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1.
本文探讨了大数据技术创新、研发和应用中的伦理问题。指出大数据技术是把双刃剑,这种技术的创新使社会、商业、以及亿万人受益,但同时也带来风险。我们必须鉴定风险,平衡创新带来的利益与风险。文章还探讨了与信息技术及大数据技术有关的数字身份、隐私、可及、安全和安保、数字鸿沟等伦理问题,并讨论了解决这些伦理问题的进路。最后,建议引入伦理治理的概念,指出大数据的顺利推广应用要求我们制订评价在大数据方面所采取行动的伦理框架,即伦理原则,为制订行为准则、管理和立法建立一个伦理学基础。 相似文献
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随着大数据技术的日益强大,网络信息资源的价值在不断的开发和利用,信息数据更容易被获取和利用,并引起一系列道德伦理问题。文章从网络时代信息伦理角度出发,提出现存的问题,并提出相应的解决策略,旨在增加对网络信息资源利用中信息伦理的保护。 相似文献
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人工智能在深刻影响人类社会生产生活方式的同时,也引发诸多伦理困境与挑战,建立新的科技伦理规范以推动人工智能更好服务人类,成为全社会共同关注的主题。本文从科技伦理的视角,围绕机器人、算法、大数据、无人驾驶等人工智能领域所出现的伦理主体、责任分担、技术安全、歧视与公平性、隐私与数据保护等问题,以及人工智能技术的伦理治理,对国内外相关研究成果进行回顾分析,并提出未来需要在中国情境下伦理原则与治理体系的建立、人工智能伦理研究的跨学科合作、理论分析与实践案例的融合、多元主体伦理角色分工与协作等方面进行进一步研究。 相似文献
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首先对大数据环境下的国内外信息伦理失范案例进行分析,阐述大数据时代信息利用的特点;然后根据其特点提出大数据对社会信息伦理的影响和存在的问题;最终提出三点社会信息伦理构建的建议。 相似文献
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基因技术在极大地促进人类社会发展和进步的同时,也给人类带来前所未有的伦理风险和文明忧患.由于基因技术伦理风险的特殊性和复杂性,传统的风险控制和治理有效性不足.为实现基因技术发展与人类福祉的统一,必须重新审视传统风险治理机制,从"以人为本"的技术人文导向、跨国界的制度化调控、风险语境中的新型科技伦理观以及公众参与基因技术决策等方面,寻求更为有效的应对基因技术伦理风险的社会控制战略. 相似文献
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《科学中国人》2015,(32)
网络的出现给人们生活、工作带来了巨大影响。二十一世纪人类社会已全面进入网络社会。通过网络人们可以实现零距离、不受时间、空间限制的数据传输与信息共享。现如今网络已成为获取信息、传播与共享信息的重要工具,几乎被应用到了所有领域,大到科学研究、天文、国防、医疗,小到家庭娱乐、生产办公、网页阅览都要应用网络。网络具有开放性、复杂性、特殊性特点,任何人都可以成为网络用户。想要维护网络秩序,必须构建相应网络伦理,以调节网络环境。透过网络社会现象,看网络伦理的本质,会发现现实社会伦理与网络伦理有着明显差异,但也有着必然的联系。本文透过网络社会现象看网络伦理的本质。 相似文献
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论网络环境中的信息伦理问题及其对策 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
现代信息技术在推动人类社会巨大发展的同时也带来了许多新问题，信息伦理问题就是其中之一。分析了当前网络环境中常见的信息伦理问题，并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策；认为信息伦理问题已经引起了越来越广泛的重视，它的发展方向将是全球伦理。 相似文献
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网络环境下的信息伦理及其构建 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
信息伦理学是一门由多学科相互交叉、融合且具有广泛发展空间的新兴交叉科学，其研究的内容包括在信息生产、信息传播、信息处理和信息利用等过程中出现的各种伦理问题，并将随着信息社会的发展而不断完善。信息技术的进步在带给人类效率和文明的同时，也带来了各种意想不到的伦理问题。本文探讨了网络环境下信息伦理的新特征，分析了当前各种信息伦理的失范现象，并就如何构建网络行为下的信息伦理提出了自己的构想。 相似文献
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随着信息网络的大规模覆盖以及智能设备的广泛使用,计算机技术、互联网技术及"云"技术的交叉应用,大数据技术已然渗透人们生活的方方面面为人类生活带来的巨大福祉。但大数据产生的前提是人们必须先释放出诸多的个人信息,人们不断地产生并存贮大量有关个人的信息,因而产生了一些新的伦理问题甚至是违法犯罪问题,例如信息侵权,隐私泄露等。这一系列的新问题,都有必要从哲学的角度进行思考,同时有必要在伦理学视域下进行深度研究。 相似文献
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A research group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol-a chemical found in the skins of red grapes in red wine-can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin according to a report in the October issue of Cell Metabolism.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):14-15
Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Active biological molecules functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery disease diagnosis therapy new nanodevice construction.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):22-22
Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
19.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》2000,16(2):155-159
This essay focuses on universal service and the Internet as means to support social and political participation. The emphasis on access to telecommunications systems in conventional approaches to universal service is contrasted with access to content. A model of the information environment is described that accounts for the roles of content and conduit, both of which are necessary conditions to achieve true access. A method is outlined for employing information indicators to observe or measure the information environment. 相似文献
20.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献