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1.
The analysis of the importance of different types of regional innovation systems must take place within a context of the actual knowledge base of various industries in the economy, as the innovation processes of firms are strongly shaped by their specific knowledge base. In this paper, we shall distinguish between two types of knowledge base: analytical and synthetic. These types indicate different mixes of tacit and codified knowledge, codification possibilities and limits, qualifications and skills, required organisations and institutions involved, as well as specific competitive challenges from a globalising economy, which have different implications for different sectors of industry, and, thus, for the kind of innovation support needed. The traditional constellation of industrial clusters surrounded by innovation supporting organisations, constituting a regional innovation system, is nearly always to be found in contexts of industries with a synthetic knowledge base (e.g. engineering-based industries), while the existence of regional innovation systems as an integral part of a cluster will normally be the case of industries-based on an analytical knowledge base (e.g. science-based industries, such as IT and bio-tech). In the discussion of different types of regional innovation systems five empirical illustrations from a Nordic comparative project on SMEs and regional innovation systems will be used: the furniture industry in Salling, Denmark; the wireless communication industry in North Jutland, Denmark; the functional food industry in Scania, Sweden; the food industry in Rogaland, Norway and the electronics industry in Horten, Norway. We argue that in terms of innovation policy the regional level often provides a grounded approach embedded in networks of actors acknowledging the importance of the knowledge base of an industry. 相似文献
2.
协同创新已成为企业实现技术创新的重要方式，但地区社会资本如何影响协同创新的研究却不充分。本文以2012年世界银行中国营商环境调查数据为研究样本，考察了地区社会资本对企业协同创新的影响。研究发现，地区社会资本对企业协同创新具有“促进作用”，企业所在地区的社会资本水平越高，其协同创新的可能性越高、投入力度越大。同时，社会资本的促进作用在企业机会主义行为问题较为严重的高技术密集型行业和法制环境较差地区更为明显。进一步研究发现，社会资本的促进作用主要体现在创新能力较弱、融资约束较为宽松等协同创新意愿较强的企业。 相似文献
3.
社会资本与区域创新网络之间存在紧密的互动关联.一方面,社会资本增进主体间的信任,改善区域内主体的知识创造和组织学习的基础和条件,形成区域合作创新的"促进器"和"胶合剂",有利于区域创新网络的形成和发展;另一方面,区域创新网络具有社会资本的特征,是一种有助于区域社会资本培育的组织形式.基于社会资本的知识创造和组织学习可以为区域创新网络构建一个综合分析框架. 相似文献
4.
Innovation in regions: What does really matter? 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The literature on systems of innovation conceptualises innovation as an evolutionary and social process of collective learning. But three main questions remain open: is this learning process rather internal or external? What are the boundaries of this process? Is this social process voluntary or rather unintended? This paper strives to tackle those questions by analysing the determinants of regional innovative levels in French manufacturing industries. By estimating a knowledge production function we find that building external interactions is of greater importance than developing internal innovative competences. Second, unintended knowledge flows have less influence on regional innovative performance than deliberate ones. Lastly, the French innovation system looks regional rather than sectoral. 相似文献
5.
中国区域创新模式测度及其创新政策再设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于欧盟的知识差异化模型和智慧型创新政策概念，结合对中国区域创新情境的探索性应用，力图对我国区域创新政策体系再设计提供有益的经验。首先，本文回顾了欧洲学者率先提出的知识差异化模型，并对智慧型创新政策在欧盟创新区域的应用进行了翔实阐释；其次，借鉴欧洲区域创新模式分类的测量指标体系，采集客观数据，对我国31个省市（自治区）的区域创新模式进行了量化测度，运用聚类分析法划分了5种“知识差异化”区域创新模式，分别是基于科学的区域、应用型科学区域、创造性应用区域、模仿创新区域以及创新启蒙区域。最后，针对不同区域的创新知识情境及差异化知识特征，对我国区域创新政策体系再设计提出了对策性建议。 相似文献
6.
构建内外部社会关系网络、培育和利用社会资本,是创客空间高效运行并实现目标的有效途径。基于双创情境特征,研究创客空间社会资本的形成及影响机理。研究表明,社区自治和创客网络社群影响创客空间内外部社会资本的形成。创客空间社会资本可分为结构、关系和认知三个维度,并以强弱联系、互惠规范和信任、共同价值观与愿景等形式,为创客提供知识共享和资源获取环境,促进技术创新和社会利润实现。以亚洲最大创客空间--北京创客空间为例,分析其社会资本形成过程及其对创客创新创业的影响。以促进创客空间高效运行和创客创新创业为目标,从社会资本结构、关系和认知三维度出发,为政府、社会、创客空间等相关主体提供建议。 相似文献
7.
社会资本与知识创新间关系的实证研究框架 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从知识管理背景的角度切入,研究了社会网络中的知识创新机理,探讨了社会资本与知识创新的内在关系,以及社会资本与契约安排、信息技术等的协同对知识创新所起的作用,为社会资本与知识创新间关系的实证研究建立一个理论框架,并指出,企业应通过加强对社会资本的培育以更好地进行知识创新. 相似文献
8.
上海、保定、杭州和天津等典型区域重视生态文明建设与低碳发展,构建了彰显地方特色的低碳创新模式。国内典型区域低碳创新实践与探索对中国其他区域的重要启示在于,树立低碳创新理念,完善区域低碳创新政策;加强低碳技术创新,构建低碳创新共同体;培育低碳创新型产业,加快产业转型升级;重视低碳创新的智力支持,构建多元化投融资机制;鼓励社会参与低碳创新,构建低碳消费模式。 相似文献
9.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):75-91
In April 1997, Tasmania (Australia) adopted the reputably successful New Brunswick (Canada) industrial strategy to build an information technology (IT) industry of significance. The strategy aims to overcome isolation in small regional economies and structurally change from declining natural resource industries. Both plans reject neo-classical economics-based industry policy, opting instead for a strong state-based investment planning approach. An analytical framework is set out, using Adolph Lowe's 'Instrumental Analysis', to examine implementation of both IT strategies. Implications of this analysis are drawn for any attempts at developing IT regional plans and, more generally, as a guide for broad strategic-based national industrial strategies. 相似文献
10.
Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper is concerned with the changing role of regional innovation systems and regional policies in supporting the transition of indigenous firms in developing countries from competing on low costs towards becoming knowledge providers in global value chains. Special attention is paid to policies supporting the emergence and development of the regional innovation system in this transition process. Regional innovation systems in developing countries have very recently started to be conceptualised as specialized hubs in global innovation and production networks (Asheim, B., Coenen, L., Vang-Lauridsen, J., 2007. Face-to-face, buzz and knowledge bases: socio-spatial implications for learning, innovation and innovation policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25 (5), 655-670; Chaminade, C., Vang, J., 2006a. Innovation policy for small and medium size SMEs in Asia: an innovation systems perspective. In: Yeung, H. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Asian Business. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham; Maggi, C., 2007. The salmon farming and processing cluster in Southern Chile. In: Pietrobello, C., Rabellotti, R. (Eds.), Upgrading and Governance in Clusters and Value Chains in Latin America. Harvard University Press). A specialized hub refers to a node in a global value chain that mainly undertakes one or a few of the activities required for the production and development of a given good or service or serves a particular segment of the global market. In global value chains, firms in developing countries have traditionally been responsible for the lowest added-value activities. However, a few emerging regional innovation systems in developing countries are beginning to challenge this scenario by rapidly upgrading in the value chain. There is, however, still only a poorly developed understanding of how the system of innovation emerges and evolves to support this transition process and what the role of regional innovation policy is in building the regional conditions that support indigenous small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in this transition process. This paper aims at reducing this omission by analyzing the co-evolution of the strategies of indigenous SMEs and the regional innovation system of Bangalore (India). 相似文献
11.
Public institutions involved in research that aims to strengthen the productivity, profitability and adaptiveness of industries face a multiplicity of challenges when managing for the emergence of cost effective solutions to problems. We reflect upon the learnings of a Government sponsored Visiting Fellow’s programme that we describe as a knowledge management (KM) intervention within Australia’s primary industries Research, Development and Extension (R, D and E) system. Our central concern is to draw upon the learnings of an internet-based initiative in the United States called eXtension to show how ‘traditional’ D and E activities can be transformed. We argue that organisations and networks involved in such D and E activities need to perceive themselves as belonging to systems that are socio-technical in nature. That is, the development and deployment of cross-jurisdictional and cross-institutional innovations are shaped by both the social interactions between people and the systematic use of technology to support distributed learning. We explain how the elements of an integrated model to support public KM can be developed to create the conditions for enhanced innovation. Our findings have relevance to a wide range of other industry sectors considering contemporary service models involving public and private partnerships. 相似文献
12.
13.
在开放式创新模式下,分析中国城市间知识合作创新的网络结构并探讨其背后的邻近性机制对提高城市创新效率、推进国家创新体系建设具有重要意义。本文基于中国285个地级及以上城市间论文合作发表和专利联合申请的截面数据,综合构建了2011年和2019年中国城市知识创新网络,分析其结构演化特征,并采用多元回归的二次指派程序（MRQAP）从邻近性视角探讨其演化机制。结果表明：①2011—2019年中国城市知识创新网络密度增强,择优链接弱化,呈现出多中心发展趋势,合作格局由北京和上海主导转变为北京上海引领与区域中心带动相结合,从而形成多个区域网。②城市间知识合作创新除了受城市经济水平、科教支持力度、行政等级的正向影响外,也受地理、组织、文化、社会、制度邻近的显著促进,邻近性机制对中国城市知识创新网络演化具有较强解释力。③不同维度邻近性对城市知识创新网络的影响是动态的和交互的,过度的地理、社会、认知邻近会阻碍城市间知识合作创新,认知邻近可弥补地理距离,而社会邻近往往伴随着地理邻近。在此基础上,针对中国创新型城市建设和城市协同创新发展提出相关政策建议。 相似文献
14.
尽管国内外学者对国家创新系统、区域创新系统、产业创新系统进行了大量系统的研究,但是缺乏对各创新系统之间关系的研究。如果不理清各创新系统之间关系,就难以深刻、完整地把握创新系统的状态和运行,也难以科学地指导创新政策的制定。回顾了创新系统研究演进,尤其是国家创新系统、区域创新系统和产业创新系统,并探讨了国家创新系统与区域创新系统、产业创新系统之间的关系。创新系统的研究可能沿着两个方向发展:一是构建多层次框架,统领从微观企业到中观产业和区域,再到宏观层面的国家,乃至全球创新要素之间的关系;二是研究某一地理尺度(如国家、区域)上产业创新要素之间的互动关系。 相似文献
15.
社会资本在我国扶贫开发战略中具有重要的作用。社会资本是贫困户获取资源和机会的重要渠道,是影响扶贫工程有效性及其产出效益的重要因素。文章从理论角度分析了社会资本及其经济影响,指出了我国贫困地区农村社会网络封闭性和内部分化、传统的规范认同失效和社会信任度弱化的现状特点,从实践角度探索了良好的社会资本对于贫困家庭脱贫解困,以及提升扶贫工作效率的促进作用。研究提出了培育贫困地区社会资本的3个重要途径,即着力构建贫困地区多元、新型的社会网络,着力提升民众对政府的信任度,着力营造与完善贫困地区的社会制度和规范建设。 相似文献
16.
既有研究表明面临资源短缺的中小企业能够通过资源拼凑实现创新，然而其并未揭示资源拼凑促进创新的作用过程和机制。基于组织学习理论的视角，本文构建了智力资本（人力资本、组织资本、社会资本）在资源拼凑到创新过程中的中介模型，并基于珠三角地区200家中小企业的数据进行了检验。研究结果表明智力资本部分中介了资源拼凑到创新的关系：资源拼凑在直接促进创新的同时，也间接通过提升企业的智力资本促进创新。在理论上，本研究揭示了资源拼凑对创新的作用过程和机理，弥补了已有研究的不足；在实践上，本研究为面临资源短缺的中小企业如何克服资源短缺，提升智力资本，进而推动创新提供了重要参考。 相似文献
17.
本文对30年来创新系统研究的发展进行了分析，涵盖了国家创新系统（NIS），区域创新系统（RIS），产业创新系统（SIS）以及技术创新系统（TIS）。文章按照创新系统研究的演化历程，分析了每个创新系统方法的理论起源，考察了引用最多的案例研究，分析了空间边界和分析单元，探讨了基本组成要素功能和分类方法，以厘清创新系统研究的理论体系，并在此基础上提出了每个创新系统研究方法需要进一步的研究。最后，对创新系统今后的研究进行了展望：加强创新系统方法的指向性和规范性导向；对创新系统分析框架内的最新方法进行整合，开展全球创新系统研究；加强对新兴经济体国家的研究，进一步证明创新系统理论在不同国家情境下的适用性。 相似文献
18.
Abstract Australia's treatment of information technology (IT) has vacillated between two policy directions: laissez faire, market directed strategy on the one hand, and strong government interventionist, plan directed strategy on the other. The resultant policy mix is more a collection of individual initiatives than a coherent strategy. It produces conflict between initiatives aimed at developing indigenous information industries and those improving the productivity and competitiveness of all industry by encouraging the wider application of IT. Unlike its East Asian neighbors, Australia does not have a powerful, independent economic planning agency capable of creating and implementing industrial and technology policy. Policies must be developed through the give and take of a democratic political process, a process that can lead to fragmented, uncoordinated policies based on bureaucratic inertia, the demands of special interest groups, and short‐term political considerations, rather than long‐term strategic plans. The future of IT policy in Australia will depend upon the kinds of consensus that can be achieved on the role of IT in economic development. It will also depend on the government's skill in implementing policy and on the reactions of the private sector to whatever policies emerge. 相似文献
19.
创新驱动发展战略的深入实施带动了创新要素的区际流动,基于新经济地理学理论和创新系统理论,要素流动会对区域创新绩效产生重要影响。本文从京津冀区域的创新政策出发,对区域创新政策协调、要素流动与区域创新绩效的作用机理进行了梳理澄清。基于2013年至2018年京津冀下辖的42个地级市/区级面板数据,通过对观察期内共1670条创新政策进行量化处理,分别运用固定效应和动态面板回归模型实证考察了创新政策协调对区域创新绩效的影响,并验证了要素流动在其中的中介效应,为改进政策协调进而提升区域创新绩效提供了实证支持。结果表明：创新政策协调对区域创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;要素流动在创新政策协调与区域创新绩效的关系中存在部分中介效应;人力要素和资本要素在此过程中的中介效应基本一致。 相似文献
20.
在对区域产业生态创新系统生态效率评价的基础上,以系统动力学为工具构建区域产业生态创新系统的仿真模型,对重庆产业生态创新系统的未来发展从企业行为、政府作为、研究机构、创新人才等四个方面进行仿真检验及预测,并探讨其创新资源综合配置的优化路径。 相似文献