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1.
Masahiro Yamamoto 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):820-837
A community structure model is grounded in the structural model of mass media originally formulated by the Minnesota team of Tichenor, Donohue, and Olien. Although recent theoretical and empirical work has led to major refinements of the community structure research, there remain substantive and promising issues that deserve to be examined by mass communication scholars. This article recasts the original structural model by integrating a community-oriented approach to social control and formulates a set of hypotheses with regard to the role of local mass media in community social control. 相似文献
2.
Leo Jeffres Edward Horowitz Cheryl C. Bracken Guowei Jian Kimberly A. Neuendorf Sukki Yoon 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):787-815
Several long-standing theories intersect in discussing the impact of community characteristics and of the mass media. The structural pluralism model popularized by Tichenor and his colleagues says that social structure influences how mass media operate in communities because they respond to how power is distributed in the social system, whereas the linear model says that the increasing size of a community's population leads to more social differentiation and diversity and corresponding increases in subcultures with their own beliefs, customs, and behaviors. Recently, there has been a concern about how changes in society have led to a decline in organizational activity and the network of relationships and trust that constitute “social capital.” This article examines the impact of population and diversity (using census data) on individuals’ media use, interpersonal discussion and civic engagement (measured in a national survey), and the relationship among these variables. Analysis of a structural model provides evidence that the “linear hypothesis” can be combined with structural pluralism, with size—measured by population—impacting diversity, which influences the relationships that people have with their community. Concurrently, social categories influence people's communication patterns and community relationships, and communication impacts civic engagement. 相似文献
3.
This article critically reviews scholarship on structural pluralism (Tichenor, Donohue, & Olien, 1973, 1980) in journalism and media studies. Relying partly on a concept explication and theory construction process (McLeod & Pan, 2004), the article explicates structural pluralism as a multifaceted concept with multiple dimensions and indicators. While reviewing relationships or hypotheses between structural pluralism and various outcomes, the article then discusses and proposes issues and agendas for future studies. 相似文献
4.
Theodore A. Avtgis Matthew M. Martin Kelly A. Rocca 《Communication Research Reports》2013,30(4):407-414
Social support is an important factor in peoples' physical and psychological well‐being. Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason (1991) identified three social support styles: relationship support, relationship conflict, and interpersonal depth. This study was interested in the relationship between these three styles with perceived understanding in the brother‐brother relationship. Ninety‐six sets of brothers completed a questionnaire reporting on the styles they use with their brothers and their feelings of being understood. Results showed overall positive relationships between the styles of relationship support and interpersonal depth with perceived understanding. The style of relationship conflict was negatively related to perceived understanding. Additionally, brothers reported using similar support styles with one another. 相似文献
5.
《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(4):447-460
This study examines how news producers determine content that particularly interests women readers, along with how community- and organizational-level factors may influence those depictions. A Web survey of 145 newspaper editors and reporters found that newspapers that focus on enterprise reporting also subscribe to the importance of content for women, as do newspapers with editors who believe that women's topics are important to readers. Implications for the findings are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Michael McCluskey Susan E. Stein Michael P. Boyle Douglas M. McLeod 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(3):353-371
Research on news coverage of social protest has yielded evidence of a “protest paradigm,” a framework of common news attributes that contribute to the marginalizing of protesters as social deviants. Analysis here investigates whether adherence to the protest paradigm varies by structural characteristics of the communities in which news organizations originate. More specifically, news organizations in less pluralistic communities may exhibit lower tolerance for social conflict than news organizations in more pluralistic communities. This research compares newspaper coverage of social protest from communities with varied levels of pluralism. Results showed that newspapers in less pluralistic communities were more critical of protesters when local government was the target and were less likely to quote protesters in stories. Further, newspapers in less pluralistic communities were more critical of protesters when stories were on the front page than those appearing elsewhere in the newspaper. Implications for understanding the protest paradigm and influences of community structure on news coverage patterns were explored. 相似文献
7.
The community structural pluralism model represents the earliest and most enduring research program to conceptualize media effects within a community context. The model, which has intellectual roots in social theory concerned with the impact of population size and density on human interaction, is relevant to the resurgence of interest in multilevel analysis in media research, particularly research regarding the media effects on indicators of social capital such as social trust. The present study uses multilevel modeling to test the linear development model (Berry & Kasarda, 1977) which predicts that community structural pluralism would be negatively associated with individual-level social trust, even while controlling for individual-level predictors including media use and length of residence. Using survey data from 21 communities included in the 2001 Social Capital Community Benchmark Study, the analysis includes a rigorous test of the community structural pluralism model by determining whether the relationship between media use and social trust varies across communities. In support of the linear development model, community structural pluralism was negatively associated with social trust even while controlling for individual-level predictors. Additional findings that challenge traditional assumptions about the role of social trust in political participation are discussed. 相似文献
8.
在当前报业激烈竞争的环境下,竞争结果往往是对报业及文化多样性的损害。欧洲报业却通过以下方式努力保持报业及文化的多样性:社会政策法规鼓励出版自由和表达自由,对垄断和媒介集中有相应的规范;VAT控制模式通过影响报纸的成本而促进报业的多种类存在;报纸资助制度则由国家对报纸进行资助,以保存传统文化及报纸种类的多元化。 相似文献
9.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(1):62-81
Court reporting is a regular feature of German daily newspapers and is widely read by a third of German newspaper readers. However, only a modest number of the daily trials find their way into the press. The aim of the present study is to identify the process and criteria for selecting local court cases for press coverage. The study is based on four Dresden daily newspapers whose reporting is examined initially by means of content analysis. The results signal a focus on criminal, rather than civil, law matters as well as trials conducted in the place of publication. A second element of the research involved observation of the selection of criminal law matters at Dresden county court by reporters of the four newspapers. It was possible to identify a multi-step selection process as a result of which only a fraction of the trials were reported. Thirdly, selection factors were identified using guided interviews with court reporters and their editors. Significant factors steering selection included the seriousness of the deed, the editorial requirement for diversity of reporting, the degree to which the readers are directly affected by the event, the prominence of the participants as well as the possibility for simple presentation and illustration. 相似文献
10.
This study seeks to understand how community newspaper editors negotiate the professional complexities posed by citizen journalism—a phenomenon that, even in the abstract, would appear to undermine their gatekeeping control over content. Through interviews with 29 newspaper editors in Texas, we find that some editors either favor or disfavor the use of citizen journalism primarily on philosophical grounds, while others favor or disfavor its use mainly on practical grounds. This paper presents a mapping of these philosophical-versus-practical concerns as a model for visualizing the conflicting impulses at the heart of a larger professional debate over the place and purpose of user-generated content in the news production process. Moreover, these findings are viewed in light of gatekeeping, which, we argue, offers a welcome point of entry for the study of participatory media work as it evolves at news organizations large and small alike. In contributing to a growing body of literature on user-generated content in news contexts, this study points to the need for better understanding the causes and consequences of journalism's hyperlocal turn, as digitization enables newswork to serve increasingly niche geographic and virtual communities. 相似文献
11.
This study examines influences on the degree to which news organizations attend to everyday readers through online feedback, or conversely via advertising and marketing data. Factors at the community level, the market level, and the organizational level are examined as predictors of editors’ exposure and attention to audiences. Results of a national survey indicate that most editors tend to pay attention to both online reader feedback and marketing data. Factors at the organizational level, such as organizational size and public ownership, were more influential than community-level factors in explaining level of attention. Community structural pluralism was not a strong predictor of attention to feedback via marketing data or online. These findings suggest a business motive in editors’ communication and reinforce previous research pointing to the importance of organizational and peer-level factors in shaping journalists’ response to audiences. 相似文献
12.
Maggie Farrell 《图书馆管理杂志》2013,53(6):722-730
ABSTRACTLeaders have tremendous influence not only in their organizations but for the profession and within the communities they serve. Librarianship has strong core values that are the foundation of our services but librarians also create an environment that supports diversity of opinions. How does a library leader balance social justice while serving the broad needs of a community? Is there an inherent conflict between personal perspectives and the encompassing multiple viewpoints? Library leaders may face difficult decisions in determining social justice issues within their libraries considering personal beliefs, institutional responsibilities, and community impacts. Every library leader has opportunities to address social justice issues within libraries and in so doing, will advance community goals of inclusiveness of all members. 相似文献
13.
The central concern of this paper is to address the question, “Is it more dangerous to be a woman journalist when reporting conflict”. Beck states “risk is the anticipation of the catastrophe—so it is existent and non-existent”. Is the contention that female journalists are more at risk, knowledge, or a construction of knowledge? Are editors and journalists who decide that women are more at risk merely anticipating a catastrophe? There is no certainty, of course, that women are more at risk, but the fear that they might be can prevent them from being sent to cover conflict, or force them to decide not to go to dangerous places. Certainly, an improvised explosive device or rocket fire does not distinguish between sexes. In many situations being female actually helps women journalist in conflict zones. In this paper we present findings from a survey of journalists who work in conflict zones and ask whether it is the job or the gender which is the most dangerous? 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(1):123-125
The competition and conflict existing between newspapers and radio is one of the organizing images of Pre‐World War II journalism in America. Although there was some animosity, competition and conflict between these media, this study argues that the metaphor of “war”; overstates and distorts the early as well as on‐going approach the managers of these media took toward each other. Examination of the minutes, proceedings, and publications of the American Society of Newspaper Editors, as well as secondary sources, indicates that editors followed a much more consensual and cooperative model, rather than one characterized by conflict Rather than being adversarial, the documents of ASNE indicate that the editors were trying to achieve shared economic objectives with the competitive medium of radio. 相似文献
15.
Christina C. Smith 《Journalism Practice》2019,13(5):524-536
Existing literature on community journalism suggests it is worthwhile to theoretically and conceptually examine journalists in small towns. These reporters and editors always wear multiple hats, including news worker, community member, and booster. Therefore, drawing on newsroom observations and interviews, and applying the interpretive lenses of sociology and identity theory, this study examines the self-perceived identities of weekly newspaper news workers, and how those identities influence their news production. Findings across three organizations show that for these journalists, professional identity is intertwined with personal identity as a church member or baseball coach. Simply put, these journalists see themselves as members of the community that their newspaper covers. Their interactions with friends and neighbors are also interactions with sources – and with advertisers. This sense of personal connection further serves as a key motivation to produce meaningful news for their communities, which the author suggests has served as a safeguard to declines in readership for many small-town weekly newspapers. 相似文献
16.
《The Reference Librarian》2013,54(21):15-29
Small public libraries with few professional and support staff often exist in areas distant from urban libraries. If their communities do not have an effective Information and Referral (I & R) system, the library director may consider seeking a State Library grant to establish an I & R service in the community. Clear-cut goals and objectives, an awareness of the need for coordination and cooperation with other agencies, are all essential to a successful grant application. This article describes the outcome of a grant which made possible The Bridge, an I & R service for a county of 50,000 people. Evaluation after a year of operation shows that the essential goal of establishing and operating such a service has been reached. Suggestions for improvement are noted. 相似文献
17.
Wilson Lowrey 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(5):639-660
Drawing on perspectives on occupation and identity, this study examines Russian regional journalists' perceptions of their professional community. Different journalistic values derived from a fierce professional competition contributed to reporters' view of the community as disjointed and polarized. The study also found that type of ownership influenced journalists' identity and the way they conceptualize practice. Although journalists of private newspapers believe a newspaper should be a profit-generating enterprise, state owned/supported newspapers' reporters think a quality paper should inform citizens regardless of profit concern. In this province, state-owned or supported newspapers have well-defined missions, whereas the paper that struggles to survive as privately owned lacks clearly articulated goals. 相似文献
18.
《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(3):241-262
This study articulates a theory of media use that, with the proliferation and diversification of the mass media, conceptualizes news coverage as a commodity or product. From marketing to mass communication, we extend a conceptual framework of product purchase, articulating 4 determinants of attitude toward newspaper (AN), which, in turn, influences newspaper readership. Determinants of AN are news credibility, attitude toward diversity aspects of journalism, attitude toward financial aspects of journalism, and individual differences. The study, using a well-fitting structural equation model, demonstrates the role that each of these measures plays in predicting media use and, furthermore, validates the applicability of the marketplace theory of media use. The model was tested with data from a telephone survey of 803 adults in a large California urban center. 相似文献
19.
《Journalism Practice》2013,7(5):588-603
Hyperlocal journalism is thriving. This article describes the case of a Belgian regional newspaper experimenting with citizen journalism and user-generated content (UGC) for hyperlocal news coverage. For each municipality of the region, an online news page has been created where all citizen contributions are published side by side with professional stories on local community news and events. The fact that the UGC is not separated from the professional articles makes it an interesting case to examine commonalities and differences between both types of community reporting. The findings, based on a content analysis of 474 news items, suggest that the newspaper seems to use citizen volunteers primarily as a means to outsource the “soft”, “good” and “small” news coverage of local community life, while preserving the “hard” and “bad” news provision as the exclusive domain of professional journalists. Further, the study's findings support previous research indicating that (1) local community journalism is characterised by a mix of crime reporting and news coverage of fires and accidents, on the one hand, and positive human-interest stories about social club activities, cultural events, health and sports, and school life, on the other; and that (2) citizen journalists tend to rely heavily on first-hand witnessing and personal experience due to a general lack of access to official sources of information. 相似文献
20.
Andrew Shouse Bruce V. Lewenstein Michael Feder Philip Bell 《Curator: The Museum Journal》2010,53(2):137-154
Abstract In this article, the editors of the recent National Research Council report Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits discuss the report’s implications for museum professionals. The report is a synthesis of some 2,000 studies and evaluations of learning in non‐school settings such as museums. Here we focus on three specific topics discussed in the full report, which we see as particularly important for museum professionals. These are: a framework for developing and studying science learning experiences; cultural diversity as an integral resource for learning; and assessment of learning. Many museums include “learning” among their goals and many researchers concern themselves with how museums and other settings can be organized to support learning. Yet this wealth of research is rarely brought into focus and offered as guidance to the museum community. 相似文献