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1.
Sarah M. Coyne Mark Callister Laura A. Stockdale David A. Nelson Brian M. Wells 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(3):360-383
Although the use of profanity has been examined in a number of types of media, to our knowledge profanity has not been examined in adolescent literature. Thus, the frequency and portrayal of profanity was coded in 40 bestselling adolescent novels. Results revealed that some novels did not contain a single instance of profanity, whereas others contained hundreds of often very strong profanity. When profanity was used, characters were likely to be young, rich, attractive, and of pronounced social status. Novels directed at older adolescents contained much more profanity. However, age guidance or content warnings are not found on the books themselves. Discussion is provided regarding the implications of the findings and the appropriateness of including content warnings in adolescent literature. 相似文献
2.
Although effects of violence in video games have been researched extensively, no empirical studies have examined effects of profanity, a form of verbal aggression, in video games. An experiment (N = 321) investigated effects of profanity used by protagonist and antagonist characters in a “first-person shooter” game on players' hostile expectations, accessibility of aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings, and other responses. Profanity used by both protagonist and antagonist characters increased hostile expectations, a direct precursor to aggressive behaviors. Findings suggest that profanity in video games may affect aggressive outcomes, emphasizing the need for more research investigating effects of profanity in media. 相似文献
3.
This investigation of offensive language on prime-time broadcast and cable programs found that 9 out of 10 programs contained at least one incident of profanity, and viewers were exposed to 12.58 cuss words per hour in 2005. Viewers of broadcast programs were exposed to slightly less than 10 objectionable words per-hour compared to 15 words-per-hour on cable programs. 相似文献
4.
W. C. Craig 《Communication Studies》2013,64(1):39-42
The purpose of the study was to investigate the dimensions of profane language use in a college student sample. Two hundred and eighty‐three responses to a questionnaire on personal use of “sexual vernacular” were submitted to factor analysis. Results of the factor analysis yielded five dimensions of profane language based upon predispositions to use such words. 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Radio & Audio Media》2013,20(2):181-199
A content analysis examined offensive language spoken on popular morning radio programs on the five highest-rated radio stations offering live-streaming audio over the Internet in the top 10 US markets. While concerns over indecency have long existed, renewed interest in the issue of indecency on television and radio was sparked during the 2004 Super Bowl half-time show and, as evident in the 2007 firing of radio personality Don Imus, continues to be of concern today. The purpose of this study was to identify the amount and kind of offensive language spoken on-air. Overall, there were 872 instances of offensive language or 4.36 words spoken per hour. Of these, words classified as mild (words such as “hell” and “damn”) were the largest proportion (40.9%). The bulk of crude language was spoken on Rock and Popular formats. Additionally, broadcasts in the northeast part of the country contained significantly more instances of offensive language. 相似文献
6.
James E. Fletcher 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(4):570-573
This study used a 2 x 2 X 2 design to examine the effects of warning labels, bleeping, and gender on viewers' perceptions and enjoyment of a docudrama. We also examined the individual difference variable of verbal aggressiveness to test for possible interactions. Overall, the warning labels increased enjoyment of the program containing profanity among college students. Bleeping had no effect on either program liking or perceptions of realism; however, bleeping decreased perceptions of the program's offensiveness, and increased viewers' perceptions of profanity frequently estimates. Lastly, verbally aggressive participants perceived the program as more realistic, and the language as less offensive 相似文献
7.
This study describes the changes over time in the portrayal of socio-cultural characteristics; namely gender, age, ethnicity, religious outlook, family unit, violence experienced, living conditions, and cultural values in Indonesian children's television programs. Using systematic-quantitative content analysis of popular locally produced Indonesian children's television programs in the 1980s and the 2000s, this study found that all socio-cultural characteristics changed over time, except for gender representation with male actors consistently outnumbering female actors. There were some predominant socio-cultural characteristics in the 1980s, the era of authoritarian broadcasting system in Indonesia: most of the major characters were children and preteens, from Western Indonesia, not showing religious symbols or practices, having more than one sibling, and the majority of the adult characters were married. In the 2000s, the era of liberal broadcasting system, major characters were children and teens, showing certain religious symbols, having no or only one sibling, and the majority of the adult characters were single. Indonesian children's television brought certain cultural values to the fore for their young audiences to identify themselves with: self-direction and benevolence. 相似文献
8.
形符、类符、意符是表意文字研究领域内常用的重要基本概念。汉字既然是表意文字,理所当然地需要加强对汉字中上述三种意义符号的研究。然而事实上人们要想在汉语汉字的研究文献中找到这类名词却很难。这就意味着汉学界尚未真正启用研究袁意文字的理论和方法去对汉语汉字进行研究。本文写作的初衷以及我们的根本目的,就是意欲让现代语言学理论中用于研究表意文字的一些基本名词,例如“形符、类符、声符、意符”等基本概念早日在汉语汉字研究中名至实归,从而发挥其对汉语语义学或汉语构词法研究应有的指导作用。 相似文献
9.
Whelan JS Schneider E Woodworth K Markwell LG 《Medical reference services quarterly》2006,25(2):81-95
Increasingly, hospital-based physicians, residents, and medical students are welcoming into their care foreign-born patients, who do not speak English. Most hospitals today have an Interpretive Services Department, but many of the physicians, residents, and medical students want to become more proficient in the most frequently spoken foreign languages in their respective locales. To help recruit and retain a diverse workforce, some hospitals sponsor English programs for staff. The Treadwell Library at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and the Grady Branch Library at Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia, have developed a special collection and hospital library-based language laboratories in order to meet this need. 相似文献
10.
Ali Reza Zohoori 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2013,57(1):105-113
This study compared uses of U.S. television by foreign children residing in the U.S. and their American counterparts in light of theories of acculturation, cultivation, and uses and gratifications. Compared with U.S. children, foreign children: used television more for learning purposes, were relatively more interested in television programs, spent more time watching television, identified more frequently with television characters, and expressed stronger beliefs in the social reality portrayed by television. 相似文献
11.
汉字是中国网络语言的重要组成部分之一。文章从语言认知的角度,在基本范畴、意象图式、隐喻、转喻等几个层面,讨论了网络语言中汉字的语言问题。熟练运用认知机制将加深使用者对汉字以及对英语单词一词多义的理解,应用语言认知机制对网络环境下语言现象进行探索,为汉字宝库输入新鲜血液,是一项具有深远意义的工作。 相似文献
12.
The current content analysis examined representations of body type on prime time television. A composite week of U.S. television was randomly sampled, yielding 1,254 characters in 89 programs. Character attributes also were evaluated. Results suggest that women have become increasingly thin on TV. Thinner characters were more attractive than overweight characters. The few obese and overweight characters presented were less articulate, less intelligent, and more likely to be ridiculed than thinner characters. Black characters on prime time were heavier than other racial/ethnic groups and these characters were seen as more likeable. Implications are discussed from social cognitive theory and cultivation theory perspectives. 相似文献
13.
Rebecca Martin 《广播与电子媒介杂志》2017,61(3):499-517
The purpose of the present study was to assess the prevalence of emotion stereotypes in children’s television programming, in both educational and non-educational programming. It was hypothesized that gender stereotypes of emotion would still be prevalent in both entertainment and educational programming, with females showing more fear and sadness and males showing more anger, and that all shows would have more male than female characters. A total of 8 children’s programs were included for analysis: 4 entertainment programs and 4 educational programs. Programs were coded for the total number of males and females and for the emotions displayed by each character: happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Overall, the analyses revealed that the majority of shows still have more male than female characters. Males were found to portray more of all emotions than females. Educational programming did not differ much in the amount of stereotypical versus counter-stereotypical emotion portrayed. Entertainment programming showed a trend toward more counter-stereotyped emotions. Future research should explore the influence of viewing specific shows on young children’s current gender stereotypes to assess the immediate impact of such viewing. 相似文献
14.
Julia K. Woolley Anthony M. Limperos Mary Beth Oliver 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(5):631-652
Although Facebook is primarily known for building and maintaining relationships, the 2008 presidential election highlighted this social networking website as a viable tool for political communication. In fact, during primary season until Election Day in 2008, Facebook users created more than 1,000 Facebook group pages that focused on Barack Obama and John McCain. Using quantitative content analysis, the primary purpose of this study was to assess how both John McCain and Barack Obama were portrayed across these Facebook groups. Results indicated that group membership and activity levels were higher for Barack Obama than for John McCain. Overall, Barack Obama was portrayed more positively across Facebook groups than John McCain. In addition, profanity, racial, religious, and age-related language were also coded for and varied with regard to how each candidate was portrayed. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Phillip J. Mohr 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):342-351
This article examines two implicit assumptions on which the family viewing concept appears to be based: (1) children's viewing will subside after the end of the family viewing period, and children will be less likely to be exposed to later, more “mature” programming; (2) broadcasters can and do provide programs toward which children and parents share preferences and which are “appropriate” for the family viewing period (6:00‐8:00 p.m. CST, 7:00‐9:00 in other time zones). Data gathered in a 1976 survey confirmed the first assumption. However, while the peak period of children's viewing occurred between 6:30 and 8:00 p.m., substantial numbers of the children continued to view television beyond the family viewing period. Less consistent support was found for the second assumption. Above‐average percentages of both parents and children considered thirty‐one of sixty‐eight programs listed on the questionnaires to be “favorites” or “all right,” and nineteen of the thirty‐one were broadcast during the family viewing period. While parents and children may share attitudes toward certain programs, however, it does not necessarily follow that parents consider those programs appropriate for their children. The results of the survey suggest the need for further study of what constitutes “appropriate” programming for family viewing. 相似文献
16.
Frank W. Oglesbee 《Communication Studies》2013,64(4):239-245
Underground “comix” use a comic book format to comment, often with blatant sexual scenes and profanity, on American society. The author traces the history of comix, exemplifies their criticism of television, and compares comix' methods and influence to more usual critical outlets and to television itself. 相似文献
17.
Using a sample of 124 prime-time television programs airing on the 6 broadcast networks during the 2005–06 season, this study examined the social roles enacted by female and male characters. The findings confirm that female characters continue to inhabit interpersonal roles involved with romance, family, and friends. In contrast, male characters are more likely to enact work-related roles. Moreover, programs employing one or more women writers or creators are more likely to feature both female and male characters in interpersonal roles whereas programs employing all-male writers and creators are more likely to feature both female and male characters in work roles. 相似文献
18.
Kazakhstan became independent after the fall of the Soviet Union and began the process of recovering Kazakh traditions and establishing a unique identity as a country. Key to this effort is establishing the Kazakh language as a titular or state language. At the time of independence an overwhelming majority of Kazakhstan’s population spoke Russian, which remains strong today. The state requires that Kazakh is spoken in at least 50% of all radio broadcasts, and state-sponsored radio takes the lead in this effort. Interviews were conducted with key members of Kazakhstan’s radio industry to learn the role of radio in establishing a state language and the challenges they face doing so. Interviewees were passionate about their role in re-establishing Kazakh culture through language, but the dominance of Russian language radio and a shifting media and language environment continue to present roadblocks. 相似文献
19.
This study tested the hypotheses that shyness is under‐represented in television advertising and that among shy characters, women and children are over‐represented. Network commercials were content‐analyzed for their characterizations of inhibited behaviors. Results indicated that shyness was rarely exhibited and, within the shy portrayals, men and children were more likely to be depicted as shy. 相似文献
20.
Hugh Richard Slotten 《Media History》2013,19(3):253-272
In the second half of the nineteenth century, several Hebrew journals were established, creating a new cross-communal printed public sphere. At the time, Hebrew was merely a language embedded within the two languages of daily communication – spoken Jewish vernacular (Yiddish in Eastern European communities) and the state vernacular. It lacked an active basic vocabulary for many spheres of modern life and was no longer used in everyday or political discussion. In this paper, I investigate the linguistic choice of Hebrew by comparing three of the main nineteenth-century journals – HaMaggid, HaMelitz and HaTzfira. The reasons for using Hebrew were distinct and individual for each journal. Yet, I argue that choosing Hebrew had more indirect, national repercussions: even when it was not the primary rationale for its use, journalistic Hebrew acted as a catalyst for the rise of modern Jewish nationalism. 相似文献