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摘要：用^60Co-γ射线诱变小麦扬麦14,对M,代290个穗行进行了主要农艺性状的变异及多元分析。结果表明：各性状的变异幅度是不同的,变异系数从大到小依次为：穗粒重〉退化小穗数〉行粒重〉穗粒数〉穗数〉穗长〉千粒重〉小穗数〉株高;变异率从大到小依次为：行粒重=穗粒数〉穗数〉穗长〉株高=千粒重〉小穗数〉穗粒重〉退化小穗数。穗数、小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重与行粒重相关极显著。主成分分析结果表明,有6个主成分入选,分别为粒数、穗数、粒重、退化小穗、穗长、株高因子,其累计贡献率为91．78％。当遗传距离为39．60时,290个穗行分为各具特征的7类,高产类型应从类群Ⅵ的8份材料中进行筛选;矮秆、密穗类型应从类Ⅶ的1份材料中选择。 相似文献
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《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2017,(3)
对108份"西农"系列、"宛麦"系列小麦新品系在南阳地区的抗性、产量性状进行分析,探究适应南阳气候的小麦特征,为小麦新品种选育提供参考.结果表明:冬性品系容易遭受冬季冻害,春性品系容易遭受春季冻害;大部分品系对条锈病和叶锈病表现出较好的抗性,白粉病很少发生,全部品系均遭受赤霉病病害.对筛选出的16个抗性好、产量高的品系作进一步分析,发现冬前蘖与基本苗呈极显著正相关,穗粒数与春季蘖和穗数呈极显著负相关,穗数与冬前蘖呈显著正相关.在满足综合抗病性好的基础上,冬前发育稳健且春发能力强的品系能够增强抗寒性、增加穗数、协调穗粒数,容易获得高产. 相似文献
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例1 某育种专家在农田中发现一株大穗不抗病的小麦(控制小麦穗大与穗小的基因分别用D、d表示, 控制不抗病与抗病的基因分别用T、t表示),自花授粉后获得160粒种子,这些种子发育成的小麦中有30株为大穗抗病,有x(x≠0))株为小穗抗病,其余都染病。若将这30株大穗抗病的小麦作为亲本自交,在其F1中选择大穗抗病的再进行自交,F2中能稳定遗传的大穗抗病小麦占F2中所有大穗抗病小麦的比例为多少? 解析(1)30株大穗抗病小麦的基因型为DDtt或 相似文献
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本研究在田间自然虫源条件下,以叶面积损失百分率为指标,分别于１９９７ 年和１９９８ 年鉴定了从６７２４ 份大豆资源中筛选获得的４６ 份抗感材料及５ 份江淮与南方大豆推广良种共５１ 份对食叶性害虫综合虫种的抗性差异表现。结果表明,区组间、品种间、记录日期间、年份间抗虫性有极显著差异;品种与记录日期间互作、品种与年份互作极显著;年份之间抗虫性表现极显著相关。综合１９９３ ～１９９６ 年历年田间抗性鉴定结果,从供试的大豆资源中筛选出一套对食叶性害虫表现综合抗性或综合感性的标准品种,可用于以后的抗性分级 相似文献
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采用花粉管通道法介导外源耐盐基因SeNHX1导入4个小麦品种（品系）BN-64、YM-34、BM-1和AK-58中,并对转基因D0代的主要农艺性状进行了统计分析.结果表明,与对照相比,转基因D0代植株的种子（D1代）千粒重、株高、穗长、旗叶面积均有所提高;D0代植株与对照组相比,株高差异均达到显著水平,甚至极显著水平;穗长除BM-1差异不显著外,其余受体均达显著水平.叶面积差异均达到显著水平;叶长除YM-34外,其余受体差异均达到极显著水平.叶宽与受体相比均无明显差异. 相似文献
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通过对皖麦19、内乡188两个小麦品种生育后期不倒伏及倒伏材料的研究,结果表明:同一品种株高、茎杆第二节间长及其机械强度、倒伏指数等性状在倒伏与不倒伏材料间有明显差异.同时表明,倒伏使内乡188千粒重降低11.6%,且以麦穗上部及各小穗第一粒位籽粒的粒重下降幅度最大. 相似文献
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以5个小麦品种（系）为材料,分别进行穗遮光、套透明袋、剪旗叶、剪倒二叶处理,比较不同处理对不同品种千粒重的影响,以分析不同光合器官对千粒重的贡献率.结果表明,不同处理对品种千粒重的影响因品种不同存在差异;3个处理对百农高光3709的千粒重影响均较大,尤其是穗光合对千粒重的贡献最大;不同处理对千粒重的影响基本一致;各光合器官对千粒重的贡献大小表现为：穗器官〉旗叶〉倒二叶. 相似文献
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立项背景
小麦白粉病、赤霉病、黄矮病与锈病，是我国小麦生产的主要病害。随着肥水条件的改善和矮杆、半矮杆品种的推广和自上世纪九十年代起在我国用作白粉病抗源的Pm8（携有1R／1B代换的洛类品种及1RS／1BL易位的高加索、阿芙乐尔、山前等）丧失抗性，白粉病对我国小麦生产危害有加重趋势。小麦赤霉病是我国南方麦区和东北春麦区小麦生产上最主要的病害，通常3-5年流行一次，中等流行年份减产10-15％， 相似文献
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The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height, days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering, panicle length, flag leaf length, days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill, grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents. Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R, 27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties. 相似文献
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ALAM M.F. KHAN M.R. NURUZZAMAN M. PARVEZ S. SWARAZ A.M. ALAM I. AHSAN N. 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2004,(4)
INTRODUCTIONAlthoughriceisanaturallyself-pollinatedcrop,strongheterosisisobservedintheirF1hybrids.HeterosisorhybridvigorismanifestedasimprovedperformanceforF1hybridsgeneratedbycrossingtwoinbredparents.Heterosiscanbedefinedquan-titativelyasanupwarddeviationofthemid-parent,basedonthemeanvaluesofthetwoparents(JohnsonandHutchinson,1993).Heterosismaybepositiveornegative.Dependinguponbreedingob-jectives,bothpositiveandnegativeheterosisareusefulforcropimprovement.Ingeneral,positiveheterosisisd… 相似文献
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新品系小麦赤霉病抗性的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium gram inearum Schwabe)菌株同年在大田和网室进行穗部单花滴注接种,评价江苏省农科院遗传农业生物遗传生理研究所新育成的14个新品系赤霉病抗性及白粉病田间发病情况.结果表明,所有新品系赤霉病抗性均表现出抗或中抗水平,利用与已报道的与赤霉病抗性QTL相关SSR引物对新品系进行PCR扩增,单倍型分析n1004在3BSc和4B上具有与苏麦3号完全一致的位点,n1005在2D和6B染色体上具有与苏麦3号一致的位点,在4B染色体是具有与望水白一致的位点. 相似文献
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The genetic basis of heterosis was studied through mid-parent, standard variety and better parent for 11 quantitative traits
in 17 parental lines and their 10 selected hybrids in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The characters were plant height. days to flag leaf initiation, days to first panicle initiation, days to 100% flowering,
panicle length, flag leaf length. days to maturity, number of fertile spikelet/panicle, number of effective tillers/hill,
grain yield/10-hill, and 1000-grain weight. In general the hybrids performed significantly better than the respective parents.
Significant heterosis was observed for most of the studied characters. Among the 10 hybrids, four hybrids viz., 17A×45R, 25A×37R,
27A×39R, 31A×47R, and 35A×47R showed highest heterosis in 10-hill grain yield/10-hill. Inbreeding depression of F2 progeny was also studied for 11 characters of 10 hybrids. Both positive and negative inbreeding depression were found in
many crosses for the studied characters, but none was found significant. Selection of good parents was found to be the most
important for developing high yielding hybrid rice varieties.
Project supported by the Foundation of Ministry of Science and Information and Communication Technology, People's Republic
of Bangladesh 相似文献
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为探索施氮量及种植密度对烤烟巨型变异株系YK01农艺性状的影响,借助L16（4^5）正交设计表安排正交试验,于栽后70d测量未打顶的主要农艺性状．通过多元统计分析表明：1）施氮量是影响株高的主要因子,而叶数、茎围、最大腰叶的长和宽4项指标则主要受种植密度影响,且最大腰叶长受两个因子的影响均达到0．01极显著水平,其余指标的主要因子影响均达到0．08及以上的显著或极显著水平;2）株高、最大腰叶长随施氮量的增加而增加,叶数、最大腰叶长、宽和茎围均随种植密度的增加而减少,节距与施氮量或种植密度之间无明显规律性． 相似文献
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Da-wei XUE Ming-can CHEN Mei-xue ZHOU Song CHEN Ying MAO Guo-ping ZHANG 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(12)
To understand genetic patterns of the morphological and physiological traits in flag leaf of barley, a double haploid (DH) population derived from the parents Yerong and Franklin was used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling length, width, length/width, and chlorophyll content of flag leaves. A total of 9 QTLs showing significantly additive effect were detected in 8 intervals on 5 chromosomes. The variation of individual QTL ranged from 1.9% to 20.2%. For chlorophyll content expressed as SPAD value, 4 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H; fur leaf length and width, 2 QTLs located on chromosomes 5H and 7H, and 2 QTLs located on chromosome 5H were detected; and for length/width, 1 QTL was detected on chromosome 7H. The identification of these QTLs associated with the properties of flag leaf is useful for barley improvement in breeding programs. 相似文献
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Da-wei Xue Ming-can Chen Mei-xue Zhou Song Chen Ying Mao Guo-ping Zhang 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2008,9(12):938-943
To understand genetic patterns of the morphological and physiological traits in flag leaf of barley, a double haploid (DH)
population derived from the parents Yerong and Franklin was used to determine quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling length,
width, length/width, and chlorophyll content of flag leaves. A total of 9 QTLs showing significantly additive effect were
detected in 8 intervals on 5 chromosomes. The variation of individual QTL ranged from 1.9% to 20.2%. For chlorophyll content
expressed as SPAD value, 4 QTLs were identified on chromosomes 2H, 3H and 6H; for leaf length and width, 2 QTLs located on
chromosomes 5H and 7H, and 2 QTLs located on chromosome 5H were detected; and for length/width, 1 QTL was detected on chromosome
7H. The identification of these QTLs associated with the properties of flag leaf is useful for barley improvement in breeding
programs.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30630047) and the Project on Absorption of Intellects
by Institutions of Higher Education for Academic Disciplinary Innovations (the 111 Project) (No. B06014), China 相似文献
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为准确地鉴定参试烤烟新品系在昆明烟区的适应性,给全国烟草品种的审定和区域化种植提供科学依据.2010年,昆明试点以K326为对照,对供试的7个烤烟新品系采用随机完全区组设计进行了小区品比试验.结果表明：所有参试新品系的生物学性状遗传均稳定,从生育期、田间抗病性和经济性状等综合表现来看,以YN105,QL-3和Y892优于对照K326,它们的株型均为塔型,叶片均为长椭圆形.其中,YN105的平均株高149.0 cm,单株叶数27.2片,茎围9.9 cm,节距4.2 cm,最大腰叶长宽为84.2 cm,33.2 cm,移栽至现蕾期73 d,至中心花开放期76 d,大田生育期121 d;QL-3的株高138.4 cm,单株叶数23.7片,茎围9.0 cm,节距6.1 cm,最大腰叶长宽为77.3 cm,32.4 cm,移栽至现蕾期59 d,至中心花开放期64 d,大田生育期114 d;Y892的株高136.2 cm,单株叶数24.4片,茎围10.8 cm,节距5.4 cm,最大腰叶长宽为81.4 cm,38.6 cm,移栽至现蕾期63 d,至中心花开放期66 d,大田生育期117 d.通过进一步开展烟叶品质鉴定和工业评价,有望从这3个新品系中筛选出能满足昆明烟区种植的后备品种. 相似文献