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We develop natural language processing techniques to identify the creation and impact of new technologies in the population of U.S. patents. We validate the new techniques and their improvement over traditional metrics based on patent classification and citations in two case-control studies. First, we collect patents linked to awards such as the Nobel prize and the National Inventor Hall of Fame. These patents likely cover radically new technologies with a major impact on technological progress and patenting. Second, we identify patents granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office but simultaneously rejected by both the European and Japanese patent office. Such patents arguably lack novelty or cover small incremental advances over prior art and should have little impact on technological progress. We provide open access to code, data, and new measures for all utility patents granted by the USPTO up to May 2018 (see https://zenodo.org/record/3515985, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3515985). 相似文献
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分析中国医药领域专利知识吸收和扩散演化规律及知识吸收对知识扩散影响,有助于快速选择并吸收相关资源,为加大基础研究投入强度提供数据支撑,为科技资源整合策略提供支持。本文以2000—2014年美国专利商标局收录的中国医药领域2326件专利及其引用的43 822篇专利文献、35 573篇论文文献为研究对象,从专利知识吸收及知识扩散两个角度出发,采用多元方差分析、零膨胀负二项回归及多元线性回归进行多维度分析。结果表明：专利知识吸收逐年增加,但知识扩散并未形成稳定趋势;不同时间段内知识吸收及扩散各测度指标显著不同;专利文献知识吸收数量、质量及论文文献知识吸收质量均对专利知识扩散产生负向影响;吸收论文知识构件对专利知识扩散产生正向影响;吸收论文数量与知识扩散广度、强度负相关;吸收专利知识构件与知识扩散广度正相关,但与知识扩散强度与速度均无相关关系;专利及论文文献知识吸收新颖性对知识扩散广度、强度及速度均无影响。 相似文献
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摘要 为研究科学与现有技术对中国传统产业技术创新质量的影响,促进传统产业对科学和现有技术的继承。本文以中药上市企业的中药专利数据为样本,使用零膨胀负二项回归和突变级数法,从静态和动态两个维度分析了中药继承对创新质量影响。发现专利引文数量对创新质量有稳健的消极影响,跨技术领域引证2004年后对创新质量有积极影响,科学引文数量对创新质量随时间由消极影响转变为积极影响,技术标准和古代医药典籍在2003-2004年对创新质量有积极影响,现代医药图书在整体上对创新质量有积极影响。 相似文献
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Science and the diffusion of knowledge 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Scientists, social scientists and politicians frequently credit basic science with stimulating technological innovation, and with it economic growth. Despite a substantial body of research investigating this general relationship, relatively little empirical attention has been given to understanding the mechanisms that might generate this linkage. This paper considers whether more rapid diffusion of knowledge, brought about by the norm of publication, might account for part of this effect. We identify the importance of publication by comparing the patterns of citations from future patents to three groups of focal patents: (i) those that reference scientific (peer-reviewed) publications, (ii) those that reference commercial (non-scientific) publications; and (iii) those that reference neither. Our analyses strongly implicate publication as an important mechanism for accelerating the rate of technological innovation: Patents that reference published material, whether peer-reviewed or not, receive more citations, primarily because their influence diffuses faster in time and space. 相似文献
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专利的技术新兴度与其技术影响力间关系研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(6):1034-1043
识别具有发展潜力的新兴技术和最具价值的新兴技术主体已成为各利益相关方关注的重点。美国的FUSE项目提出了“技术新兴度”这一指标,实现了对新兴技术（主体）的定量评估。在此基础上,本文以专利为研究对象,引入文献计量学、计量经济学等相关方法,在对专利的技术新兴度进行计算的基础上,从定量角度探究专利的技术新兴度与其技术影响力间的关系,并使用纳米载药领域的专利数据进行实证分析。研究表明,专利的技术影响力与其技术新兴度间存在显著的正相关关系,即技术新兴度越高的专利可能对后续的技术发展产生更大的影响和推动作用,且这种新兴技术思想（新兴术语）对专利技术影响力的提高作用具有一定的持久性（至少3年）。本研究为新兴技术的定量研究、高质量专利的挖掘以及我国政府或企业相关科技策略的制定提供了重要的参考。 相似文献
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对当前科技查新报告的形式化问题进行研究,并对形式化问题产生的原因进行分析,提出由科技管理部门主导的新的科技查新管理模式。新的科技查新管理模式能够实现科技管理部门对科技查新机构和查新人员的有效监督,从体制上根治科技查新报告的形式化弊端。 相似文献
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睡美人文献研究对于图书馆界文献战略保藏、科技界早期识别变革性研究与缩短重大科学发现的认可时滞具有重要意义。通过数据分析和案例研究揭示了睡美人文献具有多出自跨学科研究和综合性期刊、多具有潜在技术与应用属性、多为高质量研究三大特征。初步凝练出预测睡美人文献的若干关键线索：一是识别变革性研究并追踪其技术转化应用状况,包括监测作者是否持续开展该主题的研究,是否从理论研究拓展到实践研究,实践中是否成功等;论文发表之后是否有专利授权,论文是否被专利引用等。二是笔者提出的一个用于识别非高被引论文中睡美人文献的无参数指标--Bcp指数,能够识别出那些正处于“沉睡-唤醒”萌芽期的论文,特别是长期沉睡后初现被引突增苗头,且总被引次数尚未成规模的论文。基于睡美人文献重要特征与预测线索的分析,从加强变革性研究、识别研究前沿和改善学术评价三个方面讨论了睡美人文献研究的政策启示。 相似文献
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科学合作网络知识多样性与企业技术创新绩效 《科学学研究》2021,39(5):867-875
科学合作在科学知识生产中扮演着重要角色,而科学研究所产生的科学知识对于企业技术创新至关重要。运用2000-2017年新能源汽车产业相关学科在web of science刊载的32715家中国组织参与的合作论文585348篇,构建组织间科学合作网络139090个（个体网）。同时从德温特数据库下载了1893家中国组织在新能源汽车产业申请的专利16112条,将参与了科学合作（合作论文）与产生了技术创新绩效（专利申请）的组织进行匹配,最终聚焦于174家企业,利用面板数据,实证分析我国新能源汽车产业科学合作网络关系如何影响企业技术创新绩效。研究发现,企业在网络中的关系广度与关系强度均能正向影响企业技术创新绩效,关系强度比关系广度对企业技术创新绩效的影响更直接;知识多样性（学科多样性和技术多元化）中介于网络关系对企业技术创新绩效的影响,学科多样性中介于关系强度对企业技术创新绩效的影响,而关系广度则通过技术多元化影响企业技术创新绩效;研究还发现,企业进行学科多样性和技术多元化均有利于其提升技术创新绩效。 相似文献
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一般认为,科学家尤其是诺贝尔奖科学家科学研究工作成果的主要发表形式是科学论文。但近年来的趋势表明,诺贝尔奖科学家也在大量地申请专利,即便是那些看起来从事基础科学研究的学者,也表现出强烈的专利意识。日本科学家、2012年诺贝尔生理或医学奖得主山中伸弥是其中典型的代表。山中伸弥"论文—专利"行为模式,存在着明显的逻辑合理性和行动连续性,值得我国科学家学习。作为驱动力量的日本科技政策,也值得我国科技政策制定者借鉴参考。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2019,48(9):103835
We explore the contention that the seminal US National Academies consensus report, How People Learn (HPL), played a major role in bridging the flow of knowledge from Cognitive Science to Education. Our paper yielded four important results: First, HPL is, on a number of bibliometric measures, an unusually interdisciplinary work. Focusing on the fields of particular interest here, our citation analysis shows the Education, Cognitive Science, and Border field (e.g., Educational Psychology, Learning Sciences, and Learning Technology and Human-Computer Interaction) literatures all to have been major influences on it. Second, we found HPL to be unusually highly cited – and by publications from an unusually diverse set of disciplines. Beyond Education, Cognitive Science, and Border field publications, HPL was also relatively highly cited by publications in Medical/Health-related, Engineering, and other Discipline-Based Education Research fields. Third, undermining the claim that HPL served as a gateway to the Cognitive Science literature, we found Education articles citing HPL not to be more likely to have Cognitive Science as a major influence than are Education articles more generally, as indicated by their cited references. Finally, the Education publications that cited HPL were far more likely to refer to concepts in HPL that were already prevalent in the Education literature rather than to concepts from Cognitive Science. Conversely, the Cognitive Science publications that cited HPL were more apt to refer to concepts already in the Cognitive Science literature. Taken together, these results are a caution that, even for a highly regarded multidisciplinary work cited widely by publications from multiple disciplines, its direct influence could be largely disciplinary. Implications for the policy goals of fostering interdisciplinary research and the role of National Academies consensus reports are discussed. 相似文献
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本文在理论上分析互联网发展对技术创新的可能影响机制,利用2007—2014年我国230个地级市的面板数据,通过主成分分析法构建了互联网发展指数。并进一步应用工具变量法实证研究了互联网发展对技术创新产生的影响及其内在传导机制。本文采用1984年各城市每百人固定电话数量与电信投资量的交互项作为研究的工具变量。实证表明：（1）无论从专利数据还是城市创新指数来看,互联网发展都显著促进了技术创新;（2）互联网发展加速了专利的折旧速度,有利于提高创新知识的更新速度;（3）互联网发展加快信息的传播,提升了专利的国内外引用,显著增加了创新知识的溢出。本文为我国“互联网＋”行动计划、创新型国家建设奠定了理论与事实基础。 相似文献
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A frequently made claim in the innovation literature is that important inventions involve the transfer of new knowledge from one technological domain to another. This study uses U.S. patents granted from 1976 to 2006 to identify the role of knowledge acquired from outside each patent's technological domain. Our results do not seem to support the claim above. Increasing citations to external prior art is a significantly less important predictor of forward citation frequency than citing prior art that is technologically closer. This result is robust across several model specifications and ways of defining whether each flow of knowledge is external. The result is even stronger in the most highly cited technology categories. We discuss possible explanations for this apparently negative impact of external knowledge—including both measurement issues and challenges associated with assimilating disparate knowledge. 相似文献
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This paper explores the relationship between scientific publication and patenting activity. More specifically, it examines for the field of nano-science and nano-technology whether researchers who both publish and patent are more productive and more highly cited than their peers who concentrate on scholarly publication in communicating their research results. This study is based on an analysis of the nano-science publications and nano-technology patents of a small set of European countries. While only a very few nano-scientists appear to hold patents in nano-technology, many nano-inventors seem to be actively publishing nano-science research. Overall, the patenting scientists appear to outperform their solely publishing (non-inventing) peers in terms of publication counts and citation frequency. However, a closer examination of the highly active and highly cited nano-authors points to a slightly different situation. While still over-represented among the highly cited authors, inventor-authors appear not to be among the most highly cited authors in that category, with a single notable exception. One policy implication is that, generally speaking, patenting activity does not appear to have an adverse impact on the publication and citation performance of researchers. 相似文献
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贺福明 《科技成果管理与研究》2010,(4):29-32
介绍了陕西省科学技术信息研究所在科技查新工作发展与建设方面的一些重要举措;阐述了科技查新工作在服务于地方科技创新和科技发展中所起的作用;研究分析了科技查新工作发展的新趋势与对策。 相似文献
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Martin Meyer 《Research Policy》2006,35(10):1646-1662
This paper explores the relationship between scientific publication and patenting activity. More specifically, it examines for the field of nano-science and nano-technology whether researchers who both publish and patent are more productive and more highly cited than their peers who concentrate on scholarly publication in communicating their research results. This study is based on an analysis of the nano-science publications and nano-technology patents of a small set of European countries. While only a very few nano-scientists appear to hold patents in nano-technology, many nano-inventors seem to be actively publishing nano-science research. Overall, the patenting scientists appear to outperform their solely publishing (non-inventing) peers in terms of publication counts and citation frequency. However, a closer examination of the highly active and highly cited nano-authors points to a slightly different situation. While still over-represented among the highly cited authors, inventor-authors appear not to be among the most highly cited authors in that category, with a single notable exception. One policy implication is that, generally speaking, patenting activity does not appear to have an adverse impact on the publication and citation performance of researchers. 相似文献
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专利—论文混合共被引网络下的知识流动探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
专利参考文献中的科学论文、技术专利等引文,为研究高科技时代下科学技术相互融合中的知识流动提供了便利。在分析专利—论文混合共被引下的知识流动的基础上,以网络的属性“被引量”、“中介中心度”和“引用半周期”量化了知识流动中的“知识影响力”、“知识控制力”和“知识活力”,并以此表征了知识流动中的“高质量”文献,最终以R.E.Smalley的施引专利作为研究对象,进行了实证分析,探讨了技术进步下科学和技术在知识流动中的相互融合,验证了应用科学在技术进步中的相对重要性。 相似文献
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朱亚华 《科技成果管理与研究》2011,(2):45-47
随着企业技术创新能力的不断提高和信息化建设进程的不断加快,科研课题数量不断增加。科技查新作为科研成果管理工作中的重要环节,用户对获取科技查新信息的手段、方式、渠道、时空也有了新的要求。国网信息通信有限公司利用先进的信息通信技术构建了集互联网信息、电话语音信息、短信信息、手机信息于一体的信息管理与服务系统,在信息资源和用户之间形成了一个整体的科技查新技术支持环境与服务环境。该系统充分利用科技查新资源的优势和资源整合的优势,将信息的管理与服务有机地融合在一起,为用户提供更多、更快、更好的数字信息资源服务。 相似文献
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基于截面数据的专利与科技投入关系实证研究/FONT 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
研究科技投入对专利的影响程度。基于我国十五期间各省（市）、自治区的截面数据,本文研究发现专利与科技活动经费占GDP的比重及科技活动人员数两个因素之间存在较强的线性关系。由此建立了以科技活动经费占GDP的比重及科技活动人员数为解释变量,专利授权量为被解释变量的回归模型。利用此回归方程我们测算了科技活动经费占GDP的比重及科技活动人员数两个因素对专利的影响程度,较好地揭示了作为创新重要成果的专利与科技投入要素之间的关系。文献中大多仅以经费作为因素研究其对专利的影响,本文则同时以经费和人员作为因素,可以更全面地反映科技投入对专利的影响,因而更符合实际情况。 相似文献