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1.
基于企业和高校拥有资源的异质性所引发的校企合作资源配置策略的多重选择问题， 本文在知识流动的视角下构建了企业和高校两类创新主体演化博弈模型，深入探讨了校企合作资源配置策略的演化路径，分析了支付矩阵各参数变化对资源配置策略选择结果的影响，并进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：知识嵌入型资源配置策略的选择与校企双方的行为策略密切相关；企业和高校在资源配置选择中具有自组织的特性；校企双方获得利益，高校获得政府奖励和企业获得额外收益的增加对选择知识嵌入型资源配置有促进作用，相关资源消耗的提高对选择知识嵌入型资源配置策略有抑制作用，而共同收益分配比率与选择知识嵌入型资源配置之间存在倒U形关系。 相似文献
2.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):171-192
AbstractHom?opathy, once an accepted form of medicine, is currently under attack in Australia, so much so that its very existence is threatened. To illustrate techniques of marginalisation of hom?opathy in Australia, the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council’s (NHMRC) report of 2015 is examined. As there is no standard framework or classification of marginalisation techniques, boundary work ideas were used to suggest techniques used in the process of marginalisation. To condemn hom?opathy, the NHMRC used at least eight techniques: authority, asserting protection of autonomy, exclusion, double standards, normalisation, denigration, censorship, expansion and diversion. The NHMRC report is a revealing example of how biomedicine uses various tactics to marginalise alternative therapies, thereby maintaining biomedicine’s dominant position. 相似文献
3.
《Research Policy》2022,51(9):104378
While entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are often regarded as spatially bounded resource allocation systems that allocate and mobilise resources for new venture creation, less is known on the underlying process of resource allocation that sustains the development and prosperity of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Following an inductive approach, we conducted a qualitative study on Shenzhen's entrepreneurial ecosystem. Our findings show that the process of resource allocation in an entrepreneurial ecosystem unfolds in four interconnected themes - resource endowments, resource use, resource dynamics and enabling conditions of resource dynamics. Based on these dimensions, we offer an integrated process model revealing how an entrepreneurial ecosystem mobilises and allocates resources over time. Complementing the “resource-provision” account in extant literature that illuminates the optimal “recipes” of ecosystem resources as sources of competitiveness, we offer a “resource-dynamic” account, which addresses how effective resource allocation, mobilisation and circulation within and outside of the ecosystems may be alternative sources of sustained growth for entrepreneurial ecosystems. We also contribute to the regional entrepreneurship literature by shedding light on the feedback impacts of new venture creation activities on regional resources. Our findings offer implications for governments and entrepreneurs in guiding policy initiatives towards, and measuring the long-term health of, regional entrepreneurial ecosystems. 相似文献
4.
科技援疆战略是国家引导国内多方创新资源向新疆聚集，促进新疆创新资源聚集效率提升，提高新疆自主创新和自我发展能力的一项重大区域科技援助政策。准确科学评价其实施的“有效性”，不仅对其本身的实施和完善具有重大意义，还对其他国家区域科技援助政策产生借鉴作用。本文基于2003-2019年中国各省份的面板数据，运用双重差分倾向得分匹配法 (PSM-DID) 从创新资源聚集效率视角实证检验了科技援疆战略实施的“有效性”。研究发现，科技援疆战略对新疆创新资源聚集效率产生了显著负向影响，表明科技援疆战略并未促进新疆创新资源聚集效率提高；进一步的影响机制检验结果显示，援疆创新资源配置机制和使用机制在科技援疆战略对新疆创新资源聚集效率影响中具有中介效应，但两大机制未能实现援疆创新资源合理配置和有效利用，导致新疆创新资源聚集陷入了“低效率陷阱”，最终使得科技援疆战略对新疆创新资源聚集效率提高的促进作用难以显现。 相似文献
5.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):143-158
Using data from two surveys of science and technology academics in major Australian research universities, an assessment is made of researcher involvement in industry-research partnerships, the outputs and personal benefits that result, and the occurrence of delaying publications and withholding data and materials from colleagues. An estimated 40% of academics currently have industry research funding, with many also having other sources of funding. Some 60% of respondents with industry funding have attracted individually, or within a research group, funding of more than $250,000 over the past three years. About 35% of principal investigators with industry funding have total annual research budgets of over $101,000. While about 20% of academics have produced research results of commercial value, most of these have been less successful in increasing their personal incomes through research commercialisation and consulting, and equity in companies. Almost 40% with industry funding report having conducted research where the results are the property of a sponsor and cannot be published for a period without consent. Almost 20% of academics in 1997 and just over 20% in 2000 admitted having delayed publications for more than six months. However, safeguarding the researcher's self-interest appears to be as common a motive for delaying publication or failing to share research results or materials with scientific colleagues as protecting the property of a sponsor. 相似文献
6.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(4):367-377
Governments in a number of developed countries have repositioned their public research agencies to support economic objectives and to alleviate fiscal pressures. This has been accomplished through various strategies, including private-public partnerships and purchaser-provider arrangements. In the 1980s, the Australian Government introduced external earnings targets of up to 30% per annum for its public research agencies, as a means of strengthening their responsiveness to national economic needs. A case study of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization is presented in this article to discuss the impacts of the external earnings policy. Impacts on the type of research being undertaken by public research agencies, the quality of public research-industry relationships, the nature of scientists' work and the role of stakeholders are considered. A number of dilemmas are raised relating to the role of public scientific research. 相似文献
7.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):253-260
This is an advance notice of a new research programme, supported by Britain's Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), investigating the restructuring of practices and institutions in the digital age. The call for applications is planned for November 2001; first projects are expected to commence in October 2002. The ESRC is currently preparing the recruitment of a Programme Director.Further information on the process will be published in due course and will be available on the ESRC's website at: http:/ /www.esrc.ac.uk/E-Society.htm. Below is the text of the proposal on the basis of which the ESRC decided to fund a research programme in this area. This proposal was developed through a consultancy led by Professor William H. Dutton. Please note that there might be changes to the programme outline once the Programme Director is appointed. Contact: Angelika Hamilton, angelika.hamilton@esrc.ac.uk, with any comments or recommendations. 相似文献
8.
中文学术期刊学术诚信控制机制应用现状调查 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]反映我国中文学术期刊采用国际通用学术诚信控制机制的现状。[方法]依据《中文核心期刊要目总览(2011年版)》,采用简单随机抽样法,从各个一级学科中分别抽取20%的期刊(共401种)作为研究样本,以各个期刊2015年第1期印本及其官方网站为依据,调查各期刊采用作者贡献声明、采用潜在利益冲突声明、要求研究数据公开、要求责任编辑公开的情况。[结果]样本期刊中99%以上期刊没有提供作者贡献声明,98%以上期刊未提及任何原始数据信息,没有一种样本期刊提供潜在利益冲突声明,48.38%期刊给出了每篇论文的责任编辑。[结论]我国中文学术期刊很少采用国际通用的学术诚信控制机制。建议学术期刊应全面采用学术诚信控制机制,提高对学术诚信进行细化、可操作、可检验、可比较以及可问责的检验能力。 相似文献
9.
基于高校学术行政化趋势的加深,选取2008年和2014年共5 128项国家社科基金立项项目数据及主持人信息为样本,从"行政化教师"角度出发,利用多元有序Probit模型和倾向得分匹配方法(PSM)实证研究了"双权融合"对学术资源配置的影响。结果显示,probit估计发现在控制自身禀赋后,"双权"会对资源配置产生正向显著影响,倾向得分匹配法发现"双权"会达到约11%的影响效应。研究还发现,行政权力获得优质学术资源概率相较学术权力要高出约3%,但呈现疲软态势;随着行政级别的提升,"双权"对资源的影响程度会趋于加强,且越高级别资源这种趋势会越显著。 相似文献
10.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):75-91
In April 1997, Tasmania (Australia) adopted the reputably successful New Brunswick (Canada) industrial strategy to build an information technology (IT) industry of significance. The strategy aims to overcome isolation in small regional economies and structurally change from declining natural resource industries. Both plans reject neo-classical economics-based industry policy, opting instead for a strong state-based investment planning approach. An analytical framework is set out, using Adolph Lowe's 'Instrumental Analysis', to examine implementation of both IT strategies. Implications of this analysis are drawn for any attempts at developing IT regional plans and, more generally, as a guide for broad strategic-based national industrial strategies. 相似文献
11.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):263-269
This paper contrasts the immediate representations of Islam on US television and CNN's online messageboard by focusing on the noun phrases for 'Islamic' used in both media fora from September 11 to 16. The study found some notable congruities and differences in the associations made with Islam in each context. It considers these findings in terms of previous research on the representation of Islam and terrorism in 'Western' media; the official insistence that 'we' are not at war with Islam; and media theories of 'framing' and 'reception'. 相似文献
12.
新冠肺炎疫情从发生到快速暴发流行,对我国现行以《传染病防治法》《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》为核心的公共卫生应急法律制度体系形成了重大的挑战。在新发突发传染病预防控制、疾病控制与公共应急事权配置、信息公开发布及防控紧急措施合法性等方面,均暴露出原有体系的明显短板和不足。因此,亟须根据当前疫情防控形势,尽快依法决定在疫情严重的局部区域宣布紧急状态;而在后续修法、立法中,要完善新发突发传染病风险应对防控制度体系,建立常态化公共卫生预警的法律机制,依法有效维护公众健康知情权。 相似文献
13.
生命科学近150多年的发展历程可概括为环环相扣的3个阶段：经典遗传学时代、分子遗传学与分子生物学时代和生命组学与系统生物学时代。当代生命科学空前繁荣,呈现若干新特征：原始发现层出不穷,致使底层创新井喷;系统论与还原论并重,层层揭秘复杂生命过程;学科汇聚融合,生命科学从定性描述开始实现动态、精准和定量解读;科学数据共享,成为生命科学界普遍遵循的规则;合成生物学与人工智能兴起,为生命科学研究提供了新的范式。这些特征使生命科学知识获得极大丰富、生物技术得以快速迭代升级。与此同时,中国生命科学厚积薄发,近10年进步显著,逐渐改写世界生命科学版图,并在科技抗击新冠肺炎疫情中贡献突出。随着世界政治经济格局发生深刻变化,中国生命科学面临更多挑战。理顺各科研模块的功能定位和资源配置,创建先进科研文化、营造良好科研氛围、坚持开放与国际合作,将进一步夯实中国生命科学的基础,使其更加卓越,贡献科技强国建设,丰厚回馈人类健康和社会经济。 相似文献
14.
《Research Policy》2021,50(10):104367
The study of research funding arrangements and the production of scientific knowledge has been marked by a lack of understanding about how research funding instruments interact and how these instruments shape policy-making and research fields. To fill this research gap, this study is theoretically supported by policy feedback and policy instruments’ interaction studies. It investigates the effects of the UK's research assessment exercise in the creation of the most emblematic national thematic research program for the field of educational research in the country – the Teaching and Learning Research Programme (TLRP). Based on qualitative analysis of policy documents and semi-structured interviews with policy-makers and boundary-spanners, this paper shows how the research assessment exercise contributed to the creation of the TLRP and how the interaction between the two policy instruments shaped the field of educational research in England. In particular, the results show a) how the institutionalisation of the research assessment led to frame a “quality problem” in educational research that legitimated several policy initiatives, including the creation of the national thematic research programme (interpretative effects) and a shift in resources allocation (resource/incentive effects); and b) how the interaction between the two policy instruments contributed to methodological and epistemic drifts in the field of educational research. 相似文献
15.
Donald McLean Lamberton 《The Information Society》2013,29(1):35-51
Abstract While economic systems have become increasingly information‐intensive, economic modeling has yet to incorporate a balanced view of information as a resource. A common substitute, the assumption that more information is better than less, has dangerous consequences because it usually lacks a typology of information, assumes that expected productivity increases are realized, and neglects both equity aspects and the need to search for more appropriate forms of organization. UNESCO's UNISIST program is reviewed to illustrate these consequences and to argue the relevance of the emerging information economics. 相似文献
16.
Bhaven N. Sampat 《Research Policy》2012,41(10):1729-1741
The NIH (National Institutes of Health) is the largest single funder of biomedical research in the world. This paper documents tensions between the agency's health and science missions and considers how, in light of these, it has managed to sustain a level of bipartisan political support uncommon in U.S. health or research policy. It highlights the serendipity hypothesis, the presence of “safety valve” mechanisms that allow it to (on occasion) target research at particular diseases and priorities, and a broad and diverse set of constituencies as important to understanding the agency's political success. Through an in-depth look at the NIH allocation process, the paper also provides insights into how demand-side considerations can affect the direction of scientific research. 相似文献
17.
数字经济发展对技术企业的资源配置效应研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(8):1390-1400
数字经济的发展改变了市场要素供给结构，为资源配置提供了新机制，基于2011-2018年中国城市层面和技术企业个体层面的数据，使用“VHSD-EM”模型从多维指标体系评价数字经济发展指数，基于资源配置理论，实证检验数字经济对技术企业的资源配置效应。研究发现：数字经济的发展显著提高了技术企业的创新资源配置，在替换变量和引入工具变量后，其配置效应具有稳健性。数字经济的资源配置效应在不同城市、不同区域、不同企业间存在明显的差异。使用门槛模型发现数字经济对技术企业的资源配置具有“边际效应”递增的非线性特征。使用空间模型发现数字经济对技术企业资源配置具有显著的空间溢出效应，表明数字经济的发展有助于形成企业间协同创新的发展格局。研究意义：从企业微观层面加深了对数字经济红利效应的理解，对提高资源配置和促进企业创新发展具有指导作用。 相似文献
18.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(2):178-193
The Bell Labs of decades ago was well recognized as a national treasure for its pioneering innovations and its creation of new knowledge. However, the breakup of the Bell System that occurred in 1984 resulted in considerable change for research and development in telecommunication. This paper reviews that history and, in anticipation of continuing uncertainty and a possible impending crisis, examines possible options for the future to assure leadership by the United States in basic research in telecommunication. 相似文献
19.
Abstract Rural America has historically been plagued with a disproportionate shortage of health, education, and other public services. However, the application of rapidly changing telecommunications technologies can alleviate many of the problems associated with these isolated and “technologically undernourished” areas. Technologies such as low‐power television, direct broadcast satellites, and satellite‐fed cable services offer the opportunity for building a rural telecommunications network and thus improving services and the quality of life. However, in order for this goal to be realized, the economic constraints presented by insufficient consumer demand and unprofitable markets must be overcome. Direct government subsidization or increased support of projects may be necessary to encourage the private sector to increase investment in telecommunications facilities in rural communities. 相似文献
20.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):193-209
In studies of firms' internationalisation, language has tended to be bundled into 'cultural and psychic distance boxes'. In this article, an attempt is made to unbundle the impact of language through (a) an examination of the way in which language influences the pattern of foreign market expansion; and (b) an analysis of how a firm may try to cope with language diversity by adopting a common corporate language. We conclude that attempts to impose a common corporate language may hinder or alter information flows, knowledge transfer, and communication. 相似文献