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1.
Alba E. Mustaca Fabian Gabelli Mauricio R. Papini Peter Balsam 《Learning & behavior》1991,19(2):125-138
Appetitive contextual conditioning in rats and ringdoves was investigated in six experiments. In Experiment 1, differential contextual training produced greater anticipatory activity in rats in the presence of a context paired with food than it did in rats in the presence of a different context in which food was never presented. Furthermore, the rats showed a preference for the context associated with food when they were given a simultaneous choice test between contexts. In Experiment 2, rats were more active in and preferred a context associated with a variable-time 30-sec (VT30) schedule as opposed to a VT180 schedule. Experiment 3 was a between-subjects replication of the previous experiment. As expected, rats exhibited significantly more anticipatory activity in a context in which food had been presented on a VT30 schedule than they did in a context in which food had been presented on a VT180 schedule. Experiment 4 showed that anticipatory activity was a reflection of context-US associations in ringdoves, and in Experiments 5 and 6, ringdoves also exhibited an inverse relationship between the. amount of anticipatory activity and the length of the interreinforcement interval (IRI). These results reveal a relation between ERI and contextual conditioning opposite from that obtained in studies of aversive conditioning. 相似文献
2.
郑家治 《涪陵师范学院学报》2003,19(6):17-20
陈毅元帅的战争诗词是20世纪生动形象的革命战争史，又是壮美深沉的民族精英心灵史：在审美上既重风骨，又富意境；在形式上古近体并重，且创作颇丰。陈毅其人品性高洁，风骨凛然，其诗亦然，是20世纪传统诗词当之无愧的大家。 相似文献
3.
贾磊磊 《南京师范大学文学院学报》2003,(4):49-55
电影作为一种具有诱导性与强制性的叙事本,实质上左右了观众对影片意义的理解方式,同时为影片的全部意义提供一个潜在的认知结构。在这个结构中,对观众接受、体验方式的角色定位是电影制作极为重要的环节。电影观众便成为一个由电影的制作、观看与观看情境共同建构的电影叙事体系中的角色,一个我们可以潜入其中“窥视”影片内容的“假想替身”。不论是作为“窥视”、“先知”还是“认同”,观众都已经成为电影叙事本中的一部分,观众都被建构为叙事的主体并与影片的作共同“生产”影片的意义。 相似文献
4.
There has been a great deal of interest recently in the development of more 'nurturing' environments in mainstream primary schools. This interest has been reflected in a series of articles published in the pages of this journal. In this paper, Angus King, headteacher of Western Primary School, a performance management consultant, a threshold assessor and a teacher trainer, with Zara Chantler, Key Stage 1 leader and SENCo at Western, describe the Western 'Quiet Room' project, set up in 1999 as a response to the needs of pupils experiencing social, emotional and behavioural problems. The Quiet Room was designed to provide a nurturing environment in a dedicated space away from the classroom. In this way, argue King and Chantler, a child's emotional needs can be explored, on a one–to–one basis where appropriate, in a safe and supportive setting. The results to date are positive and there is real potential for the scheme to be extended. 相似文献
5.
杰姆逊是当代美国名的马克思主义理论家、艺理论和美学家,在国际上和中国都有较大影响。长期以来,中国学术界不少人都把杰姆逊看成后现代主义的布道。本不同意这个看法,通过对杰姆逊在上世纪80年代、90年代初、21世纪初三个时期的代表性论全面分析,得出杰姆逊从来不是一个“张扬”后现代主义理论的后现代主义“布道”,而是始终对后现代主义抱有清醒、冷静、客观的批判态度的西方马克思主义的结论。 相似文献
6.
Rebecca Walker Rachel Spronken-Smith Carol Bond Fiona McDonald John Reynolds Anna McMartin 《Instructional Science》2010,38(6):707-722
This study aimed to use a learning inventory (the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students, ASSIST) to measure the
impact of a curriculum change on students’ approaches to learning in two large courses in a health sciences first year programme.
The two new Human Body Systems (HUBS) courses were designed to encourage students to take a deep approach to learning. ASSIST
was completed by 599 students enrolled in a biology class in 2006 that was part of the old curriculum, and by 705 students
at the beginning and end of the new HUBS courses in 2007. Changes in students’ approaches to learning over time were examined.
The ASSIST scores for both HUBS courses reflected the dominance of a surface approach, followed by a strategic and then a
deep approach. However, by the end of the year, students were taking a deep and strategic approach to their studies to a greater
extent, and a surface approach to a lesser extent. Moreover, students enrolled in the new course adopted a deep approach to
their studies to a significantly greater degree than those studying the old curriculum. Despite the predominance of a surface
approach, the results suggest that it is possible to bring about small but significant positive changes in students’ learning
behaviour in a very large class through curriculum change. The proportion of students preferring a surface approach, and results
showing that high performance on the final exam was significantly correlated with a surface approach, probably reflected contextual
factors, including assessment, and is the focus of ongoing curriculum development. 相似文献
7.
谭小青 《蒙自师范高等专科学校学报》2014,(5):117-120
《北迁季节》被视为当代阿拉伯文学作品的"一朵奇葩",萨利赫向读者展示了一幅充满时空变幻的迁徙之图,文中的人物身份也呈现了有"破"有"立"的动态特点。该篇试图分析小说中人物所体现的三种类型的身份寻求:抵制性的"立",模仿性的由"破"到"立",以及策略性的由"立"到"破"。文化身份不是固定封闭的,而是一个历史的动态的过程,正是"破"和"立"之间的互动式协商才为夹缝中的人物创造了"间质空间"的身份意义。 相似文献
8.
王永豪 《徐州师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,33(3):40-42
诠释学作为一门指导文本理解和解释的学科，在以前类似于修辞学、语法学、逻辑学，从属于语文学。到了20世纪，诠释学由一种理解和解释的方法论发展成为一种哲学理论。诠释学的哲学转向与世界意义的多元化转向并行。随着古典诠释学向现代哲学诠释学的转换，诠释学不再仅是对经典文本的诠释而具有多元化的意义，从而为自己找到广阔的诠释空间，因此在诠释学的视野下比较诗学也具有更加开放的被诠释可能。以诠释学为背景，进一步探讨比较诗学在学理意义上的可能性和可行性，便会发现：比较诗学之“比较”不是工具论意义上的一种手段而是存在论意义上的一种思维方式，从而为比较诗学学科研究提供一个新的视角。 相似文献
9.
The study investigated the expressed advice of parents, teachers, and Deaf community leaders regarding careers for deaf students in Sweden. The research was conducted: (a) in a country where consensus has been achieved on recognition and accommodation of the educational needs of deaf students; (b) in a city with a very high concentration of deaf individuals, a continuum of educational facilities, and support for deaf students ranging from preschool through college; and, (c) in a community with a strong and active deaf organization and parent organization. The authors found that, despite many advances in the country, communication in the language of the greater society is a potent factor in limiting occupational possibilities for the Deaf. 相似文献
10.
11.
Ariela Lowenstein 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(6):493-506
This article examines the multidimensionality of education, research, and training in gerontology through a discussion of the significance and implications of developments in this area based on the Israeli scene. The discussion focuses on the issue of whether gerontology is an academic discipline based on the development of specialized knowledge, along with education and training, in a distinct academic framework, or whether it constitutes part of professional training in a variety of academic fields. The article begins with a presentation of milestones in the development of gerontology in Israel, focusing mainly on social gerontology. It then offers a definition of an academic discipline and of a profession and distinguishes between them by examining the development of curricula in the field of aging in two contexts: social work studies, on the one hand, and specialization in gerontology toward a Master's degree in this area at Haifa and Ben-Gurion Universities, on the other. A model is presented that examines the mutuality among the evolutions in technology, demography, and information, and their significance in the development of standards in education, training, and the dissemination of gerontological knowledge. 相似文献
12.
国际国内形势的发展与变化，使当代大学生的思想受到不同程度的影响。这就给高校思想政治教育工作带来了难度，也提出了新的挑战。因此，教育工作要运用已有的经验与科学的方法做好思想政治工作。其中，转变观念是先导，精选内容是核心，真诚态度是前提，摸准脉搏是突破口，情感教育是基础，以理服人是原则，开展活动是载体，以美育人是艺术，机制与手段创新是关键，注意实效是结果。只有这样，思想政治教育才能达到预期的目的。 相似文献
13.
When a crisis occurs in the school setting, school officials must be prepared to handle the situation effectively and efficiently. One of the ways school officials can handle a crisis situation is through the use of crisis intervention teams. The steps in establishing a crisis intervention team in a school setting include: determining goals, performing a needs assessment, finding model programs, developing a membership pool, developing a training program, preparing and maintaining a list of resources and plans for support services, establishing a communication network, designating a base of operations, planning team meetings, keeping records, and implementing the phases of debriefing. A crisis management scenario is presented and discussed in terms of the steps. 相似文献
14.
Classroom stories of multicultural teaching and learning 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Joann Phillion 《课程研究杂志》2013,45(3):281-300
This is the second of three papers based on a 20-month study of teaching and learning in a diverse classroom in a downtown community school in Toronto, Canada. The purpose of the research was to describe the details of teaching and learning in a multicultural classroom and to document successful strategies in working with immigrant and minority students. The three papers detail the process by which this focus on classroom life led to a critique of the literature and to a new way to think about multicultural teaching and learning, which I call 'narrative multiculturalism'. In this paper, I provide a sampling of stories that illustrate what contributed to my changing thinking about multiculturalism. Four short stories focus on a participant teacher in her school, in her classroom and in interaction with her students. The stories illuminate the complexity of multicultural teaching and qualities of narrative multiculturalism. In the analysis of the stories I explore multicultural understandings that developed from the experience of being in the classroom, being in relationship with a teacher participant, and our on-going dialogue. 相似文献
15.
崔立斌 《天津师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2005,16(6):75-78
先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语跟名词作主语、宾语是不同的，先秦汉语动词作主语、宾语有四种不同情形：动词作主语、宾语；动词作主语、宾语后活用为名词；动词作主语、宾语时兼有名词性质；动词跟作主语、宾语的词是不同的单位。因此，先秦汉语动词的活用和兼类就少一些。 相似文献
16.
刘宏 《黄冈师范学院学报》2006,26(2):6-10,20
《金瓶梅》是明代第一奇书,然而,对其作者至今众说纷纭。而“金学”界热疑的作者大都寓居过麻城,且与《金瓶梅》最早收藏者刘承禧有着密切的关系。《金瓶梅》里大量麻城方言的采用,体现出鲜明的地方特色,进一步说明作者是以麻城市井生活为模本进行艺术创作的。 相似文献
17.
潘克森 《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,45(4):21-24
本文从省级信访部门分流处理信访事项的流程和形式出发,分析了＂格式化＂发函与＂个性化＂发函的差异、原因和效果,梳理了＂个性化＂发函的流程、方式、效用和四大效果,最终认为信访工作要取得更大的效果或消弥更多的社会矛盾,个性化发函交办是其中最便捷最有效的手段。 相似文献
18.
张爱玲的中篇小说《小艾》以女性言说的文学立场叙述了一个新旧交替时代的故事,作家以悲悯的心态描写了不同女性迥异的人生经历,从女性的角度探讨和追求特定时代作为人的女性的意义和价值。 相似文献
19.
This article emerges from a recent review of evidence, conducted by the authors and others, on the lifelong barriers to widening participation in higher education in England. This has led us to a consideration of the quality and relevance of the research activity in this large field of endeavour, and to the creation of a typology of the kinds of widespread problems we then encountered. These include pseudo‐research, poor quality reporting of research, deficiencies in datasets, analytical errors, a lack of suitable comparators, obfuscation, a lack of scepticism in general, and the regular misattribution of causal links in particular. The article discusses each of these, and illustrates them using generally high‐profile research studies and publications. We found a substantial proportion of non‐empirical pieces. Of the remainder, we found a substantial proportion that did not report sufficiently well their methods or their findings. Of the remainder that were empirical and did explain their methods and findings sufficiently, we found a substantial proportion in which the findings could not support the conclusions drawn from them. The article ends with a plea for a great deal more ‘learning’ and openness to new ideas among those engaged, lifelong, in researching lifelong learning. 相似文献
20.
Despina A. Stylianou 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2010,13(4):325-343
Current reform efforts call for an emphasis on the use of representation in the mathematics classroom across levels and topics.
The aim of the study was to examine teachers’ conceptions of representation as a process in doing mathematics, and their perspectives
on the role of representations in the teaching and learning of mathematics at the middle-school level. Interviews with middle
school mathematics teachers suggest that teachers use representations in varied ways in their own mathematical work and have
developed working definitions of the term primarily as a product in problem solving. However, teachers’ conception of representation
as a process and a mathematical practice appears to be less developed, and, as a result, representations may have a peripheral
role in their instruction as well. Further, the data suggested that representation is viewed as a topic of study rather than
as a general process, and as a goal for the learning of only a minority of the students—the high-performing ones. Implications
for mathematics teacher education, prospective and practicing, are discussed. 相似文献