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1.
Ruth A. Wilson Ph. D. 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1994,22(2):23-25
Conclusion Environmental education at the early childhood level is about fostering a sense of appreciation and caring. The adult's role
in the process is primarily that of sharing versus instructing: “sharing enthusiasm, curiosity, and wonder” (Dighe, 1993.
p. 59). Helping young children grow in their understanding and appreciation of the natural world can greatly benefit the development
of the child and has the potential for enhancing the humanearth relationship. 相似文献
2.
Duck-Joo Kwak 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2008,9(2):127-135
The contemporary educational discourse on critical thinking, as one of the primary aims of education. has been divided into
the spheres of modernist defense and post-modernist criticism. Critical of both positions, this paper attempts to find a new
way of employing critical thinking, especially for the purposes of moral education, by drawing on Bernard William’s concept
of “ethical reflection.” It will be shown that employing critical thinking for the fostering of ethical reflection in our
young students can lead them into an “understanding” of ethical, rather than “ethical knowledge,” which enables them to properly
deal with moral relativism in a culturally pluralistic society. This paper then explores the educational possibilities presented
by Socrates’ teaching method as an example of this employment, though not without consideration of the attendant educational
limitations and dangers. 相似文献
3.
Noel Gough 《The Australian Educational Researcher》2009,36(2):1-19
Australia is often portrayed as a place in which young people are in jeopardy. In 19th century literature and art, the recurring
motif of a child lost in “the bush” became an increasingly significant dimension of European settlers’ experiences of Australia,
whereas during the latter half of the 20th century analogous cultural narratives shifted towards urban environments and the
plight of young people endangered by their parents’ generation. In contemporary popular culture, Australia’s cities and suburbs
are places where children are aborted, abandoned, exploited, murdered or never conceived. Like the bush-lost children before
them, these “at risk” young people symbolise adult fears of self, society, and the future. My concern is that the most common
public policy response to these persistent fears and insecurities is to retreat to a politics of complexity reduction. Many
politicians and public opinion leaders see teachers and schools as being in the vanguard of people and institutions dedicated
to Australian children’s educational ruin, and simplistically seek to “protect” them with blunt instruments such as back-to-phonics
literacy and a national curriculum. I argue that Australia’s young people are much more seriously endangered by the symbolic
violence of those who position them as docile receptors of whatever schools and teachers serve up to them, and who treat them
as passive screens upon which to project their own anxieties. 相似文献
4.
This paper summarizes our analysis of the complexity of ratio problems at Grades 6 and 7, and reports a two-year experiment
related to the teaching and learning of rational numbers and proportionality in these grades. Two classes were followed and
observed. Part of the teaching material was common to both classes, mainly the objectives and the corpus of ratio problems
in a physical context. But in one class, here called “Partial-experiment”, the learning environment was exclusively a paper-pencil
one and the teacher followed his usual method in designing and conducting teaching sequences. In the other class, here called
“Full-experiment”, the teaching was based on a framework, emerging from our analysis of complexity of ratio problems, involving
precise guidelines and a specific computer environment. Using a pre-test and a post-test, we observed clear progress in both
classes compared to a sample of “standard” pupils. Our comparative pupil-oriented study indicates more complete improvement
in the “full-experiment” class, i.e., a better acquisition of fractions and their use for solving usual proportionality problems.
The average pupil’s progress is greater in the “full experiment”, with the pupils who were initially high- or low-level attainers
benefiting the most from the “full-experiment”. 相似文献
5.
The aim of this article is to shed light on some aspects of professional responsibility by investigating students’ visions
of future work and notions of professional responsibility. The data is based on interviews with samples of freshmen in three
educational programmes at the University of Oslo in Norway. The data has been analysed in relation to two thesis claimed by
Steven Brint: “The rise of a utilitarian ethos” in higher education and the movement from “social trustee professionalism”
to “expert professionalism”. The findings show that the students in our sample do not think of higher education primarily
as a means to get credentials that will be useful in the labour marked. An intellectual interest in the discipline is the
most prevalent reason for the students’ educational choices. Furthermore our findings support an orientation towards “expert
professionalism” rather than “social trustee professionalism”. But, embedded in the perspective of an expert there is an emphasis on ethical knowledge, moral and/or societal responsibility
and the wish to do good for others. However, the students’ sense of responsibility seems to be restricted to certain “localism”
of their specific occupation. Based on the findings we argue that the students reveal a moral awareness that should be taken
seriously by the educational institution in order to foster critical rationality and professional commitments. 相似文献
6.
This study explores an approach to autobiographical research based on a notion of “outlaw genre” autobiography referred to
as biomythography. Outlaw genres of autobiography resist the tendency of western autobiography to craft narratives that will
ultimately link the life of an individual to a universalised person—someone to whom all readers can relate. In this study,
photo essays are used to learn about prospective elementary teachers' stories of science and science education. The photo
essays and the theoretical framework of “biomythography” helped us reflect on layers mediating teaching and learning in our
courses. Implications of the study call for us to examine hegemonies extending from our students' personal histories as science
learners, and through mythologies of teacher education. Alternative research frameworks and approaches, such as those represented
in this study, might help science teacher educators explore myths undermining the preparation of future science teachers and
learners. 相似文献
7.
In this article we analyze the dialogic learning of one pair of students in order to investigate how these students cope with a collaborative learning situation in the classroom. Our aim is to substantiate the claims that not only are young students (8 year olds) capable of solving mathematical problems collaboratively, but that they also take an active role in regulating their collaborative learning activities. More specifically, our claim is that children appear to apply constructs of “mathematical level raising”, “social interaction” and “division of time” to steer their own collaborative learning and that they are rather successful in balancing these three aspects. The analysis is exploratory, but this new perspective on collaborative learning is relevant theoretically and consequential for classroom practice. 相似文献
8.
Marilyn Fleer 《Research in Science Education》2000,30(2):241-253
This paper presents a study of the design questions that children ask as they work technologically in school. Thirty-nine
school aged children's technological work on “cubby building” is mapped and discussed. Data sources included video recording,
worksamples, photographs with annotations of work in progress and when completed, and ethnographic field notes. The findings
support the view that children's design questions and briefs arise at various points throughout the lesson sequence, demonstrating
the iterative nature of design, make and appraise within and across lessons. The formulation of design questions evolved as
children interacted, negotiated, played and worked in technological ways. For young children, playing with the “product” or
“process” was an important part of working technologically. For the older children, the possession of technological skills
for joining materials to achieve the desired outcome was a key factor. 相似文献
9.
Life in the Hive: Supporting Inquiry into Complexity Within the Zone of Proximal Development 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Joshua A. Danish Kylie Peppler David Phelps DiAnna Washington 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2011,20(5):454-467
Research into students’ understanding of complex systems typically ignores young children because of misinterpretations of
young children’s competencies. Furthermore, studies that do recognize young children’s competencies tend to focus on what
children can do in isolation. As an alternative, we propose an approach to designing for young children that is grounded in
the notion of the Zone of Proximal Development (Vygotsky 1978) and leverages Activity Theory to design learning environments. In order to highlight the benefits of this approach, we describe
our process for using Activity Theory to inform the design of new software and curricula in a way that is productive for young
children to learn concepts that we might have previously considered to be “developmentally inappropriate”. As an illuminative
example, we then present a discussion of the design of the BeeSign simulation software and accompanying curriculum which specifically
designed from an Activity Theory perspective to engage young children in learning about complex systems (Danish 2009a, b). Furthermore, to illustrate the benefits of this approach, we will present findings from a new study where 40 first- and
second-grade students participated in the BeeSign curriculum to learn about how honeybees collect nectar from a complex systems
perspective. We conclude with some practical suggestions for how such an approach to using Activity Theory for research and
design might be adopted by other science educators and designers. 相似文献
10.
The different ways caregivers engage themselves with toddlers can transform daily interactions, for it is the quality of these
innumerable experiences that form the basis of the very young child's “curriculum.” The authors discovered that “being fully
in the present” has many benefits and rewards. They became more mindful and reflective using this technique, and their sensitivity
toward caring for children grew. 相似文献
11.
Coosje van der Pol 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2012,43(1):93-106
This article explores what it means to be a competent reader of picture storybooks by examining the abilities of some 4–6-year-olds,
who were read stories aloud in class. Jonathan Culler’s concept of “literary competence” was used to tease out the children’s
implicit knowledge of the structures and conventions that enable them to read a work of fiction as literature. From a more
practical point of view, Lawrence Sipe’s class-based work, discussing picture storybooks with first and second grade children,
provided some useful guidelines. This current study draws on an educational design experiment involving “literary conversation
guides,” which help probe children’s understanding of such story features as character and irony. 相似文献
12.
Prevention of fatherhood disorders — Accompanying early father-child interaction in day-care centers
Martine Lamour Paulette Letronnier 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2003,18(2):191-210
Over the last fifteen years, increasing numbers of fathers have been attending medical or day-care centers for young children, traditionally “reserved” for mothers and babies. Thus the professionals who work there are able to take an active part in the “co-construction of the fathers” by accompanying their emerging fatherhood. The Research-Action-Training approach used in partnership with the public health service (“Mother and Child Protection” in Paris) has proven to be a particularly interesting tool for modifying the routine found in day-care centers. Through the transfer of knowledge on fatherhood processes and new triadic models, it has led to improvements in the manner fathers are welcome but also babies and the whole family. 相似文献
13.
This article describes four studies concerned with the young child’s response to the illusion of incompleteness in pictures.
A substantial proportion of the children, aged 4 to 7 years, responded as if an element “out of sight” in a picture either
did not exist or was incomplete. This mode of responding, termed “literalism,” was found to be related to age and proved to
be little influenced by training and one other form of structured experience.
The work reported in this article was funded by a grant from the Education Research and Development Committee, Commonwealth
Department of Education, Canberra, Australia. The author acknowledges with gratitude the assistance of Ann Ring, June Sleet,
and Janette Muir in the execution of these studies. 相似文献
14.
Stephen Rushton Anne Juola-Rushton Elizabeth Larkin 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2010,37(5):351-361
Paralleling the works of Cambourne’s Conditions of Literacy Learning (The Reading Teacher, 54(4), 414–429, 2001), Copple and Bredekamp’s (Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs serving children from birth though
age. National Association for the Education of Young Children, Washington, 2009) Developmentally Appropriate Practices and the findings from the field of Neuroscience this article explores the important
components of creating an active, stimulating learning environment; one purposely designed to actively engage the minds of
young children in order to help strengthen their neurological networks. The article concludes its exploration with the role
of “mirror neurons” in the learning environment and how they affect the young child's mood, emotions, and empathy. 相似文献
15.
This study analyses the discourse among the teacher and the students, members of three (3) small groups, who learn in the
environment of a stand-alone computer. Two educational environments are examined: the first one, a “virtual laboratory” (Virtual
scale-DELYS) and the second one, a computer modeling environment (ModelsCreator). The ‘Virtual Scale’ environment provides
users with curriculum focused feedback and in that sense it can be categorized as directive. The ModelsCreator environment
provides users merely with a representation of their own conception of curriculum concepts, so it can be categorized as an
open-ended environment. The goal of this research is to exemplify the way the two educational software environments support
(a) the development of collective thinking in peer— and teacher-led discussion and (b) students’ autonomy. The software tools
of the “Virtual scale” along with the resources provided for the problem solving created an educational framework of hypothesis
testing. This framework did not limit the students’ contributions by directing them to give short answers. Moreover, it supported
the students’ initiatives by providing tools, representations and procedures that offered educationally meaningful feedback.
Based on the above results, we discuss a new educationally important structure of software mediation and describe the way
the two software activities resourced collective thinking and students’ initiatives. Finally, for each type of software environment,
we propose certain hypotheses for future research regarding the support of collaborative problem solving. 相似文献
16.
Word sense disambiguation using semantic relatedness measurement 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
YANG Che-Yu 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(10):1609-1625
INTRODUCTION The need to determine the degree of semantic similarity, or more generally, relatedness, between two lexically expressed concepts is applied in such ap- plications as word sense disambiguation (WSD), determining discourse structure, text summarization and annotation, information extraction and retrieval, automatic indexing, lexical selection, and automatic correction of word errors in text. All human languages have words that can mean different things in different contexts, s… 相似文献
17.
Monisha Bajaj 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2009,75(1):483-502
This article explores an attempt to disrupt gender inequality in a unique, low-cost private school in Ndola, Zambia. It examines
deliberate school policies aimed at “undoing gender” or fostering greater gender equity. These include efforts to maintain
gender parity at all levels of the school and the requirement that both young men and women carry out cleaning tasks generally
viewed as “women’s work”. Observations, interviews, student diaries and surveys from this school and from government schools
provide the basis for a comparison, indicating how the former strives to interrupt the transmission of gender inequalities
as well as how students respond to these practices. The findings suggest that the pedagogical practices deployed by this school
have generally succeeded in destabilising norms of gender subordination and gender-based violence, though the replicability
of these practices is interrogated given broader questions about the country’s public resources and political will. 相似文献
18.
Georgios Fesakis Christina Sofroniou Elisavet Mavroudi 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,38(5):385-392
With the widespread use of the internet, more and more children get acquainted with its various uses at a young age while
an increasing number of teachers are designing learning activities that utilize various internet services. Toward this direction,
teachers need practical examples of pedagogically verified learning activities. This paper presents an experimental case study
of a learning activity meant for teaching preschoolers geometric concepts, which uses communication tools from the internet.
The activity constitutes a developmentally appropriate adaptation of a successful model, known as “Monster Exchange”, to kindergarten.
The paper presents the proposed adaptation, the experimental findings regarding the errors children mad, the difficulties
they encountered, and finally, the drawings that children produced, with the aim of evaluating the appropriateness and the
learning value of the activity. 相似文献
19.
Professor Wolff-Michael Roth Campbell J. McRobbie Keith B. Lucas 《Research in Science Education》1998,28(1):107-118
We analyse and explore, in the form of dialogues and metalogues questions about the dialogic nature of beliefs and students
belief talk about the nature of science and scientific knowledge. Following recent advances in discursive psychology, this
study focuses not on students' claims but on the discursive resources and dialogical practices that support the particular
claims they make. We argue that students' discourse is better understood as a textual bricolage that is sensitive to conversational
context, common sense, interpretive repertoires, and textual resources available in the conversational situation. Our text
is reflexive as it embodies the discursive construction of knowledge and undercuts any claims to authoritative knowledge.
The very conception of “belief” is itself an expression or construction from within the mundane idiom.... We learn to use
“belief” in conditions when the “objective facts” are unknown or problematic and we want to indicate the tenuous character
of our claim.... The notion of “real world” or “objective reality” is embedded in an extensive, pervasive language game which
includes as an intelligible move or possibility the use of the very concept of “belief” itself. (Pollner, 1987, p. 21) 相似文献
20.
Mary Louise Gomez 《The Urban Review》2010,42(2):81-101
Through a Bakhtinian conceptual framework, this text explores Latina prospective teachers’ life histories—their experiences
at home, in their K-12 schooling, on campus in a Midwestern university, and in their teacher education program. Further, it
shows how often, when asked about their own experiences, Latinas responded with stories of their mothers’ past and present
experiences. The author shows how drawing on stories of their mothers supported young women in rebutting discourses promulgated
by white female peers regarding their cultural and language backgrounds, making them feel dismissed and unvalued. They used
“mother stories” as ways to assert their strengths, knowledge, and understandings about schools and schooling. 相似文献