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俄罗斯联邦将天才儿童视为提高其国际竞争力的重要保障。20世纪70年代至今,俄罗斯学者不断探索天才儿童教育,并获得了丰厚的成果,为天才儿童教育管理体系的建设提供了科学依据。俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系以师范类高校设立的天才儿童支持与发展机构为核心机构,本文以发展较为完备的阿尔泰国立师范大学设立的天资开发中心为例,介绍该中心内循环和外循环两个系统的结构和功能。俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系的特征主要体现为天才儿童教育与管理的系统性、师资培养与调配的统筹性、教育机构与文体保健和医疗机构合作的协同性。俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系实现了天才儿童发现、筛选、鉴别、教育与评价的系统化,为天才儿童成长与发展提供了个性化的持续支持。 相似文献
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天才儿童培养对于拔尖创新人才工作具有重要意义。文章梳理英国天才儿童教育的发展历史发现,英国的天才儿童教育起步较早,但由于政党交替而导致的政策不够连续的问题较为突出,并且受到社会思潮变化的影响,其教育观念也从最初关注精英教育转变为注重教育公平。因此,英国的天才儿童教育具有以下特点：在选拔和培养上,英国注重学校对天才儿童定义和选拔的自主权,并将天才儿童教育整合到主流学校教育中。在天才儿童教育的管理方面,也形成了较为完整的体系,其最突出的优势在于将天才教育深深地嵌入整体教育政策和更广泛的社会政策目标之中,这不仅有利于为天才儿童提供更好的教育,而且也有利于这一领域工作的可持续性。总的来说,英国天才儿童教育在理论和实践方面均取得了较为显著的成就。 相似文献
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随着国际竞争的加剧,人才培养成为各国提升国力的重要途径,天才儿童的选拔和培养也成为各国教育的重要内容。在此背景下,南非积极探索构建天才儿童教育体系的有效路径。经过梳理文献发现,南非天才儿童教育始于20世纪20年代,1994年之后纳入主流教育体系。南非政府主要通过制定法律法规、政策适度引导、支持教师专业建设三个方面保障天才儿童教育的实施。在培养体系上注重选拔工具多样化,培养课程差异化,升学途径多元化。但由于过于强调教育的包容性,加之天才儿童教育本身的复杂性和艰巨性,南非天才儿童教育仍面临较大的困难和挑战。 相似文献
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文章介绍了俄联邦支持天才儿童教育的情况，包括制定天才儿童教育纲要，为天才儿童的教育发展创造良好的条件，所需资金由国家财政拨款。 相似文献
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培养拔尖创新人才是国家长远发展的大计,天才儿童是拔尖创新人才的重要来源。随着对人才认识的不断加深,世界各国开始重新认识天才儿童,其内涵不断丰富,由单维智力转为多维能力和才能,由关注静态能力转为关注个体与环境互动过程中能力的动态发展。我国素来重视天才儿童教育,新中国成立以来,对天才儿童教育的探索也历经积极探索时期和创新实践时期,并取得了一定的成效。如总结了科学化的鉴别标准和工具;探索了多样化的培养模式;培养了一批优秀人才。但目前我国的天才儿童教育还面临着缺乏新近独立自主知识产权的选拔测评系统,专业选拔和评价队伍有待提高,管理和保障制度不完善等挑战。在新时代,应进一步明确天才儿童教育的目标与原则,不断创新路径,推动我国天才儿童教育迈向新台阶。 相似文献
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天才儿童教育已经成为印度尼西亚特殊教育发展的一块重要拼图。印尼天才儿童教育着力从法律法规、发展政策、经费投入、师资培养等方面构建保障体系,在天才儿童选拔过程中注重多轮、多维测试,发展了特殊学校、特殊班级以及与常规教育融合等培养模式,并通过差异化、加速化和丰富化三种培养方式对天才儿童进行个性化培养。同时,印尼高校为天才学生升学提供了多种招录方式,以全国天才儿童协会为代表的协会组织也在印尼天才儿童教育中扮演着重要角色。 相似文献
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关于天才儿童教育的争论除了源于教育理念本身的差异外,还有一个隐蔽的重要原因,那就是“天才”这个词在我国的社会文化生活中代表了两种截然不同的概念一是文学隐喻的“天才”概念二是专业研究的“天才”概念。两种概念的交叉混用导致人们种种不正确的教育观念和行为,严重阻碍了我国天才儿童教育发展的进程。本文拟对“人人都是天才”、“培养天才”这两个隐喻表达在教育中的错误理解和消极影响进行分析,以澄清“天才”的两种概念及天才儿童教育的专业内涵。 相似文献
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韩国在天才儿童教育方面具有成熟且丰富的经验。在支撑保障体系方面,为天才儿童教育提供专门法律政策保障、师资保障和经费支持。在选拔与鉴别方面,融合多样的选拔标准与形式、立足多主体的在线甄选程序和保障教育公平的多重选拔视角,从源头上确保天才儿童教育的质量。在培养体系方面,通过多种类型的教育机构、灵活多样的课程设置和严把“出口关”的考核评价保障天才儿童的培养质量。 相似文献
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选取10岁超常儿童共74名,其中城市超常儿童34名,流动超常儿童40名。采用问卷法,考察了两组超常儿童在自我概念和家庭教养方式上的差异,分析了家庭教养方式对超常儿童自我概念水平的影响,结果表明：（1）城市和流动超常儿童在自我概念上的差异主要表现在城市超常儿童的非学业自我概念要显著高于流动超常儿童。（2）在家庭教养方式方面,城市超常儿童在情感温暖理解这一维度上的得分明显地高于流动超常儿童,而在惩罚严厉、过分干涉、拒绝否认、过度保护这四个维度上的得分均低于流动超常儿童。（3）家庭教养方式中的情感温暖理解、过分保护和拒绝否认对超常儿童的自我概念总分有较好的预测作用。具体来说,家庭教养方式对学业自我概念和非学业自我概念的影响是不同的,家庭教养方式中的情感温暖理解对超常儿童的学业自我概念有较好的预测作用,而成长环境和家庭教养方式中的情感温暖因素对超常儿童的非学业自我概念有较好的预测作用。 相似文献
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The term “intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children” refers to intellectually gifted children who are in migration from rural to urban areas. We compared performances on seven attention tasks among intellectually gifted (n = 26) and average (n = 30) rural-to-urban migrant and intellectually gifted urban children (n = 31). Our results showed that intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children performed more correctly and faster on some attention tasks than did the intellectually average rural-to-urban migrant children, but they did not perform as well on some attention tasks as did the intellectually gifted urban children. Based on the attentional structures, it was evident the intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children developed more mature than did either the intellectually gifted urban or the intellectually average rural-to-urban migrant children. This suggests the intellectually gifted rural-to-urban migrant children’s attention is overall superior to that of their intellectually average peers. However, there are advantages and disadvantages in terms of the quality of their attention compared to the intellectually gifted urban children. While their attentional structures seem to develop earlier, their accuracy on some of the attention tasks seems to suffer. This suggests that rural-to-urban migration is a double-edged sword for intellectually gifted children. 相似文献
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Ting Tao 《High Ability Studies》2018,29(1):23-35
The education of gifted children is of considerable interest. The present study focused on the effect of enriched education on intellectually gifted children’s attention. In the present study, 7–12-year-old children completed seven tests of attention (alertness, focused attention, divided attention, attentional switching, sustained attention, spatial attention, and supervisory attention) to investigate the differences among intellectually gifted children under different educational environments. The results showed that intellectually gifted children who received enriched education had better attentional performance than did intellectually gifted children who received standard education. The result affords theoretical support for gifted-education practice. 相似文献
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This study, conducted in Israel, examined the social and emotional difficulties of gifted children, in comparison with nongifted children. The gifted children were further compared in two educational settings: segregated classes and pull-out programs. The 974 participants were from the fifth to twelfth grades. The dependent variables included loneliness, social competence, empathy, and self-concept. The results indicated that gifted children score higher on need fulfillment, empathy, academic self-concept, and lack of emotional anxiety and lower on self-disclosure and physical self-concept. Few differences were found between the two settings for gifted children. The conclusion is that gifted children differ from nongifted children only on some of the social–emotional variables examined, mainly for the better. 相似文献
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超常儿童健康成长的主客观条件 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过整理和总结 2 0年来对 14 0余名超常儿童进行的追踪研究 ,概括出了超常儿童成长过程的五种不同的类型 ;分析了造成不同类型的原因 ;讨论了超常儿童健康成长的主客观条件 ,以及两者的相互作用 ;并提出了对教育的建议。 相似文献
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The present experiment contrasted the recall of gifted and nongifted middle-school children for sets of categorically related items. Subjects were given a single free-recall trial on each of two lists consisting of category-typical and category-atypical words. The typicality of the items for one list was based on each subject's unique typicality ratings, whereas the typicality of the items in the second list was based on adult norms. A preliminary category-rating task indicated that gifted students were somewhat more similar to adults in their ratings of category typicality than nongifted children. Recall was comparable between the gifted and nongifted subjects for typical items, but greater for the gifted subjects for atypical items. The latency between the recall of unrelated words was faster for the gifted than the nongifted children. Subjects were classified as strategic or nonstrategic on the basis of clustering and interitem latencies. Gifted subjects were less apt to be classified as strategic than nongifted subjects on the typical items of the self-generated list; there were no differences in the classification between the gifted and nongifted children for all other contrasts. These results were interpreted as indicating that the cognitive advantage of gifted relative to nongifted children is more apt to be in terms of nonstrategic rather than strategic functioning. 相似文献
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本研究选取2-5岁超常儿童46名、普通儿童54名,通过实验考察了早期超常儿童的计数及其策略。结果显示:(1)超常儿童更早掌握“一一对应”的计数原则;(2)4岁前,超常儿童相对同龄普通儿童能掌握更大范围的基数;特别是3-4岁超常儿童,基本已经掌握了20以内的基数概念,显著优于同年龄普通儿童;(3)2-5岁超常儿童普遍具有比同年龄普通儿童更好的计数策略;(4)4-5岁超常儿童相对同龄普通儿童和3-4岁超常儿童,能够更有效地运用计数策略完成“随机性”计数任务。 相似文献
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Annemarie Roeper 《Roeper Review》2013,35(4):246-247
This study examined whether gifted students in Texas who had learning disabilities were being identified for gifted programs. Results from a survey of gifted program coordinators (n = 388) demonstrated that few school districts (n = 75) reported selecting gifted children with learning disabilities for gifted programs. However, districts that did modify their selection process in order to include these children as well as school districts that identified more than 5% of their students for gifted programs were the most likely to include children with learning disabilities. 相似文献
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School psychologists in today's schools have the unique opportunity—and responsibility—to guide identification for gifted programs. “Who is gifted?” remains a perennial question in the gifted education literature, not answered by group intelligence screeners that purportedly level the playing field for all. As the student body grows more diverse, there is increasing necessity to ensure that all students have equal access to gifted programs. Failure to identify and develop the advanced abilities of gifted children who are culturally diverse, economically deprived, highly gifted, or twice exceptional is justifiably viewed as a civil rights violation. The National Association for Gifted Children's 2018 position statement, “Use of the WISC-V for Gifted and Twice Exceptional Identification,” offers important considerations for identifying the gifted. Based on a national research study of 390 gifted children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V), the statement recommends that the traditional practice of mandating Full Scale intelligence quotient scores be abandoned. Instead, it embraces the use of any one of six expanded index scores that are better measures of abstract reasoning for selecting students for gifted provisions. As gifted children are oftentimes asynchronous, alternate index scores are less biased and better able to document the strengths of all gifted children. What is learned from the WISC-V can be applied by school psychologists to improve the choice of comprehensive individual intelligence tests, brief intelligence tests, and the body of evidence gifted children must exhibit. 相似文献
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从特质、鉴别以及干预等方面综述了国内外注意力缺陷多动障碍超常儿童的研究进展.描述ADHD儿童与超常儿童共存的特质,对ADHD超常儿童与一般超常儿童和ADHD儿童进行比较;介绍智力测验、行为观察和创造力测验等多种鉴别方法,通过不同方法对多种能力进行评估可提高鉴别准确性;对ADHD超常儿童进行教育干预,既要通过药物和行为治疗,弥补其缺陷,更要设计合理的超常教育方案,促进其潜能的实现. 相似文献