共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 138 毫秒
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目的：探索我国与世界优秀女子高尔夫运动员一号木技术动作的特点与差异。方法：使用Simi-Motion三维摄像解析系统分析现役6名中国优秀女子高尔夫运动员以及6名世界优秀女子高尔夫运动员一号木全挥杆动作。结果：1）击球效果方面,球速与起飞角度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。我国运动员的球速、起飞角度与世界优秀运动员均呈显著性差异（P<0.05）。2）膝关节变化方面,下杆9点钟左膝关节角度与挥速呈显著性正相关（P<0.05）。3）髋、肩转动方面,下杆9点钟髋转动角度和肩髋相对转动角度分别对球速和击球距离影响显著,呈正相关关系（P<0.05）,在下杆9点钟我国优秀运动员的左膝关节角度与世界优秀运动员较为接近,髋转动角度和肩髋相对转动角度均值分别低于世界水平11.50°和7.23°。4）重心转移方面,大部分运动员在到达上杆12点钟时,重心便开始向目标方向转移,在下杆过程中重心先降后升,在重心上升阶段完成击球;击球瞬间相对上杆顶点的重心在X轴的位移距离与击球距离呈负相关关系（P<0.05）,我国运动员的位移差为（1.35±1.02）cm,与世界优秀运动员水平相当。结论... 相似文献
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无球挥杆与挥杆击球普遍被认为是同一动作,所以无球挥杆动作顺畅稳定的球手如果不能将其发挥到挥杆击球中则被认为是动作未定型或
者发挥不稳定的表现。目的：有球和无球挥杆动作是否相同,杆头速度是否存在差异,这些差异由哪些运动学要素决定。方法：熟练球手随机做5次
有球挥杆和5次无球挥杆,计算杆头速度、肩髋夹角、躯干前倾角、躯干侧屈角和主导侧前臂角和杆-臂角,采用配对T 检验对比有球和无球挥杆动作
各要素间的差异。结果：击球时,无球挥杆的杆头速度比有球大,且两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;无球挥杆动作下杆过程肩髋夹角最大值较小,
球杆释放时的前臂角较大,球杆释放过程杆-臂角的变化幅度较小,下杆至击球点躯干的前倾角度变化较大,击球时躯干侧屈角度较小,且这些决定
杆头速度的运动学要素与有球挥杆动作的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论：有球和无球挥杆动作并不相同,球手在2种挥杆动作中表现出的杆
头速度和相关运动学参数的差异体现了他们具有根据不同任务准确调控身体环节的协调能力;同时也提示,在高尔夫挥杆教学过程中,经无球挥杆
练习掌握连贯动作后,必须通过加强挥杆击球练习才能达到有效提高杆头速度的目标。 相似文献
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为了更好的理解高尔夫球飞行路线的影响机制,以便为高尔夫球手更加自如的控制球路。文章从运动生物力学角度,结合空气动力学原理,分析高尔夫运动挥杆击球以及球在空中飞行和落地后的受力形式,围绕高尔夫球飞离地面、空中飞行、落地滚动及停止等主要环节,分析不同的击打方式对球飞行路线产生差别的受力情况,为高尔夫运动者进行练习提供科学的理论基础。 相似文献
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负重爬梯训练对大鼠腓肠肌IGF-Ⅰ、IGF-IEa、MGF和MSTN基因表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究负重爬梯训练对大鼠腓肠肌IGF-I,IGF-I Ea,MGF和MSTN基因表达的影响。方法:12只8周龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验组(TG,training group)和对照组(CG,control group)。TG组采用尾部负重(负荷从体重的30%逐周增加至200%)爬梯训练模式,训练10周(3times/set,2sets/day,3days/week),采用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法分析大鼠腓肠肌IGF-I多肽、IGF-I Ea、MGF和MSTNmRNA基因表达。结果:10周训练后,相对CG组,IGF-I多肽和MGF mRNA在TG组腓肠肌的表达量上调(P<0.05),IGF-I Ea mRNA的表达量没有变化(P>0.05),MSTN mRNA的表达量下调(P<0.05)。结论:负重爬梯抗阻训练可以通过上调IGF-I多肽、MGF mRNA和下调MSTN mRNA引起大鼠腓肠肌肌肉肥大,IGF-IEa mRNA对这一过程可能没有影响。 相似文献
6.
目的:研究负重爬梯训练对大鼠腓肠肌IGF-I,IGF-I Ea,MGF和MSTN基因表达的影响.方法:12只8周龄SD雄性大鼠随机分为实验组(TG,training group)和对照组(CG,control group).TG组采用尾部负重(负荷从体重的30%逐周增加至200%)爬梯训练模式,训练10周(3times/set,2sets/day,3days/week),采用免疫组化和RT-PCR方法分析大鼠腓肠肌IGF-I多肽、IGF-I Ea、MGF和MSTN mRNA基因表达.结果:10周训练后,相对CG组,IGF-I多肽和MGF mRNA在TG组腓肠肌的表达量上调(P＜0.05),IGF-I Ea mRNA的表达量没有变化(P＞0.05),MSTN mRNA的表达量下调(P＜0.05).结论:负重爬梯抗阻训练可以通过上调IGF-I多肽、MGF mRNA和下调MSTN mRNA引起大鼠腓肠肌肌肉肥大,IGF-IEa mRNA对这一过程可能没有影响. 相似文献
7.
目的:探讨多模态功能训练对功能性踝关节不稳(Functional ankle instability,FAI)患者肌肉力量、本体感觉功能和动态平衡能力的影响。方法:45名FAI患者随机分为常规力量训练组(strengh training,ST组,n=22)和多模态功能训练组(multimodal function training,MFT组,n=23)。ST组常规力量训练,MFT组在常规力量力量训练的基础上增加本体感觉和姿势控制训练,康复训练共进行8周,2个训练周期。实验前后分别对2组实验对象患侧踝关节屈、伸、内翻和外翻肌群60°/s和180°/s等动向心收缩相对峰值力矩、本体感觉(踝关节屈、伸、内收和外翻运动感觉功能、腓骨肌反应时)和动态平衡能力(前方得分(A)、后内侧得分(PM)、后外侧得分(PL)和YBT-CS总得分)进行测试。结果:1)2组受试者患侧踝关节60°/s和180°/s等动向心踝关节肌群相对峰值力矩均显著大于实验前(P<0.05),且二者组间没有显著性差异(P>0.05);2)实验后,ST组本体感觉功能没有显著性改变(P>0.05),MFI组本体感觉各项指标均显著小于实验前(P<0.005,P<0.01,P<0.05),且均显著低于ST组(P<0.05);3)试验后,2组受试者动态平衡各指标均优于实验前(P<0.05,P<0.01),且MFI动态平衡各项指标均优于ST组(P>0.05)。结论:MFT康复训练能够显著改善FAI患者肌力、本体感觉和动态平衡能力,且效果更优于ST组。 相似文献
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黎吉权 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(7):11-12
作为一项新兴的运动项目,高尔夫技术教学的方法和手段研究不足。为使初学者尽快掌握高尔夫技术关键点,提出了在高尔夫技术教学中引入体育舞蹈的观点。认为将体育舞蹈渗入到高尔夫技术教学过程中的各个环节,能帮助学生建立核心力量观念,体会恰当的重心转移,学会控制动作节奏,还能激发学生的学习兴趣。运用此教法进行的教学实验结果也表明,实验组学生的专项技能测评的平均成绩明显优于对照组,且该差异性具有高度显著性(P<0.01),表明此教学法具有较高的应用与推广价值。 相似文献
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目的：通过同一项群训练的迁移理论,验证INT对篮球运动员的下肢爆发力的影响。研究方法：选择20名平均年龄18岁的大学男子篮球运动员作为实验对象,分为实验组(EG)和对照组(CG),对EG受试者进行8周,每周3次,每次90 min; CG受试者进行8周传统力量训练,每周3次,每次90 min,在实验干预前后分别对受试者下肢爆发力进行测试。研究结果：训练干预后,EG与CG受试者相比,助跑垂直纵跳、垂直纵跳、单脚侧跳和立定跳远成绩均有显著性提高(P<0.05)。研究结论：INT训练能够对篮球运动员的下肢爆发力产生积极的影响。建议：在球类实践或训练过程中,可以合理利用抗阻训练、超等长训练、动态稳定训练、速度训练和灵敏训练等与专项技术运动相结合,提升在比赛中的专项动作效率,使INT训练的综合效果能直接运用到比赛所需的技战术动作模式中,为运动员训练效果的专项化迁移奠定扎实基础。 相似文献
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目的:通过建立肥胖大鼠低氧训练模型,观察比目鱼肌糖有氧代谢关键酶的基因表达水平,探讨低氧训练对肥胖大鼠有氧代谢能力的影响。方法:出生21天的离乳雄性SD大鼠,经高脂饲料喂养10周、肥胖模型验证成功后,继续高脂饲料喂养2周,筛选130只随机分为13组:对照0周组,低氧安静1、2、3、4周组,常氧训练1、2、3、4周组,低氧训练1、2、3、4周组。低氧环境模拟海拔3 500m(氧浓度13.6%);常氧和低氧训练组分别以25m/min、20m/min进行跑台训练,各训练组持续运动1h/d、6d/w、1～4w。采用荧光定量PCR法测试比目鱼肌组织CS-2、NAD+-IDH3α、DLST-2mRNA表达水平。结果:1)常氧训练组第1、3周CS-2mRNA相对表达量较第2周显著升高(P<0.05),低氧安静组第3周较第1周显著降低(P<0.05)。第3周时低氧安静组、低氧训练组较常氧训练组显著降低(P<0.01或P<0.05)。2)常氧训练组、低氧安静组第2、3、4周NAD+-IDH3αmRNA相对表达量较0周显著升高(P<0.01或P<0.05),低氧训练组第1、2、4周较0周显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第1周时低氧安静组、低氧训练组较常氧训练组显著升高(P<0.01);第4周时低氧训练组较常氧训练组、低氧安静组显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)常氧训练组第2、3、4周DLST-2mRNA相对表达量较0、1周显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),低氧安静组、低氧训练组第1、2、3、4周较0周显著降低(P<0.01);第1、3周时低氧安静组、低氧训练组较常氧训练组显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01);第2周时低氧训练组较常氧训练组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:1)4周低氧训练可逆转肥胖大鼠比目鱼肌由于低氧导致的CS-2mRNA表达的下降,以提高机体的有氧代谢能力。2)4周低氧训练上调肥胖大鼠比目鱼肌NAD+-IDH3αmRNA表达的作用强于常氧训练和低氧安静,可在一定程度上提高机体的有氧代谢能力。3)4周低氧训练、常氧训练和低氧安静均下调肥胖大鼠比目鱼肌DLST-2mRNA表达,可能在一定程度上影响机体的有氧代谢能力。 相似文献
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Golf requires proper dynamic balance to accurately control the club head through a harmonious coordination of each human segment and joint. In this study, we evaluated the ability for dynamic balance during a golf swing by using the centre of mass (COM)–centre of pressure (COP) inclination variables. Twelve professional, 13 amateur and 10 novice golfers participated in this study. Six infrared cameras, two force platforms and SB-Clinic software were used to measure the net COM and COP trajectories. In order to evaluate dynamic balance ability, the COM–COP inclination angle, COM–COP inclination angular velocity and normalised COM–COP inclination angular jerk were used. Professional golfer group revealed a smaller COM–COP inclination angle and angular velocity than novice golfer group in the lead/trail direction (P < 0.01). In the normalised COM–COP inclination angular jerk, the professional golfer group showed a lower value than the other two groups in all directions. Professional golfers tend to exhibit improved dynamic balance, and this can be attributed to the neuromusculoskeletal system that maintains balance with proper postural control. This study has the potential to allow for an evaluation of the dynamic balance mechanism and will provide useful basic information for swing training and prevention of golf injuries. 相似文献
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Understanding of the inter-joint coordination between rotational movement of each hip and trunk in golf would provide basic knowledge regarding how the neuromuscular system organises the related joints to perform a successful swing motion. In this study, we evaluated the inter-joint coordination characteristics between rotational movement of the hips and trunk during golf downswings. Twenty-one right-handed male professional golfers were recruited for this study. Infrared cameras were installed to capture the swing motion. The axial rotation angle, angular velocity and inter-joint coordination were calculated by the Euler angle, numerical difference method and continuous relative phase, respectively. A more typical inter-joint coordination demonstrated in the leading hip/trunk than trailing hip/trunk. Three coordination characteristics of the leading hip/trunk reported a significant relationship with clubhead speed at impact (r < ?0.5) in male professional golfers. The increased rotation difference between the leading hip and trunk in the overall downswing phase as well as the faster rotation of the leading hip compared to that of the trunk in the early downswing play important roles in increasing clubhead speed. These novel inter-joint coordination strategies have the great potential to use a biomechanical guideline to improve the golf swing performance of unskilled golfers. 相似文献
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Biomechanical understanding of the knee joint during a golf swing is essential to improve performance and prevent injury. In this study, we quantified the flexion/extension angle and moment as the primary knee movement, and evaluated quasi-stiffness represented by moment–angle coupling in the knee joint. Eighteen skilled and 23 unskilled golfers participated in this study. Six infrared cameras and two force platforms were used to record a swing motion. The anatomical angle and moment were calculated from kinematic and kinetic models, and quasi-stiffness of the knee joint was determined as an instantaneous slope of moment–angle curves. The lead knee of the skilled group had decreased resistance duration compared with the unskilled group (P < 0.05), and the resistance duration of the lead knee was lower than that of the trail knee in the skilled group (P < 0.01). The lead knee of the skilled golfers had greater flexible excursion duration than the trail knee of the skilled golfers, and of both the lead and trail knees of the unskilled golfers. These results provide critical information for preventing knee injuries during a golf swing and developing rehabilitation strategies following surgery. 相似文献
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R. Barry Dale Jason Brumitt 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(2):198-206
The purpose of this study was to compare kinetic, kinematic, and performance variables associated with full and shortened modern backswings in a skilled group of modern swing (one-plane) golfers. Shortening the modern golf backswing is proposed to reduce vertebral spine stress, but supporting evidence is lacking and performance implications are unknown. Thirteen male golfers performed ten swings of each swing type using their own 7-iron club. Biomechanical-dependent variables included the X-Factor kinematic data and spine kinetics. Performance-related dependent variables included club head velocity (CHV), shot distance, and accuracy (distance from the target line). Data were analysed with repeated measures ANOVA with an a priori alpha of 0.05 (SPSS 22.0, IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). We found significant reductions for the X-Factor (p < 0.05) between the full and shortened swings. The shortened swing condition ameliorated vertebral compression force from 7.6 ± 1.4 to 7.0 ± 1.7 N (normalised to body weight, p = 0.01) and significantly reduced CHV (p < 0.05) by ~2 m/s with concomitant shot distance diminution by ~10 m (p < 0.05). Further research is necessary to examine the applicability of a shortened swing for golfers with low back pain. 相似文献
15.
Keogh JW Hume PA 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(2):288-309
The aim of this review was to determine how the findings of biomechanics and motor control/learning research may be used to improve golf performance. To be eligible, the biomechanics and motor learning studies had to use direct (ball displacement and shot accuracy) or indirect (clubhead velocity and clubface angle) golf performance outcome measures. Biomechanical studies suggested that reducing the radius path of the hands during the downswing, increasing wrist torque and/or range of motion, delaying wrist motion to late in the downswing, increasing downswing amplitude, improving sequential acceleration of body parts, improving weight transfer, and utilising X-factor stretch and physical conditioning programmes can improve clubhead velocity. Motor learning studies suggested that golf performance improved more when golfers focused on swing outcome or clubhead movement rather than specific body movements. A distributed practice approach involving multiple sessions per week of blocked, errorless practice may be best for improving putting accuracy of novice golfers, although variable practice may be better for skilled golfers. Video, verbal, or a combination of video and verbal feedback can increase mid-short iron distance in novice to mid-handicap (hcp) golfers. Coaches should not only continue to critique swing technique but also consider how the focus, structure, and types of feedback for practice may alter learning for different groups of golfers. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The golf swing has been modelled as a planar movement, but recent findings suggest that the upper limbs and golf club do not move in a single plane. However, the idea that the club alone can be swung in a single inclined plane has not been investigated mathematically. The aims of this study were to determine whether a single plane could be fitted to club motion, and if this plane varied for different clubs. Ten golfers (handicap 1 – 5) performed repeated, consistent swings with three clubs (driver, 5-iron, and pitching wedge). The motion of each club during the downswing was fitted to a single plane. The fit of the plane varied between golfers and clubs (r 2 = 0.871 – 0.995, root mean square residual = 44.9 – 166.2 mm). Mean angles of the plane to the reference horizontal Z axis (driver: 125.5°, s = 3.0; 5-iron: 117.1°, s = 3.0; wedge: 113.6°, s = 2.7) and target line axis (driver: ?7.8°, s = 5.9; 5-iron: ?4.9°, s = 5.7; wedge: ?5.9°, s = 6.0) were significantly (P < 0.05) different. Further analysis revealed a single plane was more appropriate for some participants than others, but that it might be neither desirable nor possible in some cases. 相似文献
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Marius Sommer Charlotte Häger Louise Rönnqvist 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(1):1-16
The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible effects of synchronized metronome training (SMT) on movement dynamics during golf-swing performance, as captured by kinematic analysis. A one-group, between-test design was applied on 13 male golfers (27.5 ± 4.6 years old, 12.7 ± 4.9 handicap) who completed 12 sessions of SMT over a four-week period. Pre- and post-assessments of golf swings with three different clubs (4-iron, 7-iron, and pitching wedge) were performed using a three-dimensional motion capture system. Club velocity at three different swing phases (backswing, downswing, and follow-through) was measured and cross-correlation analysis of time-series signals were made on joint couplings (wrist–elbow–shoulder) of both arms, and between joints and the club, during the full golf swing. There were significantly higher cross-correlations between joint-couplings and concomitant changes of the associated phase-shift differences, as well as reduced phase-shift variability at post-test. No significant effect of SMT was found for the club velocities. We suggest that domain-general influences of SMT on the underlying brain-based motor control strategies lead to a more coordinated movement pattern of the golf-swing performance, which may explain previous observations of significantly improved golf-shot accuracy and decreased variability after SMT. 相似文献
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Sean A. Horan Kerrie Evans Norman R. Morris Justin J. Kavanagh 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):810-816
AbstractGiven that males and females respond differently to endurance-based tasks, prolonged putting practice may provide an avenue to examine gender-related differences in golf swing kinematics. The aim of this project was to determine if 40 min of putting affects thorax and pelvis kinematics during the full swing of males and females. Three-dimensional trunk kinematics were collected during the swings of 19 male (age: 26 ± 7 years, handicap: 0.6 ± 1.1) and 17 female (age: 24 ± 7 years, handicap: 1.4 ± 1.7) golfers before and after 40 min of putting. Angular displacement at address, top of backswing and ball contact for the pelvis, thorax, and pelvis–thorax interaction were calculated, in addition to the magnitude of peak angular velocity and repeatability of continuous segment angular velocities. Female golfers had less pelvis and thorax anterior–posterior tilt at address, less thorax and thorax–pelvis axial rotation at top of backswing, and less pelvis and thorax axial rotation and pelvis lateral tilt at ball contact pre- to post-putting. Analysis of peak angular velocities revealed that females had significantly lower thorax–pelvis lateral tilt velocity pre- to post-putting. In conclusion, an endurance-based putting intervention affects females’ thorax and pelvis orientation angles and velocities to a greater extent than males. 相似文献
19.
Wrist movements have been identified as an important factor in producing a successful golf swing, with their complex motion influencing both club head velocity and orientation. However, a detailed analysis of wrist angles is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine kinematics across wrists and club head characteristics during the golf swing under weak, neutral and strong grip conditions. Twelve professional male golfers executed 24 shots using a driver under three grip conditions. A six degrees of freedom analysis of the hand with respect to the distal forearm was performed using a 10-camera three-dimensional motion capture system. Differences in joint angles were explored using repeated measures ANOVAs at key swing events (onset, top of backswing and impact), in addition club head velocity and clubface angle at impact were also explored. Main findings revealed significant differences in flexion/extension and internal/external rotation for both wrists at all swing events, whereas fewer significant interactions were found in ulnar/radial deviation across grips for both wrists at all events. Clubface angle only differed significantly between the weak and the strong and neural grips, presenting a more ‘open’ clubface to the intended hitting direction. This study is the first to explore tri-planar wrist movement and the effect of different grips, such analysis has implications for coaching knowledge and practice and should inform future research into different aspects of skill, technique analysis and may inform injury mechanisms/prevention. 相似文献
20.
Although the golf coaching literature stresses the importance of weight transfer during the swing, research has been conflicting or lacking statistical support. A potential problem with previous studies is that no attempt was made to account for different movement strategies in the golf swing. This study evaluated the relationship between centre of pressure measures and club head velocity within two previously identified swing styles, the "Front Foot" and "Reverse" styles. Thirty-nine Front Foot golfers and 19 Reverse golfers performed swings with a driver while standing on two force plates. From the force plate data, centre of pressure displacement, velocity, range, and timing parameters were calculated. Correlation and regression analysis indicated that a larger range of centre of pressure and a more rapid centre of pressure movement in the downswing was associated with a larger club head velocity at ball contact for the Front Foot group. For the Reverse golfers, positioning the centre of pressure further from the back foot at late backswing and a more rapid centre of pressure transfer towards the back foot at ball contact was associated with a larger club head velocity at ball contact. This study has highlighted the importance of identifying different movement strategies before evaluating performance measures, as different parameters were found to be important for the Front Foot and Reverse styles. 相似文献