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1.
Abstract

The “Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion of Private Education (Revised Version) (Draft for Review)” issued by the Ministry of Justice triggered strong reverberations, drawing a high degree of attention in society. With respect to the revision process, main content, and logical thrust, its impact and effects have been positive and constructive. However, due to gamesmanship between interested parties in the course of public policy formulation, the inevitable reshaping of national policies on private education, efforts to firmly implement the policy of categorized management, the failure to appropriately handle lingering historical problems, the need for more concrete measures supporting the reform orientation, and other reasons, the relevant provisions have struggled to win universal approval within private education circles. To build a sturdy legal system for private education, we must unswervingly implement categorized management, firmly block the policy loopholes for nondistinction between for profit and nonprofit as well as inconsistency between names and reality, implement various measures to support the development of private schools, encourage localities to be boldly innovative with regard to private education policies, and strengthen the correct interpretation of laws and regulations for private education.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

This paper employs a stochastic production frontier model to assess the efficiency of the senior secondary schools in the Gambia. It examines their efficiency in using and mixing the educational inputs of average teacher salary, average teacher education, average teacher experience and students to teacher ratio in producing the number of students scoring credit and above in English and Mathematics. The schools are categorized into three types: the Government schools, the subsidized schools and the private schools. The paper finds no evidence that the private schools are different from the subsidized schools, but there is robust evidence that the private schools are significantly different from the Government schools. The average teacher salary is found to be irrelevant to the student performance, whereas high average teacher experience significantly improves student performance, and high student-to-teacher ratio significantly negates the student performance. Private schools appear to be the most efficient in 2006, but from 2007 to 2008, the performance of the schools in general is found to be highly volatile and unpredictable. Only one school emerges to consistently maintain a superior efficient performance throughout the three years studied.  相似文献   

3.
This paper investigates the impact of public vs private finance of education and public vs private management of schools on school cost and efficiency, using school-level data on revenues, expenditures, enrollments, examination scores and student characteristics from Indonesian primary schools. We find that in Indonesia, where schools generally operate at very low funding levels, more money is likely to bring better school quality. Private management is more efficient than public management in achieving academic quality. Private funding also improves efficiency whether the schools are publicly or privately managed, but the incremental effect declines as the local funding share increases.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

Private education in our country is a novelty that has grown up outside the public education system, and the formulation and implementation of policies on private education often involves several government departments, in an act of cooperative decision making between multiple government departments. As a result, the effectiveness of the formulation and implementation of policies on private education is, in a certain sense, dependent on the degree of coordination between various government departments, while also being subject to the impact of whether timely adjustments have been made to existing regulations. This characteristic of policies on private education is suited to analysis from the perspective of organizational behavior and decision-making models. The slow progress on the three private education policies related to reasonable returns, independent colleges, and categorized management is a typical example of organizational behavior and decision-making models.  相似文献   

5.
This paper is aimed at exploring distinctive features of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai by drawing on data from Shanghai Program for International Students Assessment (PISA) 2012. While doing the research for this paper, the author found that from a policy perspective, Shanghai had launched a reform policy aimed at transforming the highly centralized education system. This included a devolution of the decision-making authority to local departments of education and a reduction of control over schools. Private school policies were also initiated with the understanding that private schools ought to enjoy autonomy in almost every aspect of decision-making. From the perspective of practice, decentralization of basic education could be categorized as county-based school decentralization. In such a situation, the county bureaus of education wielded decision-making authority over a number of areas in the public school sector, while gradually devolving some decision-making authority to the public schools themselves; and the private schools enjoyed autonomy within their major decision-making areas. Given both the policy and practice of the decentralization of basic education in Shanghai, some suggestions are provided regarding: (1) how to promote school decentralization, and (2) how to balance it with accountability.  相似文献   

6.
我国民办学校近几年在数量上发展很快,但是教育质量却良莠不齐。美国的认证制度借助于社会非政府组织力量来保障私立教育质量的做法带给我们一定的启示。在美国,私立学校若想得到社会和家长的承认,就必须在各方面完善自己来获得相关组织的认证。但是,中美两国毕竟国情不同,认证制度是否可以引入我国,论文在这方面也做了一定的思考。  相似文献   

7.
Private schools were very prosperous in Shanghai during the Republican period. Shanghai Municipal Educational Bureau adopted a pattern of indirect management, especially attaching importance to normalizing and guiding the mechanism for operating a school by taking the basic measures for the registration administration. Meanwhile, appropriate funding was given to private school so that they could enjoy fair treatment and full confidence. What was more, necessary interventions were made on finances and running a school. Indirect model of managing many private schools dramatically reduced the financial burden on Shanghai municipal public education. It also provided an important prerequisite for urban educational administration to concentrate on macro management system. __________ Translated from Shehui Kexue 社会科学 (Social Sciences), 2007, (2): 99–109  相似文献   

8.

This article uses the biographies of three German teachers to explore nineteenth century German immigrants' efforts to provide education which upheld their ethnic traditions and prepared their children to take their place in the British colony of South Australia. Lutheran schools, German state schools and private schools initially performed these functions in both rural and urban areas. Once compulsory schooling was introduced in 1875, however, German state schools were marginalised as English became the only language of instruction in the rapidly expanding state school system, and many private schools closed. Rural Lutheran schools maintained their role as nurseries of the church but also accommodated the demand for English language and culture by using state school courses of instruction in many subjects. In essence, by 1900 schools were no longer the key sites for the maintenance of German language and culture in South Australia  相似文献   

9.
John Vriend 《Interchange》1992,23(4):407-417
This article compares the proposals for independent schools inThe Report of the Commission on Private Schools in Ontario (1985) to the common school ideal that was the basis for public education. The article compares the Commission's key proposals to themes associated with the common school ideal. This comparison leads to the conclusion that the Commission's proposals for independent schools would not promote freedom and diversity but rather ideological conformity and would lead to more homogeneous education for the province of Ontario.The Report of the Commission on Private Schools in Ontariois now seven years old but the problems related to private school funding have not died either in Canada or in other Western democracies. For this reason Interchangewelcomes John Vriend's discussion of this report and encourages readers in other parts of the world to comment on further developments in school funding, both in private and public systems. The Editor  相似文献   

10.
Private schools were very prosperous in Shanghai during the Republican period. Shanghai Municipal Educational Bureau adopted a pattern of indirect management, especially attaching importance to normalizing and guiding the mechanism for operating a school by taking the basic measures for the registration administration. Meanwhile, appropriate funding was given to private school so that they could enjoy fair treatment and full confidence. What was more, necessary interventions were made on finances and running a school. Indirect model of managing many private schools dramatically reduced the financial burden on Shanghai municipal public education. It also provided an important prerequisite for urban educational administration to concentrate on macro management system.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

This article focuses on decentralisation of financial control as a strategy used to develop school-based management (SBM) and improve performance. SBM is a management mechanism aimed at improving schools by shifting decision-making powers regarding the budget from the central level to the schools (Raywind 1990, 142). The article examines the role of the state in decentralisation by exploring the current South African education policy on this aspect of educational reform as expressed through the Norms and standards for school funding (RSA 1998). The policy was designed in response to the demands for educational reform and restructuring initiatives.

A common feature in the implementation of this policy is the devolution of decisionmaking authority over the management of resources to schools. This includes devolution of state-allocated budgets and delegation of financial management responsibilities to school-based financial management structures through the district as a primary education service delivery system for the state. To assist both the district and the school in carrying out their responsibilities, a model for school-based financial management is presented in this article.  相似文献   

12.
ABSTRACT

The Province of Québec subsidizes nearly 50% of private education, and at the same time heavily regulates private schools. To date, no studies have been done to determine the effect of the unique nature of competition from K–12 private schools on public school education of the sort found in Québec. The authors used multiple regression to determine the effects of private school competition on school district performance and efficiency. The authors found that private school competition has a positive, though nonsignificant, effect on school district performance. However, private school competition does have a significant, positive effect on the efficiency of public school districts. This gain in efficiency is explained by competition's influence on lowering expenditures across the board.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

In the rapid development of Chinese higher vocational education, large gaps have appeared in the scale of development and resource generation among the provinces, among regions in the provinces, and among higher education institutions in the provinces. Balanced regional development and provincial-level coordination have become policy focal points, but a discussion of the relationship between the two has been lacking in the academic world. Based on 2009 data on vocational colleges in China, the quantitative analysis in this paper shows that there is a tension between the governance models of higher vocational education and balanced development of vocational colleges within provinces. Research findings show that school affiliation is related to the ability to attract public funding, appropriations for public schools are significantly higher than for private schools, and tuition for private schools is significantly higher than for public schools; school affiliation is related to output, and the new student registration rate and number of cooperating enterprises is higher for public schools than private schools; and there is a significant positive correlation between the ratio of prefecture-level city schools and the average number of cooperating enterprises for schools in a province, and a significant positive correlation between the ratio of private schools and the average tuition of schools in a province. This paper suggests that to achieve the dual objectives of balance and development, provincial-level governments should adjust their administrations and financing for higher vocational education and decentralize their authority to local governments, in order to build a diverse and flexible new model for higher vocational education governance.  相似文献   

14.
近现代社会新式教育快速兴起,新式学校逐渐取代传统的私塾和书院,成为教育机构的主流。政府在发展和普及新教育的过程中,一方面新设大量学校,另一方面也对传统教育机构进行改造,使融入新的学校系统。相比较而言,书院改学堂较为容易;传统私塾因为数量庞大,分布散乱,成份繁杂,改造起来难度大、时间长。教育行政机关通过组织塾师培训、审定塾师资格、实行设塾登记等形式,积极开展对私塾的改造,使之逐渐脱离旧的教育模式,在教学组织、教育内容、教育方法和学校管理上向新式学校靠近,为新教育的发展服务。  相似文献   

15.
Abstract

In this study, the authors describe the efficacy beliefs of practicing elementary school teachers regarding character education. The Character Education Efficacy Belief Instrument, developed and validated by the authors, was completed by a sample of 254 elementary school teachers in a large midwestern suburban school district. The results suggest that elementary school teachers feel efficacious about most aspects of character education and that teachers who earned their undergraduate degrees from private, religiously affiliated universities have a greater sense of efficacy for character education. Further research into the nature and effectiveness of programs that exist in private, religiously affiliated institutions may suggest methods for developing teachers' abilities to provide character education in schools.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Reforms using market-style mechanisms of parental choice and competition between schools are intended to leverage change by compelling schools to diversify options and increase effectiveness. Yet, some research challenges those assumptions, suggesting that schools in competitive climates are more likely to focus on image management to attract a more desirable student intake than to engage in substantive innovations to improve student outcomes. This analysis examines school responses to competition in two local education markets representing a mix of public (including charter) and private school types. School promotional signals to consumers are studied in order to understand school perceptions and responses to underlying competitive incentive structures-incentives that reformers intended to encourage programmatic improvement and diversification of options along a horizontal axis of diverse consumer preferences. A review of marketing materials demonstrates that many schools are instead adopting marketing strategies designed to attract “better” students-often from schools considered to be successful, rather than from the failing schools reformers had targeted. These patterns of vertical differentiation suggest that schools may be acting in ways that reflect contradictory incentives shaping how schools engage the marketplace.  相似文献   

17.

Private supplementary tutoring is a widespread phenomenon. However, evidence that private tutoring has positive effects on academic achievement or about the specific conditions of successful private tutoring is rare. Adapting Carroll’s (1963) model for school learning to private tutoring, we expected to find positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, and students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. In a sample of eighth-grade students in German secondary schools (N = 8510, 18.6% currently being tutored), we conducted regression analyses with multiple covariates and did not find a positive main effect of private tutoring attendance in any of the school subjects examined. Moreover, within the subsamples of tutored students, we were not able to identify positive effects of tutoring duration, tutoring intensity, tutoring content (such as a focus on homework completion, test preparation, or study behavior), or students’ motivation to attend private tutoring. Given these disillusioning findings, we primarily derive suggestions for future research.

  相似文献   

18.
印度私立教育近年来获得了快速发展,与此同时政府对私立中小学在价格、进入和退出、投资、质量、劳工问题、补贴等方面采取严厉的管制政策,但这种管制政策也带来了一些问题,印度出现大量未获认可的"非法"私立中小学;接受政府资助的私立学校与公立学校出现趋同;管制过程中政府官员寻租现象严重。印度对私立中小学的管制说明,政府干预和市场的有效结合是私立教育健康发展的条件。  相似文献   

19.
《Africa Education Review》2013,10(2):253-273
Abstract

The inception of no-fee schools and a school-fee exemption policy has become a contentious issue but also an exciting one for school managers in South Africa. Managers opposed to the policy have cited amongst others things, academic standards dropping, as well as parents who can afford to pay jumping on the bandwagon and refusing to pay. While the advocates for no-fee schools argue that it is not only a moral obligation for the authorities to ensure that every child is able to get basic education, it is also a basic human right. Notwithstanding these contrasting views, an overwhelming majority (62%) of the purposively sampled principals of public schools in the Free State Province expressed relief and agreement with this decision to declare poor school nofee schools. This article, therefore, intends to explore not only the background to the policy but also the possible impact of this decision on overall school performance as perceived by the school principals.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

The study surveyed (questionnaire) 222 doctoral business students from private and public universities in Northeastern United States. The objective was to identity important criteria used to select a university. In addition, this study compared the responses of students from these schools to determine whether selection criteria differ.

Using a Likert scale of important to unimportant, students from these universities rated ten of the 52 criteria important to their selection. They included: programs, academic reputation, degree marketability, faculty contact time, accreditations, assistantship/campus employment, financial aids, placement reputation, completion time, and library size. However, they rated academic reputation and completion time significantly different. The private school students rated academic reputation significantly (0.00) more important, whereas the public school students rated completion time significantly (0.03) more important.

To attract prospective private school students to public schools, public school administrators would benefit by emphasizing the quality and reputation of its faculty and programs. Private school administrators are likely to attract more students if they are able to improve the quality and increase the quantity of computer facilities. Moreover, they would profit from designing flexible programs and classes that would allow for a more rapid completion time.  相似文献   

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