共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
程丽 《贵州教育学院学报》2008,24(4):6-10
中学生不同的学习适应行为反映了不同的学习目标定向。采用《瑞文标准推理测验》和《学习适应性测验》,对高一、高二年级学优生与学困生进行测查比较,结果表明：1,在总体上,学优生学习适应性显著高于学困生;2．高中生学习适应性的性别差异不显著,高一年级学优生学习适应性显著高于高二年级,学困生学习适应性的年级差异不显著;3．学优生倾向于掌握目标的定向,学困生倾向于业绩表现的目标定向。 相似文献
3.
数学学习困难学生的学习策略是当前教育学、心理学研究的一个热点问题。通过对学困生策略提示前后应用题学习成绩的差异研究发现:学困生不能像学优生那样自觉主动地使用相应的策略,应用策略的意识较差;策略提示对学困生有积极的促进作用;策略提示前学困生与学优生的成绩有非常显著的差异,而在策略提示后,这种差异明显减小,但学困生在策略的迁移及运用策略的有效性方面仍不如学优生。 相似文献
4.
单洪雪 《中小学心理健康教育》2016,(22)
以348名小学4～6年级学生为被试,采用现场实验、书面分析和事后访谈等方法,对小学4~6年级学生应用题解决过程中表征策略的使用特点、年级差异、数优生和数困生差异等问题进行比较,结果发现：（1）三个年级学生使用结构表征策略频次均较低,而且表现出年级间策略使用特点上非常显著的差异;（2）五年级报告的表征策略最多,其次是六年级,四年级最少;（3）数优生的表征策略使用显著多于数困生。 相似文献
5.
6.
为考察小学生的表征类型对应用题解决的影响,作者以四类算术应用题为实验材料,在自由选择和迫选两种条件下对150名四年级小学生进行实验研究。结果表明:在自由选择条件下,四年级小学生倾向采用适宜表征解决不同类型的应用题,且适宜表征的解题正确率较高;在迫选条件下,适宜表征组被试的解题正确率高于自由选择条件下被试的解题正确率,也显著高于非适宜表征组被试的解题正确率,而非适宜表征组被试的解题正确率显著低于自由选择条件下被试的解题正确率。 相似文献
7.
为考察学优生和学困生在选择性注意加工机制——分心物抑制上的差异,本研究采用2(学优,学困)×2(探测显示中的目标物为启动显示中的分心物,探测显示中的目标物与启动显示中的分心物无关)×2(男,女)混合实验设计,用动物类和植物类16个字作为实验材料,采用负启动技术,研究学困生和学优生在负启动效应上是否有差异及通过改变指导语是否出现负启动反转现象。实验结果表明,在强调速度条件下,学优生和学困生都没有出现负启动反转现象,但在负启动效应上达到显著性的差异,而且学优生负启动量大于学困生;在强调正确率条件下,学优生和学困生在负启动效应上出现显著性差异;在强调正确率条件下,男女生在负启动效应上具有性别差异,并且男生出现负启动反转效应。 相似文献
8.
《中学教育》2018,(2):73-79
为探讨不同标记策略对学习困难生(简称学困生)阅读成绩的影响,本研究采用实验法,选择54名学困生与学优生参与实验。结果表明:1)学优生的阅读成绩要高于学困生;2)组织结构图标记的阅读成绩显著高于其它两种标记;3)在纯文本与关键项标记两水平上,学优生阅读成绩显著高于学困生;在组织结构图标记水平上,学优生阅读成绩与学困生不存在显著性差异;4)在学困生水平上,短篇文章阅读成绩显著高于中、长篇,中篇文章阅读成绩显著高于长篇;而在学优生水平上,短篇与中篇文章阅读成绩不存在显著性差异,且二者阅读理解成绩显著高于长篇文章。结论:组织结构图标记可提高学习困难生的阅读成绩。 相似文献
9.
小学高年级儿童应用题表征水平、工作记忆对问题解决的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究运用数学运算实验法对某普通小学161名4-6年级学生进行了长方形面积任务、工作记忆任务和数学运算测验(简称MPI),以考察学生的应用题表征水平特点,及应用题表征水平、工作记忆对问题解决的影响.结果表明:(1)表征水平随着年级的升高而不断提高,学牛在表征水平上性别差异不显著;(2)中央执行和语音环路对表征水平的影响作用不显著,视空间模板的影响作用显著;(3)视空间模板通过表征水平对数学成绩产生影响作用. 相似文献
10.
初中数优生、数困生解题动机与应用题成绩的关系分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用数学应用题测验和解题动机问卷对筛选出的391名初中生进行测试,结果表明:①初中生数学应用题成绩的性别差异不显著;②数优生、数困生在数学解题动机上存在显著差异(p<0.05);③解题动机对数学应用题成绩具有预测作用(R2=0.076,B=1.127). 相似文献
11.
We investigated the effect of emphasising the realistic modelling complexity in text or in the accompanying picture on the solution of P-items, in relation to pupils’ grade. 290 pupils from the 5th and 6th grade of various elementary schools in Flanders (Belgium) made a paper-and-pencil task with 7 word problems that are problematic from a realistic modelling perspective (so-called P-items). Pupils were divided in four conditions, involving the four combinations of the two above-mentioned task variables. Their reactions to the P-items were coded as realistic or non-realistic. We found a relatively small but significant effect of emphasising the realistic modelling complexity in the text of the P-items on the number of realistic reactions, whereas no effect was observed for the accentuation of that complexity in the picture nor for the interaction of the two manipulated task variables. Theoretical and educational implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
12.
This study explored the effectiveness of external representations presented together with compare word problems, and whether such effectiveness was moderated by working memory. Participants were 49 secondary school students. Each participant solved 48 problems presented in 4 presentation types that included 2 difficulty treatments (number of steps and language consistency). Data from errors and response times indicated that adding a graph to compare word problems helped accuracy (d =.60) and response time (d =.44). This effect was larger for difficult and cognitively demanding problems. Findings suggest that external representations might help problem-solvers build a mental model of the described problem situation. In addition, working memory was not found to moderate the effectiveness of external representations. 相似文献
13.
14.
This study analyses whether the primary school mathematics textbooks from two Spanish publishers show a varied instructional diet of addition and multiplication problems at different levels of complexity. To do so, it analyses the problems in all the primary grades by the publishers Santillana and SM according to two levels of complexity: (a) procedural (number of steps needed to solve the problem); and (b) semantic/mathematical (addition or multiplication structures, with their different subtypes). The results show that: (a) these problems are so simple that the books themselves cannot be regarded as a sufficient tool to teach students to solve the more complex problems; and (b) if we compare them with previous studies, the design of the problems has hardly changed in 10 years. These results show that the variety of problems in books should be expanded both procedurally and semantically/mathematically, and teachers should be given assistance to compensate for these shortcomings when using these textbooks in class. 相似文献
15.
16.
学生对示意图提示条件普遍持肯定态度;学校教学水平影响学生非视觉化题目上的态度反应,而不影响视觉化题目上的态度反应.从整体上看,示意图提示条件能显著地促进学生的解题,但是这种促进作用受题目视觉化程度、学校教学水平的制约.在一定范围里,随着非视觉化题目难度增加示意图提示条件的作用在增强. 相似文献
17.
18.
康园园 《成都教育学院学报》2008,22(10):20-23
应用题是数学教学的重点和难点,也是教育心理学研究的热点。我国学者在该领域进行了大量研究取得了丰富的成果,对于推动数学教育改革和培养学生能力很有理论和实践意义。文章综合近五年国内小学数学应用题研究的进展,从应用题问题解决的内在机制、影响因素以及通过元认知训练培养学生思维能力等方面对国内的研究进行了论述,并对该领域的发展作出了展望。 相似文献
19.
Solving arithmetic word problems such as “Mary has 25 marbles. She has 5 more marbles than John. How many marbles does John have?”, in which the relational term (more than) interferes with the arithmetic operation (subtraction), relies in part on the ability to inhibit an overlearned ‘add if more or subtract if less’ heuristic in children, adolescents and adults. Here, we used a negative priming (NP) paradigm to investigate whether experts in mathematics need to inhibit this heuristic when solving this type of arithmetic word problem. We found NP effects in experts in mathematics, but with a smaller amplitude than those in non-experts (N = 40). We replicate these results in a second experiment (N = 62) in which we matched experts and non-experts on general intelligence and inhibitory control ability. This suggests that experts also need to inhibit the ‘add if more or subtract if less’ heuristic to solve such problems but were more efficient at inhibiting the heuristic than non-experts. 相似文献
20.
The current study aimed at identifying the difficulties experienced by children with mathematics learning disability (MLD) in the problem representation phase of arithmetic word problem solving using a novel problem types identification task. An MLD group (n = 66) and a typically achieving control group (n = 139) were recruited for an assessment on problem type identification as well as some domain-general and mathematics-related cognitive abilities. Results from ANCOVA showed that the MLD group scored significantly lower than the typically achieving control group on this assessment, after controlling for the effect of cognitive correlates, reading achievement and arithmetic performance. Furthermore, this assessment significantly predicted MLD membership even after taking children's arithmetic competency into account. The current study confirmed the difficulties in problem representation of arithmetic word problems experienced by students with MLD and provided evidence for the need to introduce schema instructions in mathematics classes. 相似文献