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1.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101280
International mobility in academia can enhance the human and social capital of researchers and consequently their scientific outcome. However, there is still a very limited understanding of the different mobility patterns among scholars with various socio-demographic characteristics. By studying these differences, we can detect inequalities in access to scholarly networks across borders, which can cause disparities in scientific advancement. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigate to what extent individuals’ factors (e.g., country, career stage, and field of research) associate with the mobility of male and female researchers. Second, we explore the relationship between mobility and scientific activity and impact. For this purpose, we used a bibliometric approach to track the mobility of authors. To compare the researchers’ scientific outcomes, we considered the number of publications and received citations as indicators, as well as the number of unique co-authors in all their publications. We also analyzed the co-authorship network of researchers and compared centrality measures of “mobile” and “non-mobile” researchers. Results show that researchers from North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly female ones, have the lowest, respectively, highest tendency towards international mobility. Having international co-authors increases the probability of international movement. Our findings uncover gender inequality in international mobility across scientific fields and countries. Across genders, researchers in the Physical sciences have the most and in the Social sciences the least rate of mobility. We observed more mobility for Social scientists at the advanced career stage, while researchers in other fields prefer to move at earlier career stages. Also, we found a positive correlation between mobility and scientific outcomes, but no apparent difference between females and males. Indeed, researchers who have started mobility at the advanced career stages had a better scientific outcome. Comparing the centrality of mobile and non-mobile researchers in the co-authorship networks reveals a higher social capital advantage for mobile researchers. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether scientific mobility, either between countries or between affiliations has an effect on researchers’ productivity and impact. In order to investigate this issue, we examined the relationships between the number of institutional affiliations and countries of the top 100 authors in seven disciplines. The selected authors’ profiles contained the number of affiliations and countries each author is assigned. We studied the number of affiliations and countries and compared them to three bibliometric indicators: the number of publications in international, peer-reviewed journals, h-index and Field Weighted Citations Impact. Our findings show that although there are differences in the relationship between mobility, productivity and impact between disciplines, mobility between at least two affiliations has an overall positive effect on both output and impact while mobility between countries does not. Therefore, in most disciplines positive impact and productivity effects are tracked in affiliation mobility within a single country. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]近年来全球范围内的科研人员流动越来越频繁,对流入国和流出国均产生较大影响。本文旨在分析全球范围内科研人员流动的模式及其影响因素。[研究设计/方法]以ORCID数据集中全球范围内的35.7万有博士学位的学者的简历(含教育背景和任职经历等)作为数据来源,从生源国、博士培养国、就业国三个层面,将学者的流动模式分为五类:A-A-A、A-A-B、A-B-B、A-B-A、A-B-C(A、B、C指不同的国家),采用多分类无序逻辑回归模型等研究方法,探讨五种流动模式的影响因素。[结论/发现]①跨国流动的科研人员占少数(近四成);②来自发达国家的科研人员中,发文量突出者或高水平论文数量突出者更倾向于跨国就业;③来自发展中国家的科研人员中,发文量虽不突出但高水平论文数量较多者更倾向于留在获取博士学位的国家就业。[创新/价值]用ORCID数据集追踪全球科研人员流动的方法具有新颖性,对科研人员流动模式及其影响因素的分析可以为我国人才发展战略提供借鉴。 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(3):101311
With the rapid globalization of science, mobility is perceived as an important driver of scientific progress and innovation success. However, we have little knowledge about whether and how scientists’ mobility influences their career development, especially scientists’ productivity and collaboration. In this case study, using the data on 62,330 scientists, the Chinese computer scientists who published at least one computer science paper and published no fewer than 10 papers in total from 2000 to 2012, we apply difference in differences models in conjunction with PSM methods to show the effect of domestic mobility (i.e., moving inside China) on scientists’ research quantity and quality by distinguishing the direction of mobility. In contrast to the existing literature that documents a short-term negative effect due to adaption costs or disruption of routines and social capital, we do not observe an initial detrimental impact of following moves on productivity and collaboration, even for non-upward moves. We further find that mobility leads to increased collaboration with new partners without dampening scientists’ collaboration with previous collaborators. However, scientists have a higher probability of collaborating with new collaborators, as evidenced by the decreased share of previous collaborators to the total co-authors after they move. The findings of this case study imply that the benefits of mobility might outweigh its costs and that mobility improves scientists’ productivity and collaboration for prolific scientists in emerging countries. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study examines the patterns of news engagement among news consumers with different political affiliation and cultural background. We use computational methods and data from Twitter in a cross-country comparison of engagement with six online news sources in Australia and South Korea. For our analysis, we used a subset of Twitter users who retweeted at least one political story during the period of collection, and for whom we were able to predict political affiliation using correspondence analysis and data on Twitter follower ties to politicians. We find that right-wing Australian retweeters are more intense in their news engagement, compared with their left-wing counterparts, whereas in South Korea it was the opposite. Australian right-wing political retweeters have more diverse information sources, while there was no difference in information diversity between the right and left in South Korea. We discuss how the political situation in South Korea at the time of data collection may have affected our analysis. We emphasise the methodological contributions of our research and its connection to on-going research into the behavioural foundations of ‘filter bubbles’. 相似文献
6.
Do academic journals favor authors who share their institutional affiliation? To answer this question we examine citation counts, as a proxy for paper quality, for articles published in four leading international relations journals during the years 2000–2015. We compare citation counts for articles written by “in-group members” (authors affiliated with the journal’s publishing institution) versus “out-group members” (authors not affiliated with that institution). Articles written by in-group authors received 18% to 49% fewer Web of Science citations when published in their home journal (International Security or World Politics) vs. an unaffiliated journal, compared to out-group authors. These results are mainly driven by authors who received their PhDs from Harvard or MIT. The findings show evidence of a bias within some journals towards publishing papers by faculty from their home institution, at the expense of paper quality. 相似文献
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Scientists from universities are becoming more proactive in their efforts to commercialize research results. Patenting, as an important channel of university knowledge transfer, has initiated a controversy on potential effects for the future of scientific research. This paper contributes to the growing study on the relationship between patenting and publishing among faculty members with China's evidence in the field of nanotechnology. Data from top 32 most prolific universities in patenting are used to examine the relationship, consisting of 6321 confirmed academic inventors who both publish and patent over the time period 1991–2008. By controlling for heterogeneity of patenting activities, patenting experience, institutional affiliation and collaboration with foreign researchers, the findings in China's nanotechnology generally support earlier investigations concluding that patenting activity does not adversely affect research output. Patenting, however, has negative impacts on both quantity and quality of university researchers’ publication output, when the assignee lists include corporations or scientists themselves. 相似文献
8.
Mohammadamin Erfanmanesh Muzammil Tahira A. Abrizah 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2017,33(4):421-432
Over the years, the number of journals indexed in Scopus has increased, although it varies significantly between countries. The increasing proportion of international journals of a country provides new venues for papers from that country to be seen by other researchers worldwide. In this work, we evaluate the relationship of a country’s scientific performance or publication success with both its journals’ quantity and quality. The specific objective of the study is to identify the relationship between the country’s publication success and the quantity and quality of those country’s journals indexed in Scopus during 2005–2014. The publication success of 102 individual countries, measured by their scientific productivity, impact and collaboration indicators, the quantity of country’s Scopus-indexed journals in 2014 (a total of 22,581 journals) as well as the quantity of its journals were investigated. Scopus-indexed journals are predominantly from Western Europe (48.9%) and North America (27.7%), with the United States and the United Kingdom dominate with a total 51%. The contribution from the peripheral countries is comparatively small, however there are a good number of contributions from the South-East Asian countries. Estonia is the fastest growing country in terms of having indexed journals in Scopus, following by Iran and Malaysia. Among the studied indices, it was found that publication success (total publications and total citations) of 102 countries are strongly correlated with quantity (number of indexed journals and number of documents published in indexed journals) and quality (citations per paper, SJR, h-index, CiteScore and SNIP) indicators of country’s journals. We can conclude that the scientific productivity of a country depend critically on the number of journals indexed from that country in citation databases. The study provides a context with which the relative success of publications can be assessed, yielding new insights into the scientific impact of individual countries and the performance of journals that they published. 相似文献
9.
Sunny S.K. Lam 《亚洲交流杂志》2013,23(3):322-340
Information communication technologies (ICTs) create new channels and repertoires for mediated communication among parents and their children in mobile locations, thus playing a special role in reinvigorating intergenerational family solidarity in contemporary translocal China. For China's rapid, uneven economic development since 1978, social mobility has been fast growing and many family members are separated into different locations for seeking upward mobility as reciprocal aspirations. Some cases of translocal Chinese, studying, working, and living apart from their elderly parents were studied to investigate ICT's impact on family solidarity within the new dynamics of more symbolic and symmetrical family obligations and interactions. Their demonstrations of redefined sociability and intergenerational relationships via connected presence provide a promising new direction for social support and knowledge exchanges in translocal China with a special attention to the multifacets of mobilities and localities in the lives of the contemporary Chinese. A new model of family solidarity is proposed by the proper use of ICTs as new channels for intergenerational communication to supplement but not to replace the traditional ways of ‘togetherness’ by face-to-face interaction among the elderly Chinese parents and their adult children in remote locations. And this is deployed to reinvigorate parent–child relationships of the ‘relational families’ characterized by ‘autonomy of the generations’ in a balance of individualism and collectivism for seeking upward mobility and social cohesion in order to partly solve the social pressure of aging population and rural–urban divide, especially under the special conditions of China's one-child policy and jumping scale of economic development. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Informetrics》2022,16(2):101261
This paper presents an analysis of several dimensions of scientific performance across all research disciplines measured by seven essentially different indicators that quantify productivity (absolute and fractional), collaboration (general, per publication, and international), independence from (co)advisors, and citations. The study population consists of all researchers who have obtained a Ph.D. degree in Slovenia since the country's independence in 1991. We assign researchers to 234 disciplines based on their Ph.D. thesis’ UDC classification; for each researcher, only bibliographic data for the first 10 years of their careers were used in order to avoid inconsistencies due to different career stages.While our findings show that there are notable differences between disciplines for all indicators, we also find that the trends for individual indicators are similar for the vast majority of disciplines; specifically, we observe that the fractional productivity and independence from (co)advisors of researchers are decreasing in all disciplines throughout the observed period, whereas collaboration (general, per publication, and international), and the number of citations are increasing. Moreover, our research results expose two disciplines in terms of UDC classification (mathematics and natural sciences (UDC 5), and applied sciences, medicine, technology (UDC 6)), which stand out in terms of the analyzed indicators. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Informetrics》2020,14(2):101037
A large number of overseas elites were brought back to China by the policy in the past decade. However, name disambiguation defied investigations on the relationship between their mobility and research performance. By taking advantage of the ORCID website and applying causal inference strategies, we investigated 2489 China-connected scientists’ academic performance in the Web of Science database in terms of their job mobility, including 1388 scientists who moved to China the treatment group, and 1101 scientists with a possibility to move to China the control group. The results show that first, scientists moving to China have a new growth pattern where both their productivity and the rates of being corresponding authors in publications grew more rapidly than before; however, they made fewer contributions to the four top journals, Nature, Science, Cell, and PNAS. Second, the research performance of the scientists is affected by the time of mobility towards China, the countries from which they moved, and the disciplines of their publications. Last, China now maintains symmetrical inflow-outflow patterns with most countries, especially developed countries in Europe and North America, with only a few exceptions (e.g., Pakistan). 相似文献
12.
[目的/意义]科学家的职业流动容易受到政策的影响。本文旨在通过回归模型分析人才计划与科学家职业流动的关系,特别是与其职业流动方向的关系。对于我国未来的人才政策制定具有参考价值。[研究设计/方法]本文以入选长江学者特聘计划的科学家为样本,构建其职业经历数据,并通过双重差分模型分析入选人才计划对职业流动行为的影响。[结论/发现]研究发现,入选长江计划促进了科学家的职业流动。在入选长江计划5年内,科学家更多地从东部地区向中西部地区流动,也更多地向排名级别更低的高校流动。[创新/价值]在研究方法上使用了回归模型而非描述性分析;研究结论为认知人才计划对科学家职业流动的影响提供了新的角度。 相似文献
13.
从ESI 高被引作者库中的华人科学家入手,通过网络搜集到其中233名科学家的履历信息,对其进行深度加工。根据科技人才流动的维度定义流动性指数,从而对科技人才的流动情况进行测度。在此基础上,从社会网络分析视角对高层次科技人才的流动网络结构、人才流动的典型模式进行研究,探讨高层次人才流动特征。指出从海外华人高层次科技人才流动的典型模式看,应加强与美国、新加坡、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大的海外人才的合作交流机制的建设,积极利用师生传承、同窗同事、国际会议、来访互访等各种资源和渠道进行更深层次、更大范围的合作与交流。此外,应尽快建设国家层面的高层次人才数据库。 相似文献
14.
Marek Kosmulski 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(3):693-698
A new method of assessment of scientific papers, scientists, and scientific institutions was defined. The significance of a paper was assessed by the definition of the largest (the most prestigious) set, including that paper in its h-core. The sets of papers were defined by affiliation (country, city, university, department) or by subject (branches and sub-branches of science, journal). The inclusion of a paper in the h-core of certain set(s) was used as an indicator of the significance of that paper, and of the scientific output of its author(s), of their scientific institution(s), etc. An analogous procedure was used to assess the contribution of an individual to the scientific output of his/her scientific institution, branch of science, etc. 相似文献
15.
[目的/意义]科研人员已成为知识经济时代重要的人才要素,其在全球范围内的流动关乎各国人才战略。分析科研人员流动的性别差异,有助于更好地了解流动模式,同时有利于国家人才引进机制的完善。[研究设计/方法]在分析流动频次、回流倾向、流动时期选择的性别差异基础上,提出三个研究假设,根据假设提取并分析了ORCID数据库中截止2017年底的有跨国流动经历的26,315位科研人员简历。[结论/发现]①科研人员在流动频次上具有显著的性别差异,女性科研人员的流动频次少于男性;当流动次数增加时,对应人员比例降低;②在回流倾向上,女性与男性并无显著差异,英国的男性和西班牙的女性最倾向于回流;③科研人员在流动时期的选择上无显著的性别差异,男女均在职业生涯早期流动更多。[创新/价值]揭示了男女科研人员在流动中的不同倾向,为进一步探讨不同背景和条件下的差异现象及本质并寻求解决方法奠定了基础。 相似文献
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[目的/意义] 在规范化和重构中国科研人员ORCID履历的基础上,深入分析中国科研人员的国际流动趋势及特点,为国家人才政策的制订提供实证依据。[方法/过程] 充分利用科学文献的作者关联信息,采用数据挖掘方法实现中国科研人员个人履历的重构,并从地理区域分布、流动模式、时间趋势和流动效益等视角,深入地讨论他们的国际流动趋势。[结果/结论] 随着中国科技创新水平的提升,中国人才流动模式逐渐呈现多元化趋势。中国与"一带一路"沿线国家形成人才环流态势,近5年人才回流趋势显著,中国迎来留学生回国就业的高潮。但整体上看,中国人才流失的现象依然严重,对优质人才的吸引力较弱,主要表现为中国科研人员的引进和流失数量失衡,人才内外交流的质量存在一定提升空间。 相似文献
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基于传统信息系统采纳模型,结合心理学和行为科学相关理论,从一般技术因素、特定技术因素、用户心理因素和社会影响因素四个方面构建了一个整合的移动图书馆用户采纳行为的结构方程模型,并且采用SPSS 17．0和PLS结构方程软件对模型和假设进行检验。实证结果表明：感知易用性、感知移动性、用户创新性、感知信任和网络外部性是影响用户采纳移动图书馆的主要因素,而感知有用性、感知货币价值和社会规范对用户采纳移动图书馆的影响不显著。 相似文献
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科学数据仓储为科学数据提供存储、管理和共享等服务,有利于促进我国科学数据战略的实施。通过调研我国在re3data中注册的科学数据仓储,运用SWOT分析法并融合PEST模型,分析re3data中我国科学数据仓储的发展现状并从政府、科研机构和高校图书馆以及学术出版商等建设主体的角度提出适合我国国情的科学数据仓储发展策略,以推进我国科学数据仓储高质量发展。 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Informetrics》2019,13(3):771-784
This paper proposes two novel measures to study the geographic mobility of faculty members from their graduating institutions in the United States: a continuous measure using geographic distance and a discrete one concerning the concept of Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The joint application of the two novel measures to a hand-collected hiring network dataset including more than 15,000 faculty members in three disparate disciplines (business, computer science, and history) leads to interesting findings regarding geographic mobility of American professors from graduating institutions, defined by relocation distance or cross-MSA from the PhD granting institution and the hiring institution. Overall, American faculty exhibits high geographic mobility from their graduating institutions in terms of relocation distance and cross-MSA moves. History faculty members have the highest mobility while those in business show the lowest mobility. We further find that assistant professors show the highest mobility while full professors show lowest mobility. In addition, while there is little distance difference between male and female faculty members overall, female faculty members are less likely to move between MSAs or regions in the United States. 相似文献