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1.
为了解黑龙江省运动员的营养需求,以提供平衡膳食、科学营养的正确指导,促进其营养意识的提升,对黑龙江省冬夏季不同项目运动员进行日常饮食习惯问卷调查,发现多数运动员早餐营养摄入不足;夜宵摄入大量垃圾食品;大量饮用瓶装饮料代替喝水等一系列问题。建议运动员应多吃主食、多吃蔬果、多吃豆奶制品、少吃油炸食品、减少油脂及盐分摄入,并通过运动营养知识教育培训、健全膳食营养管理体系、配备专兼职营养师等一系列举措调整餐厅膳食配餐及营养结构,以提高运动员营养意识,保证日常饮食健康合理,为运动训练提供营养支持,为运动成绩提高夯实营养基础。 相似文献
2.
大学教育是大学生养成终身体育锻炼习惯的重要阶段,主要体现在对体育锻炼重要性的认知及实际锻炼习惯的养成,在此过程中大学生的体育需求是其中一个影响锻炼习惯形成的因素。文章采用文献查阅和问卷调查法,对集美大学大一、大二学生的终身体育锻炼习惯及需求情况调查,分析了影响大学生终身体育锻炼习惯形成的因素及需求,为通过体育教学课程引导学生形成正确的终身锻炼习惯和了解学生所需提供有益参考。 相似文献
3.
运用问卷调查法、以及实验室检测法,了解了男子大学生长跑运动员的营养知识水平,其日常训练期的营养素摄入水平,以及与营养摄入有关的血液的生化指标。结果显示,多数运动员的营养知识较为传统。在日常训练期,运动员体内的碳水化合物的摄入不足,维生素A摄入量低,且血清钙水平很低,血清铁与TIBC的含量正常,建议：通过营养强化,注意合理补充蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、钙,并且要定时地对其进行营养生化检测以帮助提高男子大学生运动员的营养水平。 相似文献
4.
高校体育教学的开展与大学生体育锻炼习惯的养成紧密相关。良好的运动习惯与运动规律有助于促进学生身体健康,实现全面化发展。本文从学生主体对体育锻炼的认知、体育锻炼的外部环境和氛围、高校大学生体育锻炼的过程、高校体育锻炼的基础设施4个维度探究高校大学生体育锻炼习惯养成的影响因素。在此基础上,提出加强学生体育锻炼认知,丰富体育锻炼内容;完善体育锻炼场地器材,提高学生参与兴趣;加强体育锻炼科学指导,提升学生运动技能;采用多元创新教育方式,强化体育锻炼意识的措施,以期为高校学生参与体育锻炼习惯的养成提供理论依据。 相似文献
5.
中国大学生健康状态与生活行为的调查研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为深化高校体育与健康课程改革,促进大学生良好生活行为的养成,对全国不同地区部分高校607名大学生(男320名、女287名,年龄18～21岁)进行抽样问卷调查.结果发现:中国大学生重视并关注自身健康,健康自我评价总体状况良好;多数大学生有身体和精神疲劳感、运动不足感和生活压力感;大学生一日三餐较有规律,对平衡营养有一定认识,大多数学生注意了荤素搭配,对饮料的摄入有较正确的认识与行为,但相当一部分大学生不吃早餐、不喝牛奶.有挑食习惯;大学生吸烟率和饮酒率均低于前人的研究结果;大多数大学生喜欢体育健身,且有一定规律;大学生余暇生活内容丰富,列前3位的活动类型是:文化娱乐、上图书馆、体育健身,但选择健身比例并不高,提示大学生未重视体育锻炼对减缓压力、解除疲劳的良好作用.大学体育与健康教育的改革要加强对大学生健康管理意识和能力的培养,让他们学会用积极的手段去维护和获得健康. 相似文献
6.
科学的补水有利于保持运动员的身体健康,有利于运动员保持运动能力和延迟疲劳。合理的补水方法是在训练或比赛前20-30分钟摄入400-600毫升的水或饮料;运动中遵循少量多次的原则,每10-15分钟饮用150-200毫升的水或饮料;比赛间歇中,饮料以糖-电解质饮料为好,温度在8℃-14℃为宜,糖浓度低于5%;运动后补水量最少为丢失体重的1.5倍,不宜饮用冷饮来解渴和降温。 相似文献
7.
郑亚淼 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2016,(4):86-91
运用文献资料、问卷调查、定量分析等方法,对山东省城市小学生饮食以及体质成分进行调查研究,了解小学生的日常饮食成分与饮食习惯,分析小学生超重、肥胖的原因.经过调查分析,发现小学生超重、肥胖比例超过40％;超重、肥胖学生中爱吃零食的占31％,并且普遍存在偏食现象;超重、肥胖学生吃夜宵、偏爱碳酸饮料比例远远大于与标准体重学生.研究认为小学生超重、肥胖现象已达到成人比例.吃零食、偏食多肉、吃夜宵、饮用碳酸饮品等不良的饮食习惯加之缺乏日常课余锻炼,是引起小学生超重、肥胖的主要原因.建议小学生健康饮食并多进行跳绳运动,有利于控制体重. 相似文献
8.
青少年速滑运动员的营养需求高于普通青少年,也有别于其他项目运动员。从碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、无机盐、膳食纤维等方面加以分析,应用饮食营养干预和运动营养补剂全面调整其营养水平,保证其生长发育和日常训练需要。日常饮食供应充足碳水化合物,增加优质蛋白质摄入,限制脂肪供应比例,均衡适量补充维生素和无机盐,及时充分补水,适度摄入膳食纤维;应用运动营养补剂弥补饮食摄入不足,供应运动饮料满足训练需求,补充优质蛋白质促进疲劳恢复,按需补充钙和铁等补剂;同时加强运动营养知识的宣传教育,加强相关工作人员培训,建立完善的膳食营养管理体系。提升青少年速滑运动员营养水平,夯实其体能基础,进一步提高运动成绩。 相似文献
9.
为了解体育专业大学生具备健康素养状况,采用中国居民健康素养调查问卷对体育专业大学生420人的健康素养进行了调查分析。结果显示,体育专业大学生具备健康素养的比例是6.90%,具备基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能三方面素养的比例分别是19.29%、1.19%和72.38%;具备5类健康问题素养的比例分别是：安全与急救67.14％、基本医疗23.09％、科学健康观16.43％、慢性病预防9.05％、传染病预防5.95％。由此可见,体育专业大学生的健康素养和全国平均水平大致相当,并未因学历水平高而有所优势,必须采取措施促进体育专业大学生健康素养提高。 相似文献
10.
同伴关系与大学生体育锻炼习惯的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据问卷调查法、数理统计法等,对同伴关系与大学生体育锻炼习惯的关系进行研究发现,大学生的锻炼同伴主要是同学朋友,在同伴进行体育锻炼时,大部分大学生会受到影响而参加锻炼;而在同伴不锻炼时,也有部分学生会受到影响放弃锻炼。大学生有体育锻炼习惯的人数比例较低,他们对同伴的影响不如没有体育锻炼习惯学生对同伴的影响大,同伴效应的负面影响大于正面影响。 相似文献
11.
目的:普通高校业余足球队运动员在备战广东省第7届大学生运动会训练期间,观察补充低聚糖 乳清蛋白(4:1)饮料对体成分、部分血生化指标和运动能力的影响。方法:16名男性普通高校业余足球队运动员随机分成对照组(n=8)和实验组(n=8),进行为期12周的实验,实验组运动员在每天训练前即刻、训练后1h内和临睡前,择时补充糖 乳清蛋白,对照组运动员则补充纯净水,实验前后分别进行体成分、血生化指标和体能测试,并统计整个大运会每场比赛结果。结果:足球运动员补充低聚糖加乳清蛋白能有效地保护红细胞功能,预防血红蛋白水平的下降,同时可提高体能、促进疲劳的消除,对维持肌肉微结构有积极作用。 相似文献
12.
13.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of pre-exercise ice slurry ingestion and cold water immersion on submaximal running time in the heat. On three separate occasions, eight males ran to exhaustion at their first ventilatory threshold in the heat (34.0 ± 0.1 ° C, 52 ± 3% relative humidity) following one of three 30 min pre-exercise manoeuvres: (1) ice slurry ingestion; (2) cold water immersion; or (3) warm fluid ingestion (control). Running time was longer following cold water immersion (56.8 ± 5.6 min; P = 0.008) and ice slurry ingestion (52.7 ± 8.4 min; P = 0.005) compared with control (46.7 ± 7.2 min), but not significantly different between cold water immersion and ice slurry ingestion (P = 0.335). During exercise, rectal temperature was lower with cold water immersion from 15 and 20 min into exercise compared with control and ice slurry ingestion, respectively, and remained lower until 40 min (P = 0.001). At exhaustion rectal temperature was significantly higher following ice slurry ingestion (39.76 ± 0.36 ° C) compared with control (39.48 ± 0.36 ° C; P = 0.042) and tended to be higher than cold water immersion (39.48 ± 0.34 ° C; P = 0.065). As run times were similar between conditions, ice slurry ingestion may be a comparable form of pre-cooling to cold water immersion. 相似文献
14.
《Sport Management Review》2019,22(1):167-179
Tobacco, alcohol and gambling-related sport sponsorships have faced widespread scrutiny due to a critical consciousness that questions the alignment of unhealthy products and damaging addictive behaviours with a healthy activity such as sport. The purpose of this study was to explore how a public health agenda may influence rugby union organisations in their negotiation of sponsorship relationships with food and beverage companies. Interviews with a purposeful sample of New Zealand regional rugby organisation managers reveal the potential influence of emergent threats about government-regulated restrictive sponsorship measures on the delivery of community and youth sport. Findings indicate that many regional rugby organisations depend on sponsorships to fund required and desired activities. In addition, some organisations in more rural regions of New Zealand not only contend with the difficulty of securing sponsorships, but fear that criticism of, and impending restrictions on, fast-food and beverage companies are likely to have detrimental consequences for the provision of rugby. 相似文献
15.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during different periods of two 90-min cycling bouts (the first bout began at 09:00?h and the second bout began at 13:30 h) at 60% maximal oxygen uptake(VO2max) on saliva flow rate and saliva immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to the second exercise bout. The study consisted of three investigations: carbohydrate supplementation during (1) the first hour of the recovery interval (CHO-REC), (2) during the first bout of exercise and (3) during the second bout of exercise. Each investigation included two trials completed in a counterbalanced order and separated by at least 4 days. Participants consumed a lemon-flavoured 10% w/v carbohydrate beverage or placebo (22 ml.kg-1 body mass) in the first hour of the recovery interval (n=8) and 500 ml just before exercise, followed by 250 ml every 20 min during exercise in the first (n=9) and second exercise bouts (n=9). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were collected at 10 min before exercise, after 48-50 min of exercise and during the last 2 min of exercise, at 1 h post exercise, 2 h post exercise (first exercise bout only), and 18 h post exercise (second exercise bout only). Venous blood samples were taken 5 min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both exercise bouts in all trials. The main findings of the present study were as follows. First, carbohydrate ingestion during both exercise bouts, but not during the recovery interval, better maintained plasma glucose concentrations and attenuated the increase in plasma adrenaline and cortisol concentrations after the second exercise bout compared with placebo. Second, carbohydrate feeding had no effect on saliva flow rate and sIgA secretion rate compared with placebo. Third, saliva flow rate and sIgA concentration returned to pre-exercise bout 1 values within 2 h in all trials. Fourth, there was no delayed effect of exercise on oral immunity. These findings suggest that carbohydrate ingestion during the first or second bout of exercise, but not during the recovery interval, is likely to better maintain plasma glucose concentrations and attenuate the responses of plasma stress hormones to a second exercise bout than ingestion of fluid alone. Two bouts of 90 min cycling at 60% VO2max on the same day appears to inhibit saliva flow rate during the second exercise bout but does not alter sIgA transcytosis. Our results show that carbohydrate ingestion during any period of two prolonged exercise bouts does not induce different effects on oral immunity compared with placebo. 相似文献
16.
Carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue and improves performance. Two recent cycling studies have reported increased time to exhaustion when protein is ingested together with carbohydrate. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ingestion of a carbohydrate + protein beverage will lead to significant improvements in cycling time-trial performance relative to placebo and carbohydrate alone. Thirteen cyclists completed 120 min of constant-load ergometer cycling. Thereafter, participants performed a time-trial in which they completed a set amount of work (7 kJ kg(-1)) as quickly as possible. Participants completed four experimental trials, the first for familiarization and then three randomized, double-blind treatments consisting of a placebo, carbohydrate, and carbohydrate + protein. Participants received 250 ml of beverage every 15 min during the constant-load ride. Time-trial performance for carbohydrate (37.1 min, s = 3.8) was significantly (P < 0.05) faster than placebo (39.7 min, s = 4.6). Time-trial performance for carbohydrate + protein (38.8 min, s = 5.5) was not significantly different from either placebo or carbohydrate. Ingestion of a carbohydrate beverage during two hours of constant-load cycling significantly enhanced subsequent time-trial performance compared with placebo. The carbohydrate + protein beverage provided no additional performance benefit. 相似文献
17.
学校体育是学生人生体育中的一个阶段,并不是学生人生体育的最后环节,而只是一个起点。人的一生都应该致力于体育活动,致力于体育锻炼,并养成体育锻炼的习惯。我们要认识到体育将贯穿于学生一生的全部时间,也包括他所处的各种场所,体育无处不在;其次,学生在校期间要强调教师给学生必备的体育基础知识与基本技能,形成良好的体育兴趣,养成坚持锻炼的好习惯,教会学生继续学习、锻炼与再提高的能力,重视教学生锻炼的方法和对学生品格的塑造;此外,要注重培养学生的体育意识和独立锻炼身体的能力,真正将"健康第一"贯彻始终,为终生体育奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
18.
戴小平 《体育成人教育学刊》2012,28(3):91-92
散打运动作为高校的一项运动项目,除了具有健体防身的作用,还具有对大学生进行思想道德教育的功能。散打运动作为促进大学生思想道德教育的载体,更是作为中华武德的重要教育手段,有助于改变大学生的不良习性以及提升大学生的思想道德品质。 相似文献
19.
大学是人们成长的一个重要时期。随着经济社会迅速发展,大学生承受着生活、学习与就业双重压力,在成长发展过程中必然会遭受到各种打击,有些大学生自我调节能力较差,这时若没有获得有效的帮助与指导,再加上自身生活习惯较差,不仅仅影响到大学生身心健康,更不利于他们的健康成长。所以怎样对大学生进行身心教育及引导,怎样引导他们养成较好的生活习惯以及提高其心理素质,培养出综合素质强的21世纪人才成为了当前高校教育的重点关注问题。 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during different periods of two 90-min cycling bouts (the first bout began at 09:00?h and the second bout began at 13:30?h) at 60% maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O2max) on saliva flow rate and saliva immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses to the second exercise bout. The study consisted of three investigations: carbohydrate supplementation during (1) the first hour of the recovery interval (CHO-REC), (2) during the first bout of exercise and (3) during the second bout of exercise. Each investigation included two trials completed in a counterbalanced order and separated by at least 4 days. Participants consumed a lemon-flavoured 10% w/v carbohydrate beverage or placebo (22?ml?·?kg?1 body mass) in the first hour of the recovery interval (n = 8) and 500?ml just before exercise, followed by 250?ml every 20?min during exercise in the first (n = 9) and second exercise bouts (n = 9). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were collected at 10?min before exercise, after 48?–?50?min of exercise and during the last 2?min of exercise, at 1?h post exercise, 2?h post exercise (first exercise bout only), and 18?h post exercise (second exercise bout only). Venous blood samples were taken 5?min before exercise and immediately after exercise for both exercise bouts in all trials. The main findings of the present study were as follows. First, carbohydrate ingestion during both exercise bouts, but not during the recovery interval, better maintained plasma glucose concentrations and attenuated the increase in plasma adrenaline and cortisol concentrations after the second exercise bout compared with placebo. Second, carbohydrate feeding had no effect on saliva flow rate and sIgA secretion rate compared with placebo. Third, saliva flow rate and sIgA concentration returned to pre-exercise bout 1 values within 2?h in all trials. Fourth, there was no delayed effect of exercise on oral immunity. These findings suggest that carbohydrate ingestion during the first or second bout of exercise, but not during the recovery interval, is likely to better maintain plasma glucose concentrations and attenuate the responses of plasma stress hormones to a second exercise bout than ingestion of fluid alone. Two bouts of 90?min cycling at 60% [Vdot]O2max on the same day appears to inhibit saliva flow rate during the second exercise bout but does not alter sIgA transcytosis. Our results show that carbohydrate ingestion during any period of two prolonged exercise bouts does not induce different effects on oral immunity compared with placebo. 相似文献