had to contend with the pervasive ideology of mind over body as reflected in the traditional curriculum championed by the principal. What strongly came through in this study was the teacher's strategic approach to deal with opposing forces, particularly how she negotiated avoiding direct confrontation with those who represented administrative power in her school. Besides teachers requiring substantial subject matter and content pedagogical knowledge (Shulman, L., 1987), as with Sparkes, Templin and Schempp's examination of physical education as a marginalised subject (Sparkes, A., Templin, T. & Schempp, P., 1990), this research suggests that those introducing a curriculum innovation need to understand the micro‐political forces that operate within their schools and to develop strategies that deal with those forces and to use them to advantage. Effective strategies, in this context, were associated with reducing professional isolation through developing professional networks and balancing a non‐confrontationalist approach with the need to take a stance on an ideological position. From this study, it is clearly evident that curriculum implementation is a political activity. 相似文献
17.
Jepkorir Rose Chepyator-Thomson 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2014,19(5):512-521
Background: Physicality in human movement characteristic of indigenous sporting forms in Africa is grounded in a multitude of cultures. During the period of colonial Africa, there was the introduction of British sporting forms, policies, and practices in schools and society. It was through schools and missions that the colonists introduced sport activities, with colonial administrators and officers prioritizing athleticism over other activities, evident in after-school sports and games. Thus, schools along with Christian missions served as the instruments of colonial education, culture, and sport, with resources allocated selectively to advance racialized and classist education.Purpose: This paper explores how colonialism, particularly British forms of sport physicality, impacted African people and deconstructs how curriculum and teaching in physical education (PE) during the post-colonial era is lost to the politics of knowledge in the school–society nexus, revealing how the school curriculum serves as a contested terrain. This contestation discloses how colonial and post-colonial narratives intertwine to influence public policy and school practices in the development and implementation of PE curriculum.Themes: Examination of the literature produced themes associated with stratification of school subjects and marginalization of PE in particular – the exam-oriented and elitist-oriented education – which characterized British Africa, and made British education part and parcel of policy development and implementation, influencing the nature of education, and PE in particular. The elitist education influenced public policy initiatives, frameworks, and corresponding reforms resulting in stratification of school subjects, the use of public school expenditure, and in the type of teacher training followed. In addition, negative school-wide practices became apparent with public policy, rules, and regulations being loosely coupled with school realities, leading PE to be considered as a ‘toothless subject' in the school curriculum. Besides physicality and learning in PE are not distinguishable from sporting forms and practices, bringing out the emphasis on competitive school sport that has been used to promote nation's prestige, social engineering, and economic development.Conclusion: A development of way forward for PE in British Africa is considered critical and warranted for adequate development of children and youth and for promotion of the health welfare of society. PE plays a critical part in the nexus between education and development; including meeting individual and social welfare goals of post-colonial British Africa; and as such the needs of all children should be at the forefront of policy development and implementation. What is warranted is a development of a standard-based reform that is grounded in a strong formulated public policy that acknowledges diversity in the centralized system of education; with its implementation showing a balance of PE with after-school sport programs and incorporation of indigenous sporting forms. 相似文献
18.
"体适能评定理论与方法"课程建设实践与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述“体适能评定理论与方法”课程建设的目的与意义,从教材与课程建设、教学条件、教学组织形式及考核方式等方面阐述该课程的发展历程。分析“体适能评定理论与方法”课程的主要特色和创新之处。指出应继续完善该课程的理论和实践教学体系,加强网络课程和多媒体辅助教学软件的研制和应用,开展课外实践活动,更好地为体育教育、健康教育和运动健身实践服务。 相似文献
19.
Government Ministers, health care professionals and sporting organisations throughout the UK are presently engaged in the promotion of extending the length of time each school child spends participating in quality physical education. Agendas may differ from a crackdown on obesity and sedentary lifestyles to basking in reflected glory of British champions on the podium at the 2012 Olympic Games in London. However, a definition of what in fact constitutes good quality physical education is hard to find as it appears to be a much disputed territory. The growing tendency to equate ‘sport’ with ‘physical education’ has been prevalent in secondary schools for some time but it is beginning to cascade into primary schools where many young children may find themselves trailing in the wake of only a few who have the ability, talent and drive to be successful; competition is not an inclusive concept. Early-years pedagogy, on the other hand, is inclusive. This paper examines the apparent mis-match between the needs of children in their early years of compulsory schooling and the present philosophy of sports based physical education. The search for good quality physical education for our youngest school children leads to consideration of physical literacy, developmental movement and movement play with the emphasis on enjoyment, participation and building self esteem. In order for children in their early years to receive good quality physical education, there is a need to develop a new model which is inclusive, holistic and aligned with early-years pedagogy. Presently, the basis for physical education policy in the UK is largely uniformed rhetoric. Whilst this is the case and other conceptualisations of physical education remain on the sidelines, then “the possibilities of realising quality physical education remain slim” (Kirk, 2004, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 9(2), p. 194). 相似文献
20.
为探究武汉市留守儿童学校体育教学的发展状况,对武汉市留守儿童学校的学校师资、学校课程、学校场地、学校体育教学与管理等进行较为全面地调查,并从生态学视角对调查结果进行了系统地分析。研究结果:当前留守儿童学校体育教学系统生态失衡。留守儿童学校的校领导、体育教师和学生参与体育活动的意识不强,学校体育教师缺乏并且自我提升意识有待加强,留守儿童学校体育场地器材设备极度不齐全。对策建议:各政府部门加强对留守儿童学校的资金帮助,学校应增强体育文化意识建设,积极开展体育活动,尽快完善留守儿童学校管理制度来调动各方积极性,对学校相关体育体制进行改革,注重培养体育教师的专业水平。 相似文献