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1.
Christina D. Peters John H. Kranzler James Algina Stephen W. Smith Ann P. Daunic 《Psychology in the schools》2014,51(5):452-465
The aim of the current study was to examine mean‐group differences on behavior rating scales and variables that may predict such differences. Sixty‐five teachers completed the Clinical Assessment of Behavior–Teacher Form (CAB‐T) for a sample of 982 students. Four outcome variables from the CAB‐T were assessed. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze variance components across three levels; examine mean‐group differences across outcome variables for student gender, race/ethnicity, and free or reduced‐price lunch status; and examine whether teacher variables predicted teacher‐specific differences in ratings. Results revealed that a significant amount of variance was attributable to teacher‐ and school‐level variables. Several mean‐group differences emerged, and some teacher‐specific differences in ratings across groups were predicted by teacher self‐efficacy for behavior management and teacher age, but not for teacher race/ethnicity, gender, or years of experience. 相似文献
2.
The role of student attention for predicting kindergarten word reading was investigated among 432 students. Using Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale behavior rating scores, the authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis, which yielded three distinct factors that reflected selective attention. In this study, the authors focused on the role of one of these factors, which they labeled attention-memory, for predicting reading performance. Teacher ratings of attention-memory predicted word reading above and beyond the contribution of phonological awareness and vocabulary knowledge. In addition, the relations between four teacher practices and attention ratings for predicting reading performance were examined. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the authors found significant interactions between student attention and teacher practices observed during literacy instruction. In general, as ratings of attention improved, better kindergarten word reading performance was associated with high levels of classroom behavior management. However, better word reading performance was not associated with high levels of teacher task orienting. A significant three-way interaction was also found among attention, individualized instruction, and teacher task redirections. The role of regulating kindergarten student attention to support beginning word reading skill development is discussed. 相似文献
3.
Several forms of assessment tools, including behavioral rating scales and objective tests such as the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), can be used to measure inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors associated with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, research with school-age children has shown that the correlations between parent ratings, teacher ratings, and scores on objective measures of ADHD-characteristic behaviors are modest at best. In this study, we examined the relations between parent and teacher ratings of ADHD and CPT scores in a sample of 65 preschoolers ranging from 50 to 72 months of age. No significant associations between teacher and parent ratings of ADHD were found. Parent-ratings of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity accounted for variance in CPT omission errors but not CPT commission errors. Teacher ratings showed evidence of convergent and discriminant validity when entered simultaneously in a hierarchical regression. These tools may be measuring different aspects of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. 相似文献
4.
Av professor Johs. Sandven 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2013,57(1):147-168
Werdelin, I. (1969). Relationship between Teacher Ratings, Peer Ratings, and Self Ratings of Behavior in School. Scand. J. Educ. Res., 13, 147‐169. A rating scale of student behavior was given to teachers and a self‐rating scale to the students themselves, who also judged the behavior of their classmates. The teacher rating scale was factor analyzed, separately for each sex, and so was the self‐rating scale. The teacher rating scale, the self‐rating scale, and the peer rating scale were also factor analyzed jointly. Relations with other behavior variables and intellectual variables were found. Close connection appeared between teacher ratings (including school marks) and peer ratings, while self‐ratings differed considerably from these. This is a report from the School Mathematics Project at the School of Education, Malmö, Sweden. The data treated were collected during the author's stay in the United States, and he wants to thank Dr. Max Beberman for kind support. 相似文献
5.
This paper studies the effect of teacher gender and ethnicity on student evaluations of teaching at university. We analyze a unique data-set featuring mixed teaching teams and a diverse, multicultural, multi-ethnic group of students and teachers. Blended co-teaching allows us to study the link between student evaluations of teaching and teacher gender as well as ethnicity exploiting within course variation in a panel data model with course-year fixed effects. We document a negative effect of being a female teacher on student evaluations of teaching, which amounts to roughly one fourth of the sample standard deviation of teaching scores. Overall women are 11 percentage points less likely to attain the teaching evaluation cut-off for promotion to associate professor compared to men. The effect is robust to a host of co-variates such as course leadership, teacher experience and research quality, as well as an alternative teacher fixed effect specification. There is no evidence of a corresponding ethnicity effect. Our results are suggestive of a gender bias against female teachers and indicate that the use of teaching evaluations in hiring and promotion decisions may put female lectures at a disadvantage. 相似文献
6.
This study investigated the effectiveness of teacher ratings of student social behavior in differentiating a group of 81 elementary‐age gifted students from a control group of 81 age and gender matched non‐gifted students. The School Social Behavior Scales, a recently developed set of rating scales that assesses both social competence and antisocial behavior, was used for the ratings. Gifted students were rated as having significantly higher levels of social competence and lower levels of antisocial behavior than the comparison group, and the individual scores of the gifted students were significantly skewed in the direction of better social‐behavioral adjustment. The findings also indicated the presence of a small subset of gifted students who appeared to have extremely poor social competence and high levels of problem behaviors. The results are compared to previous research on the psychosocial development of gifted children, and important areas for future research on this topic are recommended. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2005,43(1-2):6-24
This paper reports on results of research from a 25-year program of studies investigating teacher–student relationships in secondary classrooms. The authors review the research that examines teaching from an interpersonal perspective using a communicative systems approach and propose a model to describe teacher–student relationships in terms of teacher behavior. The studies used the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) to collect data on students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the teacher–student relationship. The authors review studies showing that teacher–student relationships appropriate for high student outcomes are characterized by a rather high degree of teacher influence and proximity towards students. Studies on non-verbal behavior and the spatial position of the teacher in the class support the need for beginning teachers to portray the image of an experienced teacher whenever they address the class as a group. The paper concludes that the QTI is a useful research tool, but research on the QTI as a feedback instrument for teachers is insufficient to prove its usefulness. 相似文献
8.
Nand Kishor Ph.D. 《Research in higher education》1995,36(2):177-195
Performance judgment is a situation of incomplete information where raters' inference would play an important role. Consequently, the schematic nature of human cognition may introduce implicit personality theory bias in performance judgment. To demonstrate this, a causal model of performance rating judgment was framed from the theories of person perception and social cognition. The model yielded a good fit to the data obtained from a performance rating task where the availability of performance information was manipulated. The results supported the hypotheses that student raters' inferences are partly contaminated by their implicit theories of a good instructor. Student raters inferred traits and behaviors and provided ratings for corresponding items even when the instructor behavior was limited to a subset of performance data only. The findings imply that one aspect of invalidity in student ratings of instructors is the bias in human inference due to the implicit theories of effective instructional behavior. 相似文献
9.
E. Grant Youmans 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):259-271
Teacher ratings of students’ potential achievement, classroom behavior, and personal characteristics, and teacher-student dyadic interaction measures were obtained to examine the nature of teacher perceptions and interaction with black and white, male and female students in integrated classrooms. Two-way (race X sex) multivariate analysis of variance of the ratings and interaction data yielded significant differences in teacher perceptions of their students according to race, with whites being rated more favorably than blacks. There were no significant sex effects or differences in teacher-student interaction. Examination of the relationship between student behavior and teacher ratings revealed differences between black and white students, suggesting that the teacher differentially interpreted the same student behavior depending on the students’ race. 相似文献
10.
With the use of surveys of instructional effectiveness that use Likert rating scales, bias is a potential threat to the validity
of interpretations. Simple summation of ratings or the use of larger samples are not methods for removing bias. In this study,
a new model for scaling ratings is examined. The method both identifies and corrects for bias. Working with a database of
student ratings of college instruction, the model was tested in terms of a variety of criteria. Results indicated that bias
was detected and that it was large enough to warrant our concern. The statistical corrections were significant both in terms
of order and magnitude of class means. Implications for future studies include the specification of more potential sources
of bias, the interaction of some of these factors, and the development of more systematic evidence supporting the need to
be attentive to bias. The many-faceted Rasch model used in this study needs more evaluation before we are convinced of its
utility to study and correct for bias, but preliminary evidence is encouraging. Recommendations were offered for a theoretical
rationale for studying bias in student ratings of instructional effectiveness and a program of research leading to the use
of this model for reporting results for use in improving instruction and for promotion, tenure, and merit decisions.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta
April 1993. 相似文献
11.
Scott W. VanderStoep Eric M. Anderman Carol Midgley 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2013,24(3):254-271
We proposed a causal relationship between teachers’ perception of principal leadership behavior, school culture, and teacher and student commitment. We hypothesized that a concept we called principal “venturesomeness” would be related to a school culture that stresses accomplishment and mastery, which in turn would be related to teacher commitment, which in turn would predict student commitment to school. We define principal venturesomeness as the extent to which principals are seen as being willing to take risks, are innovative in their approach to instructional leadership, and in general display and encourage achievement‐oriented behavior. The model was tested in two different samples. The first sample was third‐ through six‐grade teachers and students from schools in Arizona. The second sample was third‐ through fifth‐grade teachers and students from Florida. The model was tested using LISREL VI. Many similarities existed between the models in the two samples. Principal Venturesomeness was a strong predictor of an Accomplishment Culture, which in turn was a strong predictor of Teacher Commitment. Contrary to our hypothesis, no relationship existed between Teacher Commitment and Student Commitment. The summary fit statistics indicate that the model did not explain the data adequately. The χ2/df ratio was greater than a rule‐of‐thumb 5.0 and the goodness‐of‐fit index was less than a rule‐of‐thumb .9 in both studies. Although the studies indicated some interesting conceptual relationships, it appears that the proposed model does not adequately explain the theoretical relationships between teacher perceptions, school culture, and teacher and student commitment. The studies do suggest one research direction not yet explored in the literature. That is, the relationship between teacher commitment and student commitment. More empirical work exploring how teacher commitment relates to student outcomes is encouraged. 相似文献
12.
Keith Cardwell 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(1):81-83
Students in part‐time courses were interviewed about their perceptions of good teaching and tutoring. The perceptions differed markedly between those with reproductive conceptions of learning and students holding self‐determining ones. The former preferred didactic teaching but disliked interaction, whereas the latter had almost diametrically opposite perspectives by finding student‐centred approaches consistent with their conceptions of learning. The findings have implications for the evaluation of teaching, as ratings are likely to be influenced by the predominant conceptions of learning of a class. It is common for individual instructors to be regularly evaluated by teacher evaluation questionnaires, which often have a teacher‐centred bias, and for the ratings to be used for appraisal. It is argued that this leads to conservatism as teachers fear that students with reproductive conceptions of learning will reduce their ratings if they innovate in their teaching. As the degree of bias from this ratings‐lowering phenomenon may be quite large, the findings are a caution against the common practice of using absolute rating values from both teacher evaluation questionnaires and programme‐level evaluation by instruments such as the Course Experience Questionnaire. Results need to be interpreted together with other evidence and take into account contextual factors including students' conceptions of learning. 相似文献
13.
Stefanie A. Wind Chia-Lin Tsai Sara B. Grajeda Christi Bergin 《School Effectiveness & School Improvement》2018,29(3):485-510
Teacher evaluation systems commonly rely on observation of teaching practice (OTP) by school principals. However, the value of OTP as evidence of teacher effectiveness depends on its psychometric quality. In this study, we address a key aspect of the psychometric quality of principals’ OTP ratings. Specifically, we investigate the degree to which rating scale categories have a consistent interpretation across teaching episodes and practices. Results suggest that the 1,324 principals’ use of the rating scale categories functioned as intended overall. However, we also found that the midpoint category is underutilized and that rating categories do not always reflect similar levels of teaching effectiveness across teaching episodes and practices. When such discrepancies occur, we cannot assume principals’ ratings reflect a consistent level of teacher effectiveness within and across classrooms. This is a critical component of validity evidence that can inform the interpretation of OTP ratings and point to areas for improvement in both the rubrics and in principals’ training for classroom observations. 相似文献
14.
Students' ratings of teacher personality and teaching competence 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John Jones 《Higher Education》1989,18(5):551-558
The validity of student rating of teaching is discussed in terms of the effect that students' perceptions of teacher personality might have on that rating. A procedure for using student feedback to evaluate teaching was trialled which sought to minimise the effect of teacher personality on students' ratings of teaching quality. A total of fifteen rating exercises, using ten teachers over a two year period, was carried out. Results indicate that teacher personality, as perceived by students, is still very significantly related to their ratings of teaching quality. It is argued that this is a proper state of affairs which does not undermine the validity of student ratings. 相似文献
15.
The psychometric properties of the Classroom Performance Profile (CPP), a teacher rating scale, were investigated using primary grade children from economically at‐risk families. Students were rated as they progressed from kindergarten through third grade. The CPP demonstrated high internal consistency yielding Cronbach alpha coefficients for the total score of at least .96. CPP ratings were correlated with scores from the Woodcock‐Johnson Psycho‐Educational Battery–Revised: Tests of Achievement and the Social Skills Rating System–Teacher Form, Elementary Level. Results suggest that the CPP ratings were positively correlated with measures of academic achievement, academic competence, and social skills, and negatively correlated with problem behaviors. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
16.
Hughes JN 《The Elementary school journal》2011,112(1):38-60
The shared and unique effects of teacher and student reports of teacher student relationship quality (TSRQ) in second and third grade on academic self views, behavioral engagement, and achievement the following year were investigated in a sample of 714 academically at-risk students. Teacher and student reports of teacher-student support and conflict showed low correspondence. As a block, teacher and student reports of TSRQ predicted all outcomes, above prior performance on that outcome and background variables. Student reports uniquely predicted school belonging, perceived academic competence, and math achievement. Teacher reports uniquely predicted behavioral engagement and child perceived academic competence. Teacher and student reports of the teacher-student relationship assess largely different constructs that predict different outcomes. Implications of findings for practice and research are discussed. 相似文献
17.
《Contemporary educational psychology》2001,26(3):382-399
This study explored the extent to which student interest and grading leniency were predictive of teacher ratings. Unlike other teacher rating research, however, this study measured student interest at the beginning and end of seven sections of two courses; further, grading leniency was explicitly defined and measured, not inferred from expected grade and workload. Data indicate that precourse interest was positively associated with expected grade, but was not predictive of ratings, nor did it moderate the expected grade–rating association. Rather, interest change was positively associated with expected grade and predictive of ratings. Further, interest change and grading leniency provided incremental variance in ratings, beyond that provided by expected grade. 相似文献
18.
Marjorie H. Thorpe 《College Teaching》2013,61(3):160-161
AbstractThis paper defines teacher empathy, argues that teacher empathy enhances student learning, and offers suggestions for increasing teacher empathy. Teacher empathy is the degree to which an instructor works to deeply understand students’ personal and social situations, to feel care and concern in response to students’ positive and negative emotions, and to respond compassionately without losing the focus on student learning. Teacher empathy is communicated to students through course policies as well as the instructor’s behavior toward students. To increase teacher empathy, we review non-pejorative explanations for undesirable student behavior (e.g., fear of failure), and we suggest ways in which faculty can learn about their students and can structure course policies to increase teacher empathy. Ultimately, we call for research on teacher empathy and student learning. 相似文献
19.
《International Journal of Educational Research》2005,43(1-2):72-88
This contribution reviews research that links students’ and teachers’ ethnic background to students’ perceptions of teacher interpersonal behavior, teacher treatment of individual students, and student achievement and subject-related attitudes. The review mainly includes studies from the United States, Australia and the Netherlands and a few Asian countries (Singapore, Brunei and Taiwan). The literature revealed that ethnicity is consistently associated with students’ perceptions of their teachers, that the way teachers communicate varies according to the ethnicity of their students and that teacher interpersonal behavior may be more important for immigrant minority students’ outcomes than for their indigenous peers. The article finishes off by offering suggestions for future research. 相似文献
20.
Maria S. Poulou 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2017,45(3):427-435
The study aimed to investigate how teachers’ perceptions of emotional intelligence, and social and emotional learning (SEL) relate to teacher–student relationships. Teachers’ perceptions of teacher–student relationships and the degree of agreement with students’ perceptions was also investigated. Preschool teachers from 92 public schools in central Greece completed the Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Teacher SEL Beliefs Scale, and the Student–Teacher Relationships Scale-Short Form for 238 students aged 5–6 years old. 170 students were interviewed using the Young Children’s Appraisal of Teacher Support. Regression analysis revealed that both teachers and students emphasized the role of teachers’ perceptions of SEL in positive teacher–student relationships. However, there was no agreement between teachers and students regarding teacher–student relationships. These findings and their implications for research and practice are discussed. 相似文献