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1.
The interpersonal cognitive problem-solving (ICPS) skills (i.e., means-ends thinking, identified obstacles, alternative solutions, consequential thinking) of 150 families (father, mother, and child 6-11 years old) were assessed via written tests and problem-solving behavioral performance. The interrelationships of ICPS written and behavioral problem-solving skills were examined, as were the relationships of each of these measures of problem solving to both parent and teacher indices of child adjustment. IQ, as measured by the age-appropriate Wechsler scale, was partialed out. Results indicated some ecological validity of written alternatives and consequential tests for children and means-ends tests for parents. Neither parents' nor children's written ICPS scores nor problem-solving behavior were systematically related to either teacher or parent ratings of child adjustment. However, a behavioral index of parental facilitation of child problem solving was significantly related to all problem-solving behaviors and some written ICPS measures. Results are discussed in terms of the role of ICPS skills in child adjustment, the potential limits of ICPS measures in therapy outcome, and the manner in which children learn interpersonal cognitive problem solving. 相似文献
2.
Examining problem-solving skills in technology-rich environments as related to numeracy and literacy
Feiya Xiao Lucy Barnard-Brak William Lan Hansel Burley 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2013,32(3):327-338
ABSTRACTThis study sought to a better understanding of the construct of problem solving in technology-rich environments and the effect of literacy and numeracy on problem solving. Data used in this study were drawn from Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies US data which includes 5010 completed cases and a total of 1326 variables. The assessment of literacy, numeracy and problem-solving competencies were administrated using computer-based approaches. The result of the study showed that adults with higher numeracy and literacy competencies were more likely to have higher level of problem-solving skills. The results of the analyses also revealed that solution latency (i.e. time) were an important factor influencing problem-solving skills. This study indicates that basic mathematical skills are essential for solving problems that require interpersonal communication, computer and software knowledge, planning, and organising. The findings from this study provide several implications for researchers, educators, teachers and policymakers. 相似文献
3.
The purpose of this article is to identify factors that might influence the effectiveness of computer software designed to
teach problem solving. Problem solving is defined and the research literature related to the acquisition of problem-solving
abilities and the capabilities of computers for delivering problem-solving instruction are reviewed. The factors critical
to the acquisition of problem-solving abilities and the attributes of computers that make them potential tools in problem-solving
instruction are identified. These items are synthesized into a list of factors that are expected to influence the effectiveness
of computer software designed to teach problem solving. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT Problem solving is perhaps the key characteristic that makes us human. Given the kinds of problems that we face in a competitive economy and society, the new generation of learners is ever more required to have problem-solving abilities. By drawing from the literature on technological pedagogical content knowledge, design thinking, general and specific methods of problem solving, and role of technologies for solving problems, this article highlights the importance of problem solving for future teachers and discusses strategies that can help them become good problem solvers and understand the requirements of teaching their students problem solving in technology-rich contexts. This article consists of two main parts. Part 1 focuses on strategies required to help preservice teachers to be better problem solvers, and Part 2 summarizes approaches to introduce preservice teachers to the methods of teaching problem solving. The strategies reviewed provide a tangible guidance for teacher education programs regarding how to promote future teachers’ problem-solving skills. 相似文献
5.
Problem solving abilities are critical components of contemporary Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education. Research in the area of problem solving has uncovered much about the representation, processes and heuristic approaches to problem solving. However, critics claim this overemphasis on the process of solving problems has led to a dearth in understanding of the earlier stages such as problem conceptualization. This paper aims to address some of these concerns by exploring the area of problem conceptualization and the underlying cognitive mechanisms that may play a supporting role in reasoning success. Participants (N?=?12) were prescribed a series of convergent problem-solving tasks representative of those used for developmental purposes in STEM education. During the problem-solving episodes, cognitive data were gathered by means of an electroencephalographic headset and used to investigate students’ cognitive approaches to conceptualizing the tasks. In addition, interpretive qualitative data in the form of post-task interviews and problem solutions were collected and analyzed. Overall findings indicated a significant reliance on memory during the conceptualization of the convergent problem-solving tasks. In addition, visuospatial cognitive processes were found to support the conceptualization of convergent problem-solving tasks. Visuospatial cognitive processes facilitated students during the conceptualization of convergent problems by allowing access to differential semantic content in long-term memory.
相似文献6.
Mathematical problem-solving profiles of students with mathematics disabilities with and without comorbid reading disabilities 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical problem-solving profiles of students with mathematics disabilities (MD) with and without comorbid reading disabilities (RD). The disability status of fourth-grade students was verified through testing (n = 18 MD; n = 22 MD + RD). Then a hierarchy of mathematics problem-solving tasks was administered. The results demonstrated large deficits for both groups; however, the differences between students with MD and those with MD + RD were mediated by the level of problem solving (arithmetic story problems vs. complex story problems vs. real-world problem solving) and by performance dimension (operations vs. problem solving). On arithmetic story problems, the differences between the disability subtypes were similar for operations and problem solving. By contrast, on complex story problems and real-world problem solving, the differences between the subtypes were larger for problem solving than for operations. 相似文献
7.
Roza Leikin 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2003,6(4):297-329
The aim of the study presented in this paper was to explore factors that influence teachers' problem-solving preferences in the process of (a) solving a problem, (b) explaining it to a peer, (c) liking it, and (d) teaching it. About 170 mathematics teachers took part in the different stages of the study. A special mathematical activity was designed to examine factors that influence teachers' problem-solving preferences and to develop teachers' preferences concerning whether to use symmetry when solving the problems. It was implemented and explored in an in-service program for professional development of high-school mathematics teachers. As a result, three interrelated factors that influence teachers' problem-solving preferences were identified: (i) Two patterns in teachers' problem-solving behavior, i.e., teachers' tendency to apply a stereotypical solution to a problem and teachers' tendency to act according to problem-solving beliefs, (ii) the way in which teachers characterize a problem-solving strategy, (iii) teachers' familiarity with a particular problem-solving strategy and a mathematical topic to which the problem belongs. Findings were related to teachers' developing thinking in solving problems and using them with their students. The activity examined in this paper may serve as a model for professional development of mathematic teachers and be useful for different professional development programs. 相似文献
8.
Toward a design theory of problem solving 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
Problem solving is generally regarded as the most important cognitive activity in everyday and professional contexts. Most
people are required to and rewarded for solving problems. However, learning to solve problems is too seldom required in formal
educational settings, in part, because our understanding of its processes is limited. Instructional-design research and theory
has devoted too little attention to the study of problem-solving processes. In this article, I describe differences among
problems in terms of their structuredness, domain specificity (abstractness), and complexity. Then, I briefly describe a variety
of individual differences (factors internal to the problem solver) that affect problem solving. Finally, I articulate a typology
of problems, each type of which engages different cognitive, affective, and conative processes and therefore necessitates
different instructional support. The purpose of this paper is to propose a metatheory of problem solving in order to initiate
dialogue and research rather than offering a definitive answer regarding its processes.
This paper represents an effort to introduce issues and concerns related to problem solving to the instructional design community.
I do not presume that the community is ignorant of problem solving or its literature, only that too little effort has been
expended by the field in articulating design models for problem solving. There are many reasons for that state of affairs.
The curse of any introductory paper is the lack of depth in the treatment of these issues. To explicate each of the issues
raised in this paper would require a book (which is forthcoming), which makes it unpublishable in a journal. My purpose here
is to introduce these issues in order to stimulate discussion, research, and development of problem-solving instruction that
will help us to articulate better design models. 相似文献
9.
Both science and technology education have a commitment to teaching process; investigations or scientific method in science,
design in technology, and problem solving in both areas. The separate debates in science and technology education reveal different
curricular emphases in processes and content, reflecting different goals, and pedagogic and educational research traditions.
This paper explores these differences and argues that each curriculum area can learn from the other. Despite the interest
in processes, problem solving remains neglected in each area, particularly with respect to empirical accounts of student problem-solving
activities and the supporting pedagogy. This paper draws on the situated learning and social constructivist literature to
provide insights into problem solving in technology education. The research reported here, gives accounts of the problem-solving
strategies of English secondary school students. These strategies represent their responses to technology activities and the
learning environment created by teachers. 相似文献
10.
Asha K. Jitendra Amy E. Lein Jon R. Star Danielle N. Dupuis 《Educational Research and Evaluation》2013,19(8):700-716
This study explored the extent to which domain-specific knowledge predicted proportional word problem-solving performance. We tested 411 seventh-grade students on conceptual and procedural fraction knowledge, conceptual and procedural proportion knowledge, and proportional word problem solving. Multiple regression analyses indicated that all four domain-specific knowledge variables (i.e., conceptual and procedural fraction knowledge, conceptual and procedural proportion knowledge) significantly predicted proportional word problem-solving performance. Conceptual fraction and procedural proportion knowledge contributed the most unique variance (10.0 and 6.7%, respectively, of the total variance) to proportional word problem solving. Procedural fraction and conceptual proportion knowledge each also contributed significant unique variance to proportional word problem solving explaining 5.6 and 2.8%, respectively. The results support the notion that both conceptual fraction and proportion knowledge and procedural fraction and proportion knowledge play a major role in understanding individual differences in proportional word problem-solving performance to inform interventions. 相似文献
11.
Effective family problem solving was studied in 97 families of elementary-school-aged children, with 2 definite-solution tasks--tower building (TWB) and 20 questions (TQ), and 1 indefinite-solution task--plan-something-together (PST). Incentive (for cooperation or competition) and task independence (members worked solo or jointly) were manipulated during TWB and TQ, yielding 4 counterbalanced conditions per task per family. On TQ, solo performance exceeded joint performance; on TWB, competition impaired joint performance. Families effective at problem solving in all conditions of both definite-solution tasks tried more problem-solving strategies during TWB and deliberated longer and reached more satisfactory agreements during PST. Family problem-solving effectiveness was moderately predicted by 2 parents' participation in the study. Parental education, parental occupational prestige, and membership in the family of an academically and socially competent child were weaker predictors. The results indicate that definitions of effective family problem solving that are based on directly observed measures of group interaction are more valid than definitions that rely primarily on family characteristics. 相似文献
12.
Low mathematics achievement is a persistent problem in the United States, and multiplication is a fundamental area in which many students manifest learning difficulties. This study examined the strategic developmental levels of multiplication problem solving among 121 elementary school students in Grades 3 through 5. A latent class analysis modeling was used to identify three valid groups representing different patterns of strategy choices for each of three types of multiplication problems. Findings indicated intra-group variability for problem-solving accuracy, for frequency of using different strategies, and for accuracy of executing direct retrieval/algorithm (DR/AG) strategies. Students demonstrated relative consistency in their strategy choices for solving the three problem types. Students who used DR/AG strategies most frequently showed the highest problem-solving accuracy and the highest accuracy of executing the DR/AG strategies. Students who most frequently relied on incorrect operations or who indicated they did not know how to solve problems demonstrated the lowest problem-solving accuracy among the three groups; the number of students in this group increased with problem difficulty levels. Implications are discussed in terms of identifying students' strategic developmental levels and providing differentiated instruction based on the identified levels. 相似文献
13.
解决复杂情境中的问题是21世纪人才应具备的重要能力。翻转课堂作为一种聚焦问题解决的学习模式离不开有效的问题支架,但应用何种类型的问题支架以及如何应用问题支架仍有待进一步研究。在此背景下,通过文献述评、课堂观察、案例分析,借鉴问题支架认知分类观以及问题解决过程四阶段观点,构建了面向翻转课堂的课前“过程提示—细化提示—反思提示”问题支架、课中“问题表征—方案制订—方案分析—监控评价”问题支架以及课后混合的问题支架应用框架,并在小学三年级的信息技术课堂中开展准实验研究,分别从学习成绩、问题解决能力、学习态度三个方面进行了效果检验。结果显示:相对于控制组,实验组学生在学习成绩和问题解决能力表现方面较为优异,并且差异显著,实验组学生对使用问题支架持有积极的态度。 相似文献
14.
Blatto-Vallee G Kelly RR Gaustad MG Porter J Fonzi J 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2007,12(4):432-448
This research examined the use of visual-spatial representation by deaf and hearing students while solving mathematical problems. The connection between spatial skills and success in mathematics performance has long been established in the literature. This study examined the distinction between visual-spatial "schematic" representations that encode the spatial relations described in a problem versus visual-spatial "pictorial" representations that encode only the visual appearance of the objects described in a problem. A total of 305 hearing (n = 156) and deaf (n = 149) participants from middle school, high school, and college participated in this study. At all educational levels, the hearing students performed significantly better in solving the mathematical problems compared to their deaf peers. Although the deaf baccalaureate students exhibited the highest performance of all the deaf participants, they only performed as well as the hearing middle school students who were the lowest scoring hearing group. Deaf students remained flat in their performance on the mathematical problem-solving task from middle school through the college associate degree level. The analysis of the students' problem representations showed that the hearing participants utilized visual-spatial schematic representation to a greater extent than did the deaf participants. However, the use of visual-spatial schematic representations was a stronger positive predictor of mathematical problem-solving performance for the deaf students. When deaf students' problem representation focused simply on the visual-spatial pictorial or iconic aspects of the mathematical problems, there was a negative predictive relationship with their problem-solving performance. On two measures of visual-spatial abilities, the hearing students in high school and college performed significantly better than their deaf peers. 相似文献
15.
Bobby Hoffman Matthew T. McCrudden Gregory Schraw Kendall Hartley 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2008,9(4):464-474
This study investigated the influence of informational complexity and working memory capacity on problem-solving efficiency.
We examined two predictions of thesituational efficiency hypothesis, which states that the efficiency of problem solving varies as a function of situational constraints. One prediction is that
informational complexity affects problem-solving efficiency. A second prediction is that working memory capacity affects problem-solving
efficiency. Students completed a working memory task and solved abstract and concrete syllogisms. Participants solved abstract
syllogisms more accurately than concrete syllogisms and spent more time solving abstract syllogisms. Thus participants demonstrated
greater problem-solving efficiency when solving concrete syllogisms. Results indicate that there is a trade-off between problem-solving
accuracy and problem-solving time when information differs with respect to informational complexity, a phenomenon we refer
to as theefficiency paradox. Working memory capacity did not affect accuracy or efficiency. The results support the conclusion that problem-solving efficiency
is situational and a function of the complexity of information. Educational implications and directions for future research
are suggested. 相似文献
16.
Mother-Toddler Problem Solving: Antecedents in Attachment, Home Behavior, and Temperament 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In a widely cited study, Matas, Arend, and Sroufe showed that mother-toddler interaction during problem solving at age 2 years was related to the child's prior attachment security. The current study asked (1) whether an independent laboratory could replicate this attachment finding, and (2) whether problem-solving interactions relate to mother-child interactions observed at home and to child temperament measured at 6, 13, and 24 months. Replicating Matas et al., secure dyads worked more competently, and mothers showed better quality of assistance and supportive presence. Mother-child home interaction also predicted problem solving: positive involvement at home predicted effective, unconflicted problem solving. Negative control at home did not predict problem-solving interaction. Unadaptable temperament was generally related to dependency in problem solving. Several patterns of correlations appeared to be mediated by sex of child, e.g., difficult temperament in boys predicted more effective, unconflicted problem solving, while for girls it predicted more conflict. 相似文献
17.
Dr Kam-Wah Lee 《Research in Science Education》1993,23(1):136-145
A unit on the teaching of problem-solving skills, part of a chemistry inservice course for 25 experienced secondary school
teachers in Singapore, presented two strategies: think-aloud and general problem-solving strategies. The evaluation of the
unit was based on teachers' personal evaluations and their answers to a questionnaire which focussed on their responses and
attitudes towards the teaching and learning of problem solving while using the two strategies.
Specializations: problem solving and teaching and learning of science. 相似文献
18.
19.
Joke H. van Velzen 《The Journal of educational research》2017,110(6):634-641
The solving of reasoning problems in first language (L1) education can produce an understanding of language, and student autonomy in language problem solving, both of which are contemporary goals in senior high school education. The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of senior high school students' knowledge of the language problem-solving process. Fifty-three 11th-grade high school students solved standard, comprehension, and linguistic reasoning problems. Before solving the problems, the participants had filled in open-ended questions inquiring about their knowledge regarding the effectiveness of a chosen problem-solving strategy. Content analysis of the responses indicated four categories and nine subcategories. The implications of the relatively few responses in the category of explicit knowledge of the language problem-solving process are discussed in the light of the changing needs of L1 students. 相似文献
20.
马晓丹 《天津市教科院学报》2021,(1):75-82
在过去的70年里,问题解决一直是我国数学教育领域的研究热点,其成果不仅影响着学生高层次思维的发展,还促进了积极的学习态度。基于问题解决的数学教育研究历程可分为三个阶段:初兴阶段、发展阶段和深化阶段。问题解决在不同阶段的名称反映了不同时期的价值追求。认知结构研究的抽象化、过程模型研究的多元化、策略研究的高度概括以及元认知研究的外显是数学问题解决研究的趋势。展望未来,关注同一情境中的不同结构、同一结构在不同情境间的迁移,为知识、技能向问题解决能力的转化匹配学习条件,加强数学问题解决的表现性评价研究是今后的研究方向。 相似文献