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1.
Peter Hough 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(10):1287-1305
Academic treatments of football have tended to focus either on the game's capacity to inspire xenophobic hooliganism amongst its followers or how it has been exploited by politicians for nationalistic purposes. This article seeks to readdress the imbalanced impression of football's social and political impact presented in this literature and in the dominant media discourse by highlighting the positive contributions made by the world's most popular sport to international relations by facilitating communication and respect for global rules of fair play. 相似文献
2.
结合上海建设体育科技创新平台和国际一流赛事之都的时代背景,展开对上海建设具有全球影响力的体育资源配置中心的内涵研究。文章运用文献资料法、实地调研等定性与定量的研究方法,通过科学界定体育资源配置中心的内涵,构建上海建设具有全球影响力的体育资源配置中心的技术指标,分析上海体育资源配置的现状与存在的问题,探讨上海建设具有全球影响力的体育资源配置中心的契机,设计上海建设具有全球影响力的体育资源配置中心的步骤与目标,提出上海建设具有全球影响力的体育资源配置中心的政策建议与保障机制。 相似文献
3.
Victor D. Cha 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(11):1581-1610
The study of international relations purports to explain how nation-states and individuals interact around the globe. Yet one major area of such interaction – international sport – remains exceedingly understudied. This in spite of the fact that countries have gone to war over sport, fought for sovereign recognition through sport, and that citizens around the world have it as a daily part of their lives. Indeed it is astounding that a phenomenon that matters so much has been so little studied by a field that purports to explain relations between states and humans around the world. These deficiencies became more apparent in 2008 when we witnessed the world's biggest country hosting the world's biggest sporting event. The Beijing Olympics, though entertaining and exciting, showed how little we have thought about the link between sport and international politics. This article introduces a framework for understanding the link between sport and politics. Its point of entry is to argue that many of the questions about how China portrayed itself during the Olympics and whether the Games marked China's rise as a responsible power cannot be answered without first understanding how sport in general is related to a country's political development, and its sense of nationhood. My arguments do not represent new breakthroughs in political science, rather I attempt merely to offer a systematic way of thinking about how sports and the Olympics matter in world politics through three inter-related causal pathways relating to a country's sense of self, its diplomacy, and its capacity for change. 相似文献
4.
The various ‘global events’ China has hosted in recent years, most notably the Beijing Olympics, have sparked debate on the country's projection of soft power and invited easy conclusions that China's global public diplomacy has successfully seduced the world via its rich traditional culture and astounding modernisation. A comparison with the London Olympic Games, however, would suggest otherwise. Not only do the two Games differ in relation to the cultural ingredients combined to create overarching themes, they also reveal divergent public diplomacy strategies pursued by the host countries and cities. China's well-orchestrated and nearly infallible debut reveals its adherence to a top-down centre-driven approach that seeks to project the values and messages desirable to the governing authorities. The British approach, in contrast, transcends the elitist tendency by involving a wider set of actors within and without the government for clauses that extend past elites' interests. As a result, although London's Games were less ‘speculator’ than those in Beijing in presentation, the former's public diplomacy legacy may prove more lasting and likely to gain the admiration of the rest of the world. 相似文献
5.
James M. Dorsey 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(3):422-439
Qatar is proving to be its own worst enemy in achieving its soft power goals by embedding itself in the international community as a good citizen despite having put crucial blocks in place. Its failure to convincingly follow through on promises to reform its controversial migrant labour system could lead to world soccer body FIFA depriving it of the right to host the 2022 World Cup. Meanwhile, Qatar has been unable to convince even its allies that it is serious about its pledges to stop a flow of funds to jihadist organizations. Among Qatari nationals whom the US Treasury has categorized as specially designated terrorist is a historian religion and former head of the Qatar Football Association (QFA), who was awarded for his contribution to Qatari sports. Those allegations have allowed Qatar's detractors to further question the Gulf state's suitability as a World Cup host.Qatar's problems are compounded by its lack of a robust communications strategy that would enable it to respond to legitimate criticism and counter attacks by its detractors, some of whom have invested significant amounts in causing Qatar significant reputational damage and diplomatic and political capital. That lack dates back to Qatar's initial response to massive criticism and attacks almost immediately after it was awarded the World Cup in late 2010. Qatari officials argued at the time that they could not win the public relations battle and therefore would wait until the storm blew over (Multiple interviews with Qatari officials in the period from 2011 to 2014). They rejected the notion that failure to engage amounted to surrender of the battlefield, losing an opportunity to conquer the moral high ground, and allowing a wound to fester (Multiple interviews by the author with Qatari officials between 2011 and 2014).The problem was the storm did not subside. It got worse with Qatar currently battling public relations battles on numerous fronts: persistent challenges to the integrity of its World Cup bid; accusations of enforcing modern slavery on migrant workers employed on World Cup-related projects; doubts about its ability to host one of the world's foremost mega sporting events; charges of funding and supporting militant Islamist groups; and adopting a foreign policy that puts it at odds with its neighbours and at times with its most important allies. 相似文献
6.
Simona Petracovschi 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(7):774-788
While the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984 constituted Romania's best performance ever, 2012 London Olympic Games were characterised by the worst performance in its history. During the time between these two events, the country went from being a communist regime to a liberal government. This transition invites consideration of the transformation Romania's sports policy underwent and its repositioning with regard to the Olympic Movement, both before and after the 1989 turning point. Analysis suggests that, in failing to professionalise Romanian sport, the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (COSR) was tempted to readopt a model of state-financed sport, with the aim of reinstating the nation to its former position among the world's sporting elite. 相似文献
7.
Geraldine Biddle-Perry 《Sport in History》2014,34(2):295-317
This essay explores the evolution of modern sporting goods retailing through the development of Gamage's (A.W. Gamage Holborn Ltd.) before the First World War. The essay examines how Gamage's exploited new models of fashionable consumerism to create a unique retail environment that directly targeted young male consumers enjoying modern forms of sporting and recreational activities. By the end of the nineteenth century, the so-called ‘People's Popular Emporium’ purported to be the ‘world's largest sport and athletic outfitter’. The essay considers Gamage's rise to prominence in a crucial period in the development of commodity culture. It examines the changing cultural form of shops and shopping in relation to the desires of a burgeoning mass market that sought to express and visibly display its economic, sporting, and social status. 相似文献
8.
近年来上海全球体育城市排名位次持续下降，这与卓越全球城市建设的愿景存在偏差。体育赛事作为体育城市发展的催化剂，在很大程度上会影响到国际机构对全球著名体育城市量化评估的基本看法。目前学者们没有给出“赛事之都”的确切定义，对体育赛事之都建设的广度和深度了解不够。在城市发展中，体育赛事往往被当作一个孤立的要素存在，缺乏与城市发展的融合。围绕城市发展战略，将赛事之都建设纳入上海全球著名体育城市建设之中，对“赛事之都”定位进行分析。调查发现：上海在建设世界一流国际体育赛事之都广度与深度方面取得了一定的成效，但存在赛事亲民化不足，由赛事推动的城市设施规划的大众利用转化率较低，缺乏国际话语权等问题。提出：上海在建设世界一流国际体育赛事之都过程中应进一步丰富赛事种类与级别，加快引进或成立体育赛事发展的专业性机构，提升依托赛事建设的体育设施社会服务效率。 相似文献
9.
《Sport in History》2013,33(1):25-48
This article traces the professional career and influence on sports broadcasting of Seymour Joly de Lotbinière, known within the BBC as ‘Lobby’. Lobby was the BBC's Director of Outside Broadcasts from 1935 to 1939, and then again encompassing radio and television from 1946 to 1952, before concentrating on television OBs from 1952 to 1955. He is widely credited with transforming the codes and conventions of radio running commentary as the BBC expanded its radio coverage of sport in the late 1930s and in the immediate post-war years. The article provides a brief biographical sketch of Lobby's upper-class background and privileged education and how this influenced his eventual career in broadcasting. Drawing on papers held in the BBC Written Archives and on autobiographical accounts of BBC commentators, the article analyses Lobby's development of the core principles of running commentary, the recruitment and management of commentators and his relations with the producers of sports coverage in Broadcasting House and the BBC's regional centres. The article concludes that Lobby's meticulous management and analytical approach to sports commentary had a significant influence on the institutional practices of the BBC's outside broadcasting department, an influence that continues to reverberate today. 相似文献
10.
Thomas Turner 《Sport in History》2015,35(1):127-155
During the 1960s, adidas was the world's leading sports footwear manufacturer. Based in Bavaria and with a history stretching to the 1920s, the company dominated elite sports through aggressive promotion and innovative shoes that catered to athletes' needs. The ‘Superstar’ is one of the company's most successful models, still in production over 40 years since its launch in the late 1960s. Designed to wrest control of the basketball market from American rubber companies, in the two decades that followed it developed cultural meanings far beyond those envisaged by adidas, becoming associated with hip hop, a youth music and subculture born in 1970s New York. Arguing that design is shaped by use and consumption is allied to practice, this article examines the processes by which the ‘Superstar’ came into being, placing it into a wider context of changes within basketball, corporate ambition, and international trade. Tracing the actions and influence of young consumers in New York, it also considers how new ways of thinking about the shoe arose, spread, and were eventually commodified by adidas. It argues that a product's meaning can never be fixed, that producers and consumers are engaged in a constant dialogue over how things are used and perceived. 相似文献
11.
Kudus Oluwatoyin Adebayo Olugbenga Samuel Falase Abel Akintunde 《Soccer & Society》2019,20(2):360-376
The spread of soccer viewing centres (SVCs) in Nigeria is one of the unfolding legacies of global sporting media in Africa. While, providing access to live broadcast of European soccer competitions, SVCs have developed into supplementary social spaces where culturally defined rules of social relations are contested. Using Goffman's notion of performance and Agbalagba in Yoruba normative system, in conjunction with sociological perspective on space, the study explores the context and processes in the transformation of age social relations in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria. Data were obtained through participant observation, and 23 in-depth interviews with viewing centre owners and soccer fans. Findings depict the SVC as a constructed space, with conflicting meanings, attitudes and practices, which inadvertently fracture and render fluid, the expectations of norms of age social relations. In conclusion, European soccer drives the spread of supplementary social spaces which impact local social structures in critical ways. 相似文献
12.
以刘翔在2003—2007年处于巅峰状态期间的7次国内外重大比赛中的成绩及谢文骏在2008—2014年期间的11次国内外重大比赛中的成绩作为研究对象,对刘翔与谢文骏的分段成绩、分段成绩与总成绩的灰色关联度进行了对比分析。研究结果发现,与刘翔相比,谢文骏全程10个分栏阶段和冲刺阶段的分段成绩都与刘翔有一定的差距,其中从均值看,第三栏、第四栏、第六栏的差距尤为明显。灰色关联分析发现,第五、六、八栏的分栏时间对刘翔的专项成绩影响最大,而对谢文骏专项成绩影响最大的前三栏则分别是第八、九、十栏。研究结果表明,刘翔各分段成绩对总成绩的影响具有与世界优秀110 m跨栏运动员非常相似的特征,而谢文骏则在后程跑阶段体现出一定的优势。 相似文献
13.
Mark Dyreson 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(1):172-184
The 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles witnessed a transformation in the economic, political and cultural dynamics of the modern Olympic movement. By the 1980s many observers worried that the Olympics tottered on the verge of extinction. Plagued by boycotts, terrorism and intractable national rivalries and beset by financial shortfalls, cost overruns and the expenditure of vast sums for ‘white elephant’ facilities, the list of potential suitors for hosting the games dwindled until only Los Angeles remained. The world had seemingly abandoned the Olympics as too costly and too controversial. Indeed, some forecasters predicted that Los Angeles would signal the death-knell of the modern games. Instead, the organisers of the Los Angeles Olympics transformed the economic, political and cultural dynamics of the games. Fuelled by television broadcasting funds and the billions of viewers that the medium brought to the spectacle, the Olympics in 1984 became a fundamental element in the emergence in the second half of the twentieth century of ‘global television’ – a vast new consumer culture that incorporated the world's nations into an amalgamated audience that shared experiences through their viewing habits. ‘Global television’ transformed the modern Olympic movement – a process that came into clear view in 1984 in Los Angeles. 相似文献
14.
Hans Bonde 《国际体育史杂志》2015,32(6):800-814
Around 1916–1917 the Danish gymnastics pedagogue Niels Bukh (1880–1950) created, in an international sense, a revolutionary men's gymnastics, and in 1920 he established Denmark's and the world's first folk high school of physical education and sport. During the 1930s, Niels Bukh and his team of gymnasts first became a symbol for the dynamic Danish farming community, and then for the face of Denmark both at home and abroad. Bukh changed the stereotypical male expression of bodily dynamics, which in Danish rural gymnastics had been almost military. He made it legitimate for the young lads to get in close physical contact and to work in pairs in order to create beautiful masculine gymnastic choreographies. Within the aesthetic history of masculinity, it has often been male homosexual aestheticians, designers, musicians, dancers, and so on who have opened new avenues for the expression of male emotion, which was a trademark of Bukh's achievements, too. 相似文献
15.
Tom Heenan 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(18):2135-2153
Until recently, Australia's cricketing past has been coloured by an anglocentric bias. Australian cricket writers, players and administrators mainly have deemed Australian series with subcontinental countries of much lesser importance than Ashes contests. In surveying Australia's cricketing relations with the subcontinent from the 1880s until Australia's first fully fledged official tour of the region in 1959–1960, this paper seeks to redress this imbalance. The paper explores how initial cricketing relations were viewed within the prism of Australia's traditional cricketing ties with England. This did not alter with India's attaining official Test match status in the 1930s. Australian tours of India were confined to unofficial teams, and it was not until 1947–1948 that the first official exchange occurred. As this paper documents, the importance of subcontinental cricket tours increased after the war, as both Labor and Liberal Coalition governments encouraged the use of cricket to foster diplomatic ties at a time of increasing decolonisation and when Indian and Australian external relations were ideologically opposed. The governments' efforts were not fully supported by many Australian cricketers and administrators. While some, such as the Australian captain Ian Johnson, embraced cricketing diplomacy, many of his colleagues coloured these new cricketing worlds with old Australian prejudices. 相似文献
16.
为捍卫体育精神和保护运动员的利益,国际体坛将纯洁体育视为不懈追求的目标。作为全球反兴奋剂最高权威机构,世界反兴奋剂机构为了能更好地完成纯洁体育的使命、回应质疑、捍卫公信力,进行了深入的组织架构调整,特别是在2018年和2022年对组织架构进行了较大的改革。通过文献资料、逻辑分析等方法梳理了世界反兴奋剂机构的建立及组织架构的概况,从世界反兴奋剂机构的独立性改革、开放性改革、管理职能改革、反兴奋剂能力改革四个维度阐述其改革实践,最后提出我国反兴奋剂中心组织机构的完善建议。 相似文献
17.
《Sport in History》2013,33(3):402-421
From the 1840s chess was a popular game among the middle classes in Britain, commanding great respect because it was regarded as being an ‘improving’ recreation. In 1851 London staged the world's first international chess tournament, and from then until the 1880s large numbers of players, both British and foreign, endeavoured to earn their living from the game. These ‘professionals’ were gradually undermined by two attacks on the game's respectability. Foreign players were attacked on simple xenophobic lines, but more broadly all professional chess players were also undermined by a disapproval of the financial element of the game. The paper pays particular attention to two professionals, Staunton and Steinitz, who embodied the transformation in attitudes towards professional chess. 相似文献
18.
James M. Dorsey 《国际体育史杂志》2014,31(14):1739-1754
The controversial awarding to Qatar of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the world's most important sporting event alongside the Olympic Games, has emerged as a potential monkey wrench for social and political change. The tournament has to the Qataris' surprise given international trade unions, human rights groups and a reluctant governing world soccer body, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), leverage they lacked prior to the awarding to pressure Qatar to radically reform the Gulf state's long-criticised labour system. It has also offered critics of the awarding of the event a stick with which to beat Qatar. In response, Qatar has pledged significant reform in a bid to secure achievement of its soft and subtle power goals and fend off demands that would fundamentally alter its political and social structures. In doing so, it is walking a tightrope, balancing the soft power-dictated need to embed itself favourably at multiple levels in the international community and defeat the mounting threat of losing the right to host the World Cup with maintaining a socially and politically restrictive system whose long-term viability is being called into question. 相似文献
19.
This contribution considers a variety of aspects of the bloodstock breeding world during the three decades following World War Two, focusing in particular on the breeders of thoroughbred horses and the attitudes of those breeders towards their calling. It is argued that even at this late stage of its history, the persistence of the Corinthian amateur ideal, a dogged indifference to the realities of social and economic change, and a high degree of institutional social exclusiveness was in part responsible for the relative decline of what had been, in the inter-war years, the world's pre-eminent bloodstock industry. 相似文献
20.
职业篮球运动员工会是维护职业篮球运动员合法权益的重要组织。鉴于实践领域的具体矛盾冲突,在中国男子篮球职业联赛（CBA）职业化发展趋向倒推劳资结构调整以及劳资纠纷中运动员的有效救济途径阙如的背景下,我国职业篮球运动员工会的建立具有现实必要性。从建构职业篮球劳资关系三方机制的维度来看,中国篮球协会改革已经进入深水区,CBA联盟已基本具备资方联盟形态,由中国篮球协会牵头组建独立的运动员工会是弥补我国职业篮球劳资关系三方机构结构缺失的关键之举,同时该建构模式是兼具合法性与现实性的可行之策。美国职业篮球运动员工会（NBPA）的建立为我国运动员工会的建立提供了可资参考的域外经验,应结合我国本土实际进行选择判断,应当明确独立性与渐进式是我国职业篮球运动员工会应具备的本质属性。 相似文献