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1.
Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education, most have focused on the scale of university (the economies of scale), but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education, especially on the combined efficiency of outputs (the economies of scope). There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are complementary with research resources, or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate training. In the background of the resource scarcity, it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education to realize intensive development of higher education. Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities attached to the Ministry of Education, this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate cultivation, postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource sharing, the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest. As far as the quality of teaching and research are concerned, diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great. The main reasons are as follows: poor distribution of facilities, teachers and books, overlapping internal management systems, and the current postgraduate cultivation model. Therefore, relative departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of higher education. 相似文献
2.
Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education, most have focused on the scale of university (the economies
of scale), but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education, especially on the combined efficiency of outputs
(the economies of scope). There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are
complementary with research resources, or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate
training. In the background of the resource scarcity, it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education
to realize intensive development of higher education. Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities
attached to the Ministry of Education, this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate
cultivation, postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource
sharing, the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest. As far as the quality of teaching and research are
concerned, diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great. The main reasons are as follows: poor distribution of facilities,
teachers and books, overlapping internal management systems, and the current postgraduate cultivation model. Therefore, relative
departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of
higher education.
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Translated from Beijing Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) 北京师范大学学报 (社会科学 版) (Journal of Beijing Normal University (Social Sciences)), 2007, (2): 81–91 相似文献
3.
Joacim Ramberg 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(4):440-462
This paper analyses the special educational resources in the Swedish upper secondary schools using a total population survey that covers all upper secondary schools. Special educators and special teachers together constitute the special educational resources at each school. With two types of regression models (logistic and linear regression), the study investigates which variables at school level determine the presence and availability rate of special educational resources. The main findings are that there is a great difference between public and independent schools in the presence and accessibility of special educational resources, where many independent schools do not offer special educational support for their students. It also shows that what kind of provider (public or independent school) and the size of the school are especially important variables for predicting presence of special educational resources. When analysing the variance of availability rate of special educational resources, student variables (grades from compulsory school and parental educational level) on the school level, together with school size, are especially important. 相似文献
4.
李树乔 《北京教育学院学报》2005,19(2):8-11,21
教育生产函数是对各种教育投入不同联结方式的最大教育产出可能的分析。当前,我们要以科学发展观统领教育工作全局,促进教育事业全面协调可持续发展,必须加强对教育生产函数的研究。本文阐述了教育生产函数的几种形式及其在教育管理中的应用,进而倡导运用教育生产函数来优化教育资源配置,提高教育的效率。 相似文献
5.
《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2012,34(2):177-184
This paper approaches the issue of resource allocation within education systems from the perspective of economic theory. Education is considered as a production process which involves the transformation of inputs (for example, staff and student time, physical capital and environmental factors) into outputs (for example, teaching outputs, research outputs and social services). The economic concepts of “efficiency” and “productivity” are reviewed, and it is suggested that while these concepts do not have direct application in the context of education systems they do serve to focus attention on factors which are influential in determining the extent to which resources that are available are used effectively. Accordingly, it is argued that account should be taken of the underlying economic concepts in establishing or reviewing arrangements for funding both institutions and departments or faculties within institutions, and that incentives that will encourage the pursuit of efficiency and productivity should be built into education systems at all levels. 相似文献
6.
在分析我国教育资源网站建设现状的基础上，提出了基于SOA和MVC整合的教育资源网站建设方案和实现方法，可以很好地实现教育资源网站建设中的资源重用、松散耦合和分层开发，达到降低开发、维护的难度和成本、提高开发效率的目的. 相似文献
7.
This study provides new evidence on school efficiency for low and middle income countries. We use data from PISA for Development (2017) for seven countries to obtain estimates on school efficiency using data envelopment analysis, both for cognitive and non-cognitive outputs, and their determinants. We find that there is a scope to increase efficiency by 20–22% via boosting both types of educational outputs and by reducing within-country disparity on schools’ efficiency scores by weakening the impact of students’ disadvantages. Our results suggest that schools cognitive inequality can be reduced alongside inefficiency. Cross-country results suggest similar drivers of efficiency across countries, at least for students’ school determinants, though we find more nuanced results on teachers and policies determinants for efficiency. 相似文献
8.
Globalisation and education 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Frances Stewart 《International Journal of Educational Development》1996,16(4):327-333
This paper analyses the links between globalisation and education. The growth of the global economy has increased opportunities for those countries with good levels of education, but has made growth more difficult for countries with weak levels of education. Countries with good human resources, high savings and good economic policies (chiefly in East and Southeast Asia) have attracted foreign investment and technology, and have experienced fast growth in exports of manufactures and in output per capita. Developed countries find it increasingly difficult to compete with such economies unless they invest in good education, training and skills, leading to high rates of innovation and productivity. Countries with weak levels of human resources have found it more difficult to succeed—and many, especially in Africa, have experienced falling per capita incomes. Globalisation has made it more difficult to build up educational levels in these countries, as public expenditure has been cut during adjustment. Hence virtuous and vicious cycles of development have emerged, with a good spread of education leading to high growth and generating resources for further development of education and, conversely, countries with poor human resources having low or negative growth and reduced potential for building up their educational systems. 相似文献
9.
Tommaso Agasisti 《European Journal of Education》2014,49(4):543-557
Recent policy suggestions from the European Community underlined the importance of ‘efficiency’ and ‘equity’ in the provision of education while, at the same time, the European countries are required to provide their educational services by minimizing the amount of public money devoted to them. In this article, an empirical study compares the spending efficiency on education in 20 European countries during the period 2006–2009. OECD-PISA test scores are used as output, while the ‘expenditure per student’ is used as input. The efficiency scores are calculated via a bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In a second stage, the efficiency scores are regressed against a set of context variables which represent the different socio-economic settings (e.g. GDP per capita, unemployment rate, etc.) as well as some important ‘structural’ characteristics of the educational systems. Teachers' salaries and Internet use (as a proxy for technological ‘literacy’) play a positive role in affecting educational performance, while GDPpc is negatively related to efficiency. Lastly, Malmquist indexes are calculated to measure the change in efficiency in the period 2006–2009. The results showed that the average efficiency remained basically stable in the period. 相似文献
10.
自然资源是社会物质财富的源泉,是生产过程不可缺少的物质要素,是人类赖以生存的自然基础.各地自然资源禀赋差异较大,自然资源的丰裕度与区域社会经济发展有着密切关系.关中—天水经济区自2009年成立至今,社会经济发展取得了一定的成绩,但资源瓶颈的约束日益增强.为了提升自然资源对关天经济区社会经济发展的支撑和保障能力,关天经济区应着力强化对主要自然资源的战略规划.“十二五”期间,关、天经济区的发展应加强土地资源的科学规划,加大产业集聚程度,节约使用建设用地,提高土地资源综合利用效率;合理调整用水结构,加强水源保护,提高关水资源开发利用的科技水平,提升水资源可持续利用程度;矿产资源开发要坚持以科学发展观为指导,充分考虑资源开发的环境承载能力,统筹考虑,超前谋划,合理有序开发. 相似文献
11.
A significant movement in education concerns the use of open educational resources. By ‘open’ it is generally meant that the resource is available at no cost to others for adaptation and reuse in different contexts. However, ‘open’ is not a simple dichotomy; rather, there is a continuum of openness. We discuss four separate aspects of reuse and demonstrate how these describe different levels of openness. We discuss how the licensing and technical aspects of open educational resources affect the relative openness of an open educational resource. Implications for those creating open educational resources are discussed. 相似文献
12.
延安红色教育资源是新时期开展公民教育的特色教育资源。延安红色教育资源地处陕甘宁边区,在教育的价值与意义上,是中华民族共有的精神财富。为突破延安红色教育资源应用受地域的限制,在新媒体环境下提升公民教育中特色教育资源的个性化服务,利用互联网面向学校与社会公开共享特色教育资源,旨在促进红色教育资源在公民教育中的有效应用。延安红色教育资源数字化建设具有一定的特殊性,其个性化服务是一项长期系统的工程,原有的资源建设与应用模式很难适应新媒体环境下红色教育资源数字化服务的要求,因此需要重新构建延安红色教育资源开发与应用的新模型。基于该模型制定延安红色教育资源数字化建设的标准和规范,设计和分析红色教育网络平台模块的功能、素材建设等,实施网络平台开发;根据对网络教育平台的推广,研究红色教育资源应用模式,深化延安红色教育资源在学校和社会中有效应用的个性化服务。 相似文献
13.
教育公平是教育的一种基本价值观念与准则,与教育制度相关联,并以此为基准规定着社会成员所享有的基本教育权利,规定着教育资源与利益在社会成员之间的合理分配。事实证明,即使是在机会平等的条件下,教育权利的行使也往往因为主体自然禀赋的差异而不尽相同。为此,我们需在充分认识正当程序对实现教育公平的价值基础上,努力建构合理的程序,为教育资源分配的正义提供程序规则依据;充分运用"商谈理论",为解决教育的公平问题提供民主化程序基础和救济机制。 相似文献
14.
中外合作办学中优质教育资源的引进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引进国外优质教育资源是中外合作办学的核心。教育资源的引进包含三个层次的问题：引进资源的内容选择、资源质量和资源利用效率。我国中外合作办学发展20多年来,引进教育资源的内涵和质量问题一直是非常突出的问题。引进优质教育资源,需要不断加强资质认证,发挥政府政策的宏观调控和引导作用,重视资源引进过程中的监管和质量监督,同时走出国门,促进优质教育资源的输入。 相似文献
15.
Tarek Mostafa 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2010,7(1):567-589
This paper analyses the mechanisms of stratification and inequalities in educational achievements. The main objective is to
determine how stratification leads to unequal educational outcomes and how inequalities are channelled through student characteristics,
school characteristics and peer effects. This analysis is undertaken in five countries differentiated by their schooling systems.
The countries are Japan, Finland, Germany, Italy and the UK, and the dataset used is PISA 2003. The analysis consists of a
multilevel econometric model used to explain variations in performance scores. The explanatory variables are student, school
and peer characteristics. The institutional context of each education system is used to interpret the results and to describe
how inequalities arise. In the last section, policy implications, based on the regression results, are derived. 相似文献
16.
Jeongwoo Lee 《Peabody Journal of Education》2014,89(1):106-122
Attracting significant attention from the media and policymakers, international student assessments are serving as pressures on and challenges for individual countries. Even so, paying attention only to publicly released rankings in international student assessments may lead to superficial interpretations of the assessment results. Simply equating the rankings with educational outcomes can be a questionable perspective because the assessment results can be interpreted differently. In this context, this article has explored student achievement in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests in comparison with civic knowledge achievement in the IEA Civic Education Study across 17 countries. This article has also evaluated efficiency in educational processes by assessing outputs (student performance in PISA) against inputs (educational spending and learning time) directly used in the education system. These two approaches clarify that publicly released rankings in PISA change to some extent when the rankings are reevaluated by taking other factors into consideration. This implication should be allowed for in interpreting the results of international assessment and the relative rankings of participating countries. 相似文献
17.
杨开明 《四川职业技术学院学报》2005,15(4):60-61
随着高等职业教育的迅速发展,教育资源相对缺乏的矛盾日益显现.充分整合社会各种教育资源,实现教育资源的合理配置、共建共享、优势互补,有利于高效利用优质教学资源,提高教学质量和办学效益,是在资源相对不足的条件下办职业教育的有效途径.本文就高职教育资源的内涵、现状及共享形式作了初步的探讨,以期为解决当前高职教育资源严重不足的问题提供参考. 相似文献
18.
陈文平 《沙洋师范高等专科学校学报》2003,4(2):64-65
学校教育资源的意义就在于为学校目标的实现服务，从某种程度讲，学校教育目标的实现过程也就是学校教育资源的价值实现过程。但要在纷繁复杂的学校教育资源中选择出完成某项具体教育任务所需的最佳资源，必须遵循目的原则、效益原则和发展原则。 相似文献
19.
20.
高等学校的教育制度缺失与教育行为失范 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教育改革的过程实际上就是教育制度变迁的过程,在制度变迁过程中由于多种制度杂然并存、相互冲突使教育行为无所适从,从而导致教育行为失范,而教育行为失范的背后实际上隐含的是教育资源的浪费.因此,遏制由于教育制度缺失而带来的教育行为失范从某种意义上讲就是提高了教育资源的利用效率. 相似文献