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1.
Kyle F. Paradis Laura J. Misener Gayle McPherson David McGillivray David Legg 《Sport in Society》2017,20(11):1724-1744
Attitudes, and attitudinal change towards persons with disabilities, is an important area of research as it can potentially enable greater understanding of the constraints that may preclude full participation in society. In the realm of sport and recreation mega sporting events have been suggested as a potential catalyst for positive societal change and shifting negative attitudes. Much of the event research to date, however, has focused on able-bodied sport events, with parasport events being largely overlooked. As a result, the impact of major parasport events on attitudinal change towards persons with a disability is assumed by sport practitioners, policy-makers and politicians but not justified by empirical evidence. The current study thus presents a starting point by examining the benefits of hosting mega sport events and in particular focuses on an important event stakeholder group; volunteers. More specifically, the current study addresses volunteer’s perceptions of attitudes towards disability at two major parasport events: the 2014 Commonwealth Games (where parasport was integrated with the able-bodied sport) and the 2015 Pan Am/ParaPan American Games (where parasport was separated from the able-bodied sport). Data were collected at two time points for each event: pre-Games, and post-Games. Results revealed that both events had an impact on volunteer awareness levels of disability and accessibility-related issues, as well as positively impacting attitudes towards persons with disability. Interestingly, the integrated events at the Commonwealth Games appeared to impact attitudes to a greater degree than the non-integrated events at the ParaPan Am Games. Implications are discussed pertaining to the impact of an integrated vs. non-integrated major parasport event on disability/accessibility awareness, and attitudes towards disability. 相似文献
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我国体育赛事旅游目的地可持续发展:利益相关者视角分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
体育赛事旅游目的地的可持续发展需要对不同的利益相关者建立相应的利益管理机制。运用文献资料法对可持续发展理论和利益相关者理论进行系统归纳和评述,在此基础上,就体育赛事旅游目的地利益相关者的界定、构成和分类进行探讨。体育赛事旅游目的地利益相关者分为:核心利益相关者、蛰伏利益相关者、边缘利益相关者三部分,并主要对体育赛事旅游目的地的政府及其职能部门、体育赛事旅游企业、赛事旅游者、当地居民这四个关系密切和影响力较大的核心利益相关者进行分析,期望通过构建“双向沟通-协调合作-互利共赢”的核心利益相关者管理机制构建体育赛事旅游目的地利益共同体,进而实现体育赛事旅游目的地的可持续发展。 相似文献
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In general, women are well represented among sport participants and sport audiences but not in the media. Data show that women's sport is greatly underreported and trivialized in newspapers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure press coverage during the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in the largest circulating Belgian, Danish, French, and Italian daily newspapers by: (a) number of articles, (b) size, (c) page placement, (d) accompanying photographs, and (e) photograph size. For each sport covered, the athletes' nationality and the gender were recorded. Compared to the 1996 Atlanta Games, there was an increase of 326 female athletes (+4%), and women competed in 25 sports and 132 events (44%) of the total 300 events. Although only 29.3% of the articles and 38% of photos were on women's sports, the newspaper coverage was similar to the distribution of participating athletes and events. No significant gender differences were found with respect to article size, page placement, accompanying photographs, or photograph size. The most covered sport was track and field, independent of national achievement. Other sports received different coverage in relation to national expectations, achievement, and participation. In conclusion, there was a trend to overcome gender inequities in media coverage during the Olympic Games, which may be due to the International Olympic Committee's actions to promote increased participation of women in sport activities and to publicize their achievements. Moreover, during the Olympic Games, a nationalistic fervor might affect the equality of gender coverage. 相似文献
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Capranica L Minganti C Billat V Hanghoj S Piacentini MF Cumps E Meeusen R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):212-223
In general, women are well represented among sport participants and sport audiences but not in the media. Data show that women's sport is greatly underreported and trivialized in newspapers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure press coverage during the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in the largest circulating Belgian, Danish, French, and Italian daily newspapers by: (a) number of articles, (b) size, (c) page placement, (d) accompanyingphotographs, and (e) photograph size. For each sport covered, the athletes' nationality and the gender were recorded. Compared to the 1996 Atlanta Games, there was an increase of 326 female athletes (+4 %), and women competed in 25 sports and 132 events (44 %) of the total 300 events. Although only 29.3 % of the articles and 38 % of photos were on women 's sports, the newspaper coverage was similar to the distribution of participating athletes and events. No significant gender differences were found with respect to article size, page placement, accompanying photographs, or photograph size. The most covered sport was track and field, independent of national achievement. Other sports received different coverage in relation to national expectations, achievement, and participation. In conclusion, there was a trend to overcome gender inequities in media coverage during the Olympic Games, which may be due to the International Olympic Committee's actions to promote increased participation of women in sport activities and to publicize their achievements. Moreover, during the Olympic Games, a nationalistic fervor might affect the equality of gender coverage. 相似文献
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战文腾 《武汉体育学院学报》2018,52(6):32-38
进入21世纪以来,随着奥运会利益相关者的不断介入,奥林匹克管理体系发生了天翻地覆的变化。现代奥林匹克运动已经完成了从奥林匹克管理到奥林匹克治理的转型,尤其是在《奥林匹克2020议程》颁布实施之后,逐渐形成了以奥林匹克核心利益相关者为主体的治理架构,奥林匹克运动的5个核心利益相关者包括国际奥委会、奥运会组委会、国家奥委会、国际单项体育联合会、国家体育联盟。奥林匹克治理体系不再是每位利益相关者管理自己事务的问题,而是对各方构成的网络化的全球性治理系统,同时要考虑到它们之间的相互关系。奥林匹克运动和治理体系之间的联系是以人为中心,诸如奥运会选手、运动员、球迷等群体,而奥林匹克治理体系围绕的是各级各类体育社会组织。在顾拜旦看来,奥林匹克主义不可能是个系统,而是一种精神境界。不论我们喜欢与否,奥林匹克的治理前景必须依赖复杂且系统化的网络治理实践。奥林匹克运动的主要目标必须建立在尊重人权之上,只有实现奥林匹克治理的可持续性发展才能实现这一目标。 相似文献
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新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情(以下简称"疫情")下的体育叙事,不仅要阐发疫情期间体育事件及其社会意义,更应揭示不同体育要素在社会发展中的功能与作用,将对体育现实问题的思考转化为未来体育转型的应对策略。基于叙事的角度,以访谈的方式,探讨体育产业发展、东京奥运会延期、体育组织治理、奥运备战、居家体育、体育在线教学、体育中考等热点事件和话题。认为:①疫情对体育产业的影响呈现持续性、结构性、社会性等特征,在"转危为机"的话语下,应借助政府的积极行为,实现体育行业与体育产业的多层次融合,增强对消费端的刺激,提高体育企业的抗风险能力,最大程度地释放后疫情时代体育产业发展动力;②东京奥运会延期举办凸显国际奥委会内部治理的困境与危机,引发对中国体育赛事治理效能的思考,给奥运备战带来挑战,促使运动训练由传统化模式向集群化工业模式转变;③空间重叠与权力空间渗透造就居家体育的特殊"脱域"空间,成为"家庭-学校-社区"体育互动发展的催化剂,引发体育教学、社区体育、群众体育活动方式的改变,形成自觉行为更高的群众体育"在地化"驱动模式;④在疫情防控期间,体育话语在不同语境中的表达、转型与辩驳为体育话语转为文化资源提供契机,促进文化与体育的互动与整合,深刻影响人们的体育观念。 相似文献
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While understanding the planning and hosting of major sporting events is a popular research area, less is known about the bid process despite the potential economic and political spinoffs. Some studies offer criteria for successful bids and even consider the stakeholder network as a key factor. Considering the importance of the stakeholder network, we delve deeper into this area. Using the power, legitimacy and urgency framework by Mitchell et al. (1997), we examine the 2018 Olympic Winter Games’ French national bid competition (four candidacies) to analyse the stakeholder relationships, identify their salience and then determine stakeholder-based bid key success factors. Archival material and 28 interviews were analysed. We notably found that to increase the probability of winning, no actor alone should have a definitive status, the sport stakeholder group should have at least the expectant status, and no strategic stakeholder should have the latent status. We also find that a three-level analysis of the stakeholder network allows for a greater understanding of the bid governance and process dynamics at play, which help to elucidate a successful bid. We contribute to the literature by (a) showing how stakeholder salience analysis can assist in understanding the bid network governance structure; (b) demonstrating that stakeholder salience depends on the level which is analysed (local, between bids, and with the event owner), the stage (deciding to bid, national bid competition, national bid win/international competition), and the case/context; and (c) determining stakeholder-based key bid success factors such as who should and should not be more salient in the bid process. 相似文献
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Organisations are using social networking sites to promote themselves and communicate with their stakeholders. This new medium has also found its way in the promotion of sporting events. In this article, the social network site of the 27th SEA Games in Myanmar 2013 was examined to understand its role in communicating with spectators and fans of the sporting event. The activity on the official Facebook page of the event was analysed by examining the posts by the organisers and comments by members of the social network site. In addition, the analysis also examined the issues that were surfaced on the social network site. The findings show that organisers of sports events did not leverage on the medium to encourage participation from members. Activity on the social media peaked during the event but tapered off after the event. 相似文献
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国际象棋是体育项目,理论上一直未消除人们的迷惑,而首次亚运之行,更增加了许多人对棋类项目与体育关系问题的疑问。本文通过探讨国际象棋纳入体育范畴的原因、国际象棋的本质功能和体育的本质属性,试探性提出应明确“国际象棋不是体育项目”、“棋类等非体育项目可以成为体育运动会比赛项目”等观点及其意义——消除众人疑惑;规范体育范畴;更利于其他非体育的竞技性项目进入体育平台发展。 相似文献
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奥运会是世界体育发展的风向标和展示窗口。进入21世纪,奥运会举办成本不断攀升,让许多申办国望而却步,同时,还有许多新项目期盼能够跻身于规模庞大的奥林匹克舞台。研究采用文献资料等方法对夏季奥运会项目设置的演变历程和2020东京奥运会项目设置的变动特征进行梳理,探讨2020东京奥运会项目变化对我国奥运战略的影响。研究认为,2020东京奥运会项目变动具有如下特征：项目设置规模空前、注重吸纳新潮运动项目、重视利益相关者;对我国奥运战略的直接影响是既增设了一些有利于我国运动员夺牌的优势项目,也增设了一些竞争对手的优势项目。间接影响,是有助于重塑国家体育形象,传统体育项目受到削弱但新兴体育项目拓展迎来机遇。基于此,研究从政策设计、人才选用、保障措施等角度提出建议。 相似文献
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田文波 《武汉体育学院学报》2021,55(7):37-42
中国共产党成立一百年来,坚持与时俱进和自我革新,从新民主主义革命时期、社会主义建设时期、改革开放时期一直到进入新时代以来都高度重视体育治理,并形成了完整的体育治理理念体系。从新民主主义革命时期"为革命服务"的体育治理理念的滥觞,到新中国建立初期"发展体育运动、增强人民体质"的体育治理理念的初步形成,从改革开放后奥运争光与全民健身双轮驱动下,中国共产党体育治理理念的发展,到习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下,"协调发展、建构以人民为主体的体育"成为新时代中国共产党体育治理的核心理念,经过一百年来的理论探讨与建设实践,中国共产党体育治理理念在社会变迁的宏阔背景下形成了具有中国特色的发展逻辑。中国共产党无论是在苏区、抗日根据地进行的体育治理尝试,还是新中国成立以来对体育治理理念进行的多次调整,都充分体现了中国共产党对体育认识层面和实践层面的与时俱进。 相似文献
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文章通过对奥运会、第五届农运会、第十二届全运会和部分职业赛事的调查研究,结合文献资料分析,运用管理再造理论,依据其以赛事利益相关者为核心的管理思想,绘制相关工作流程图,旨在弄清武术赛事结束工作的主要主要具体工作和流程,实现对体育赛事的流程式管理。 相似文献
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在当前全球化和城市化背景下,可持续发展理念备受关注,对各行各业产生深远影响。以苏州金鸡湖端午龙舟赛为例,探讨在可持续发展框架下,多元主体（地方政府部门、体育赛事旅游企业、赛事旅游者和当地居民）之间的协同治理问题。引入演化博弈理论、利益相关者理论和协同治理理论,建立了多方利益相关者之间的决策模型。研究发现：政府监管力度和执法水平、企业治理行为、赛事旅游者的环保行为和满意度,以及当地居民的态度和行为都会相互影响,形成复杂的协同治理关系。以此寻求体育旅游可持续发展的最佳选择策略,促进体育赛事旅游产业与环境保护的协同合作,为多元主体环境保护提供有效参考。 相似文献
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随着2008年北京奥运会的临近,中国旅游业将迎来历史性的突破。中国有着悠久的历史文化,民族传统体育奇葩争艳,北京奥运提出“人文奥运、绿色奥运”皆在突出体育旅游的文化品位和自然风格。借助体育项目的开发,旅游景点可提高其对旅客的吸引力。但是,结合体育项目的旅游要突出文化品位,要与当地的历史文化渊源相结合,体育项目要有可观赏性和一定的可参与性,否则,体育旅游就会失去魅力。 相似文献
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《Sport Management Review》2020,23(5):937-951
The way disability is understood and positioned by key stakeholders informs how policies are implemented in the development of pathways to sporting excellence of an athlete with a disability. In this paper, the authors seek to identify which sports policy factors and stakeholders influence the development of athletic career pathways in Paralympic sport (i.e., attraction, retention, competition, talent identification and development, elite, and retirement phases). Drawing from the theories of disability and the literature on elite sport policy, an interview protocol on policy dimensions and principles to support para-athletes’ development was created, and 32 key stakeholders from the Brazilian Paralympic sport context were interviewed. The data revealed that coaching provision and education as a policy factor and coaches with disability-specific knowledge as a stakeholder were perceived as most influential during all the phases of para-athletes’ careers. The classification system emerged as a parasport-specific factor that can facilitate or inhibit the development of para-athletes’ careers, influencing the implementation of policies. The authors suggest that understanding the concept of disability is notably essential when stakeholders have to think strategically and adapt management principles from able-bodied sporting contexts. Therefore, critically positioning disability within policy decision making can improve the thinking, action, and behaviour of policymakers, coaches, and sports managers, leading to the more efficient delivery of successful para-athletes’ careers. 相似文献
17.
《Sport Management Review》2016,19(3):352-360
The successful hosting of test events in the lead-up to a major event is not only a useful logistical tool and systems evaluation, but also signals to the world that the host city is ready and competent to host the main event. With the intense scrutiny of the media on all aspects of the venue, the city, and the competition, test events offer the potential for a city to establish (or enhance) its reputation as an event host, or to create doubt in its ability to host major events. The case follows the media coverage of the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships held on the Gold Coast Queensland, Australia, which served as a test event for the newly renovated Gold Coast Aquatics Centre in the lead-up to the 2018 Commonwealth Games. The case considers the implications and impacts of negative media coverage of an international event on the destination image of the host city. The case highlights the need for image recovery strategies for stakeholders within the destination who are concerned with the city's ability to host international sport events. 相似文献
18.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(2):205-218
The purpose of this paper was to examine the theory and practice of knowledge management processes, using the Olympic Games as the empirical setting and the Olympic Games Organizing Committee and its stakeholders as participants. The case study of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Winter Games was inductively and deductively content analyzed, resulting in the development of a knowledge management and transfer process model for Olympic Games organizing committees and their stakeholders. Moreover, we found that the information and knowledge concepts should be placed on a continuum from explicit to tacit (with experience); practitioners do not distinguish between knowledge management activities as researchers do; socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization mechanisms can be found when tailoring knowledge for a stakeholder; and knowledge sources, reasons, organizational culture, and especially individuals are important when implementing knowledge management/transfer processes. 相似文献
19.
Capranica L Tessitore A D AE Cortis C Casella R Camilleri E Pesce C 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(1):101-115
This study aimed at determining the amount of Italian television coverage dedicated to men's and women's sport and the number of male and female viewers during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. AUDITEL-AGB Nielsen Media Research Italia provided the TV airtime data for the sport events broadcast, which were classified into three categories: men-only, women-only, and mixed-gender. The viewer sample was divided by age and gender and included three audience parameters: mean audience, share, and appreciation index. The last item is calculated from the program duration, audience permanence, and the share related to programs broadcast by other Italian channels. In particular, the appreciation index was used to investigate the relationship between (a) the viewer's and sport participants' gender and (b) the effect of Italian participation and expectations for sport achievement. The data showed that Italian male athletes outnumbered their female counterparts. Women's sport was allotted significantly less airtime than men's sport, but this imbalance was not proportional to the gender difference in the overall athletes' participation in the Games. Although the female audience represented 45% of the total, a significantly higher male mean audience and share were found. On the other hand, the appreciation of men's and women's sport events was balanced after equating for differences in media coverage. Moreover sport achievement might have a positive effect on the trend toward equality of gender coverage, indicating that a global multisport event such as the Olympic Games is central to communicating a national image and identity independently of the athletes' gender. 相似文献
20.
This study aimed at determining the amount of Italian television coverage dedicated to men's and women's sport and the number of male and female viewers during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. AUDITEL-AGB Nielsen Media Research Italia provided the TV airtime data for the sport events broadcast, which were classified into three categories: men-only, women-only, and mixed-gender. The viewer sample was divided by age and gender and included three audience parameters: mean audience, share, and appreciation index. The last item is calculated from the program duration, audience permanence, and the share related to programs broadcast by other Italian channels. In particular, the appreciation index was used to investigate the relationship between (a) the viewer's and sport participants' gender and (b) the effect of Italian participation and expectations for sport achievement. The data showed that Italian male athletes outnumbered their female counterparts. Women's sport was allotted significantly less airtime than men's sport, but this imbalance was not proportional to the gender difference in the overall athletes' participation in the Games. Although the female audience represented 45% of the total, a significantly higher male mean audience and share were found. On the other hand, the appreciation of men's and women's sport events was balanced after equating for differences in media coverage. Moreover, sport achievement might have a positive effect on the trend toward equality of gender coverage, indicating that a global multisport event such as the Olympic Games is central to communicating a national image and identity independently of the athletes' gender. 相似文献