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1.
P. Chandran N. K. Kuchhal P. Garg C. S. Pundir 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2007,22(2):145-150
Chemical composition of gall stones is essential for aetiopathogensis of gallstone disease. We have reported quantitative
chemical analysis of total cholesterol bilirubin, calcium, iron and inorganic phosphate in 120 gallstones from haryana. To
extend this chemical analysis of gall stones by studying more cases and by analyzing more chemical constituents. A quantitative
chemical analysis of total cholesterol, total bilirubin, fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, bile acids, soluble proteins,
sodium potassium, magnesium, copper, oxalate and chlorides of biliary calculi (52 cholesterol, 76 mixed and 72 pigment) retrieved
from surgical operation of 200 patients from Haryana state was carried out. Total cholesterol as the major component and total
bilirubin, phospholipids, triglycerides, bile acids, fatty acids (esterified), soluble protein, calcium, magnesium, iron,
copper, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphate, oxalate and chloride as minor components were found in all types of calculi.
The cholesterol stones had higher content of total cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acids (esterified), inorganic phosphate
and copper compared to mixed and pigment stones. The mixed stones had higher content of iron and triglycerides than to cholesterol
and pigment stones. The pigment stones were richer in total bilirubin, bile acids, calcium, oxalate, magnesium, sodium, potassium,
chloride and soluble protein compared to cholesterol and mixed stones. Although total cholesterol was a major component of
cholesterol, mixed and pigment gall stone in Haryana, the content of most of the other lipids, cations and anions was different
in different gall stones indicating their different mechanism of formation. 相似文献
2.
Urinary abnormalities were evaluated in 100 renal stone patients with first episode of renal stone having age 22 to 45 years
from both sex and compared to 100 normal healthy control group having same age group from both sex. Twenty-four hours urinary
oxalate, calcium, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and citrate were estimated. The urinary pH was also determined.
In stone formers urinary oxalate, calcium, sodium and uric acid excretions were significantly higher when compared with control
group. Whereas citrate, phosphate and magnesium excretion were significantly lower in stone formers when compared with control.
The pH of urine in stone formers was lower than the controls. High dietary intake of purine rich diet causes elevated excretion
of uric acid, which leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and precipitation. Other risk factors such as urinary oxalate,
calcium also related to formation of renal calculi.
Hypocitraturia is the main cause of renal calculi along with hypomagnesiuria and hypophosphaturia in the patient of Marathwada
region. On the basis of urinary abnormalities further stone formation in the patient can be prevented by dietary modifications. 相似文献
3.
Gabriel Lima-Oliveira Gian Luca Salvagno Elisa Danese Giorgio Brocco Gian Cesare Guidi Giuseppe Lippi 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2014,24(3):359-367
Introduction:
The contamination of serum or lithium heparin blood with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) salts may affect accuracy of some critical analytes and jeopardize patient safety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lithium heparin sample contamination with different amounts of K2EDTA.Materials and methods:
Fifteen volunteers were enrolled among the laboratory staff. Two lithium heparin tubes and one K2EDTA tube were collected from each subject. The lithium-heparin tubes of each subject were pooled and divided in 5 aliquots. The whole blood of K2EDTA tube was then added in scalar amount to autologous heparinised aliquots, to obtained different degrees of K2EDTA blood volume contamination (0%; 5%; 13%; 29%; 43%). The following clinical chemistry parameters were then measured in centrifuged aliquots: alanine aminotranspherase (ALT), bilirubin (total), calcium, chloride, creatinine, iron, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), lipase, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium.Results:
A significant variation starting from 5% K2EDTA contamination was observed for calcium, chloride, iron, LD, magnesium (all decreased) and potassium (increased). The variation of phosphate and sodium (both increased) was significant after 13% and 29% K2EDTA contamination, respectively. The values of ALT, bilirubin, creatinine and lipase remained unchanged up to 43% K2EDTA contamination. When variations were compared with desirable quality specifications, the bias was significant for calcium, chloride, LD, magnesium and potassium (from 5% K2EDTA contamination), sodium, phosphate and iron (from 29% K2EDTA contamination).Conclusions:
The concentration of calcium, magnesium, potassium, chloride and LD appears to be dramatically biased by even modest K2EDTA contamination (i.e., 5%). The values of iron, phosphate, and sodium are still reliable up to 29% K2EDTA contamination, whereas ALT, bilirubin, creatinine and lipase appear overall less vulnerable towards K2EDTA contamination. 相似文献4.
Kaushik Kar Anindya Dasgupta M. Vijaya Bhaskar K. Sudhakar 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(2):232-237
Decompensation followed by death is the most serious outcome in patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. Alteration of trace elements may play a vital role in the process of decompensation. To examine the change in status of trace elements during the decompensation process, we analysed the zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, bilirubin and albumin levels in the serum of compensated (n = 34) and decompensated (n = 31) liver cirrhosis patients and compared them with healthy control group (n = 36) by post hoc ANOVA. We observed significant alteration in the selected micronutrients in the diseased group relative to healthy controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, mean serum zinc and iron levels were significantly lower with a higher level of serum copper in decompensated cirrhosis group than in compensated group (P < 0.05). However, no significant decrease of serum magnesium was found between the two diseased groups. Our findings imply that the trace elements like zinc, copper and iron might exert important contributory roles in decompensation process in liver cirrhosis and hence, may be utilized as important biomarkers for these patients. Furthermore, we propose that replacements of those micronutrients at an early stage can delay or prevent the severe outcomes like hepatic encephalopathy, gastrointestinal bleeding, severe jaundice or ascites in these patients. 相似文献
5.
The effect of DL α-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant was studied in relation to certain erythrocyte membrane parameters in
calcium oxalate stone forming rats. Induction of calcium oxalate lithiasis was done by feeding a diet containing 3% w/w sodium
glycollate. Erythrocyte membrane (Na+, K+)-ATPase showed a significant decrease in stone formers whereas (Ca2+)-ATPase showed a significant increase. Lipoic acid administration brought about an elevation in the activity of (Ca2+)-ATPase. Changes in membrane (Mg2+)-ATPase was minimal. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipids were found raised significantly in lithogenic rats. The changes
may be attributed to enhanced lipid peroxidative mechanisms and altered serum lipid profile observed in this group. Treatment
with lipoic acid reduced membrane cholesterol levels. Phospholipids were also decreased moderately. The above observations
suggest that lipoic acid administration to calculogenic rats reduces the erythrocyte strucutral changes observed in this condition. 相似文献
6.
R. S. Kanwar D. C. Merwaha R. R. Gupta P. S. Shukla S. S. Minhas S. Negi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1996,11(2):173-175
Cholesterol and phospholipids were estimated in serum and bile from hepatic duct and gallbladder of twenty five patients of gallstone with functioning gallbladder (Group-I) and an equal number of patients having diseases other than of hepatobiliary system acting as control (Group-II). Group-I patients showed high serum cholesterol and low serum phospholipid levels as compared to those of Group-II. Cholesterol levels in hepatic duct and gallbladder bile were higher in Group-I than in Group-II whereas the phospholipid levels in the bile of Group-I were lower than in Group-II. The phospholipid: cholesterol ratios in hepatic duct and gallbladder bile of Group-I were 2.76 and 3.03 respectively as compared to 5.62 and 5.92 in Group-II. 相似文献
7.
Ishrat Kareem S. A. Jaweed J. S. Bardapurkar V. P. Patil 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(2):124-127
The present study was undertaken in 100 subjects, 30 diabetics without complication (group I), 40 diabetics with retinopathy
(group II) and 30 non diabetic as normal control group (group III). Blood sugar levels, magnesium, cholesterol and triglyceride
were analyzed from plasma and serum. The results were correlated with degree of diabetic control from the levels of glycosylated
hemoglobin. Serum magnesium levels in group II were found to be significantly lowered than in group I. There was also significant
difference in magnesium levels of group I and group III. We found a significant correlation between the glycosylated hemoglobin
and magnesium levels in our study.
The results also indicate that the patients with diabetic retinopathy showed significant rise in serum cholesterol and triglyceride.
Probably hypomagnesemia and increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels are responsible for microvascular changes
in diabetes leading to retinopathy. The purpose of this study was thus to gather information about the degree of control of
diabetes and magnesium status. 相似文献
8.
R. Kumar R. Kapoor B. Mittal A. Kumar R. D. Mittal 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(2):209-215
Metabolic abnormalities were investigated in 44 stone patients with first time (group 1) and 56 with 2 times stone formation
(group 2), and in 25 normal individuals. 24hr urine was analysed spectrophotometrically for oxalate, calcium, magnesium, citrate,
uric acid, phosphate and creatinine. Hypocitraturia and hyperoxaluria were the common abnormalities in the stone formers.
Stone patients had significantly higher urinary oxalate, calcium and uric acid and lower phosphate than normal individuals.
Citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium ratio were significantly high in normal individuals than stone formers. Patients in
group 2 excreted significantly higher urinary calcium and lower citrate that patients in group 1. Citrate/calcium ratio was
higher in group 1 than group 2. Hypocitraturia, hyperoxaluria, hypercalciuria and increased citrate/calcium and magnesium/calcium
ratio seem to be an essential risk factor for stone formation. Patients with recurrent stone formation could be distinguished
from patients with first time stone formation on the basis of urinary calcium and citrate. 相似文献
9.
10.
D. C. Sharma Bhawani Kochar Ankita Bhardwaj Manminder Riyat Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):245-249
In order to scientifically evaluate the effect of copper bhasm, it was orally administered in a dose of 2 mg/day for seven
days to one month old male chicks. There was significant fall in total red cells, and rise in plasma iron, PCV and MCV indicating
hemolysis, compensated by increased heme synthesis. A significant increase in plasma iron binding capacity points to beneficial
effect of copper bhasm on liver as transferrin is synthesized in liver. Ferritin (storage iron) was unaltered in seven days
treatment. The effect of copper bhasm on tissue distribution of essential elements was variable. Calcium, sodium and potassium
were significantly increased in all the tissues. The last two may have been contributed by the bhasm itself. Magnesium behaviour
was similar to calcium. Iron and zinc showed variable effects. Copper level in whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes increased
significantly showing that copper bhasm was well absorbed and the effect observed can be ascribed to it. The bhasm was well
tolerated and no growth retardation was seen. 相似文献
11.
Gabriel Lima-Oliveira Giuseppe Lippi Gian Luca Salvagno Martina Montagnana Geraldo Picheth Gian Cesare Guidi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(3):235-241
A new device called Buzzy® has been recently presented that combines a cooling ice pack and a vibrating motor in order to relieve the venipuncture pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Buzzy® use during diagnostic blood specimen collection by venipuncture for routine immunochemistry tests. Blood was collected from 100 volunteers by a single, expert phlebotomist. A vein was located on the left forearm without applying tourniquet, in order to prevent any interference from venous stasis, and blood samples were collected using a 20-G straight needle directly into 5 mL vacuum tubes with clot activator and gel separator. In sequence, external cold and vibration by Buzzy® was applied on the right forearm—5 cm above the chosen puncture site—for 1 min before venipuncture and continued until the end of the same procedure already done in the left forearm. The panel of tests included the following: glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, c-reactive protein, urea, creatinine, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, AST, ALT, g-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total bilirubin, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, lipase, cortisol, insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine, free triiodothyronine, total thyroxine, free thyroxine and haemolysis index. Clinically significant differences between samples were found only for: total protein, albumin and transferrin. The Buzzy® can be used during diagnostic blood specimens collection by venipuncture for the majority of the routine immunochemistry tests. We only suggest avoiding this device during blood collection when protein, albumin and transferrin determinations should be performed. 相似文献
12.
R. Selvakumar S. Swaminathan J. J. Fleming 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2004,19(1):24-33
2000 vials of lyophilized QC of two different levels (low and high) were donated by Roche Diagnostics GmbH, through the IFCC
and received by CMCH in June 2001. A total of 240 la boratories were enrolled for this 6 month pilot study. In addition to
the 12 analytes in the liquid QC programme, six additional analytes, LDH, triglyceride, urate, total bilirubin, phosphate
and amylase were included. It was also possible to measure sodium and potassium by ion selective electrode (ISE) methods in
the QC for the first time.
The performance of the laboratories for the existing 12 analytes using liquid stabilized QC was compared to the performance
using lyophilized QC. Using a statistical comparison of the methodwise mean variance index score (MVIS) values, five assays
viz glucose, albumin, cholesterol, and SGOT and SGPT performance was the same in liquid QC and lyophilized QC. Three assays
viz urea, calcium and creatinine were significantly better, and 4 assays total protein, sodium, potassium and ALP were significantly
worse. However the overall VIS (OMVIS) for the laboratories was the same and the ranking pattern of this 6 month OMVIS was
also unaltered.
The lyophilized QC scheme highlighted a negative bias between flame and ISE methods for sodium and potassium, and a definite
standardization problem in reporting LDH and amylase results, but triglyceride, urate and total bilirubin assays were performing
well.
It was concluded that the introduction of lyophilized QCs will not cause any deterioration of performance to participating
laboratories. Stability of the material seems to be good and the laboratories are generally using a good reconstitution technique. 相似文献
13.
The effect of sodium pentosan polysulphate (SPP) in calcium oxalate stone forming rats was studied in relation to enzymatic changes in liver. A significant increase in liver glycollate oxidase (GAO) activity was observed in stone forming rats fed sodium glycollate. SPP treatment lowered the enzyme acitivity in both stone formers and 30 days drug treated control rats. Moderate elevation in LDH activity was seen in the calculogenic group and SPP had minimal effect. The lowering of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in stone formers was normalised with drug administration. Increases in total, Na+, K+-and Ca2+-ATPase levels in the calculogenic rats was lowered considerably with SPP treatment. Inorganic pyrophosphatase and aminotransferases were slightly reduced in glycollate-fed rats. SPP administration further lowered the pyrophosphatase level. The decrease in liver GAO during SPP administration with a consequent reduction in kidney oxalate may prove beneficial in preventing recurrence. 相似文献
14.
Fluoride content was measured in 100 urinary stones retrieved by open surgery of stone formers admitted at PGIMS Rohtak and
their respective urine and serum and compared with those of healthy individuals. The concentration of fluoride was also measured
in the sources of drinking water of these stone formers. The concentration of fluoride was definitely significantly higher
in serum (p>0.01) and highly significantly higher in urine (p>−0.001) of stone formers compared to those of healthy individuals.
The content of oxalate in serum and 24 h urine of the stone formers was also measured, which was increased significantly (p<0.005
and p<0.001) compared to healthy individuals. The concentration of fluoride was probably significantly higher in drinking
water of these stone formers than the normal ones. There was a positive correlation between the content of fluoride of urinary
stones and urine of stone patients (r=.88); stone and serum (r=.62); drinking water and stone (r=.85) and their urine and
serum (r=.54); urine and drinking water (r=.83) and serum and water (r=.51). These results indicate a definite role of fluoride
in urinary stone formation. 相似文献
15.
Lima-Oliveira G Lippi G Salvagno GL Montagnana M Picheth G Guidi GC 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2012,22(2):180-186
Introduction
The validation process is essential in accredited clinical laboratories. Aim of this study was to validate five kinds of serum vacuum tubes for routine clinical chemistry laboratory testing.Materials and methods:
Blood specimens from 100 volunteers in five diff erent serum vacuum tubes (Tube I: VACUETTE®, Tube II: LABOR IMPORT®, Tube III: S-Monovette®, Tube IV: SST® and Tube V: SST II®) were collected by a single, expert phlebotomist. The routine clinical chemistry tests were analyzed on cobas® 6000Results and conclusions:
Basically, our validation will permit the laboratory or hospital managers to select the brand’s vacuum tubes validated according him/her technical or economical reasons, in order to perform the following laboratory tests: glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, alkaline phosphatise, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, calcium, iron, sodium and potassium. On the contrary special attention will be required if the laboratory already performs creatinine, amylase, phosphate and magnesium determinations and the quality laboratory manager intend to change the serum tubes. We suggest that laboratory management should both standardize the procedures and frequently evaluate the quality of in vitro diagnostic devices. 相似文献16.
Fatemeh Moghaddam Tabrizi Firouz Ghaderi Pakdel 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2014,29(2):174-180
Concentrations of various trace elements are altered during pregnancy with changes in the mother’s physiology and the requirements of growing fetus. The aim of the present longitudinal study was to learn the changes of micronutrients Iron (Fe), Calcium (Ca), zinc (Zn) Magnesium (Mg) and copper (Cu) of pregnant woman and their relations with newborns levels. Serum levels of iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium and copper of 162 pregnant women and their newborns were determined by an inductively couple plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). The results showed that majority (41 %) of pregnant women were in age group 26–36 years 55 % had high school and diploma levels of education and the total income ranged between 3 and 5 Rials million per month There was significant difference in iron levels during first, second and third trimesters, 76.0 ± 17.8, 63.5 ± 15.2 and 70.1 ± 14.4 μg/dl respectively. Significant difference was shown in zinc levels 79.5 ± 15, 74.5 ± 16.1, and 65.3 ± 14.9 μg/dl during three trimesters. Copper levels during pregnancy were significantly different (130.9 ± 43.5, 172.0 ± 38.94, 193.2 ± 28.5 μg/dl. The serum levels of calcium and magnesium during pregnancy were constant (Ca: 8.96 ± 0.48, 8.86 ± 0.47, 8.91 ± 0.42 mg/dl and Mg: 2.10 ± 0.21, 2.08 ± 0.28, 2.09 ± 0.29 mg/dl). Results showed that 13 % of pregnant women had hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia. Thirty eight percent and 42 % of pregnant women had iron and zinc deficiency respectively. In this study, unlike zinc, no pregnant women were found deficient in serum copper levels. Calcium, iron, zinc, copper and magnesium levels in the newborn’s cord blood were 8.93 ± 0.43, 106.0 ± 26.1, 85.35 ± 16.6, 57.04 ± 13.8 and 1.99 ± 0.27 mg/dl respectively. In the present study the levels of iron and zinc in cord blood were higher than the levels of iron and zinc in maternal serum. The mean level of copper in cord blood serum in the current study was lower than maternal values. The mean serum calcium and magnesium in the serum cord blood and in the serum of the pregnant women were similar. 相似文献
17.
S. K. Bansal A. K. Gupta A. Bansal V. S. Rajput L. D. Joshi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1992,7(1):27-29
Gallstones from 24 female patients were subjected to quantitative chemical analysis. Two main categories of stones were identified:
(1) Ten cholesterol stones with 93.38% cholesterol and only 0.17% bilirubin. (2) Mixed stones with cholesterol below 65%.
They were sub-divided in two groups: (a) Six stones having 0.5% bilirubin and (b) Eight stones having 0.5% bilirubin. The
calcium of cholesterol and mixed stones was comparable while phosphorus contents in cholesterol stones were low by over 30%
in mixed stones. 相似文献
18.
The effect of sodium pentosan polysulphate (SPP), was studied in relation to certain blood and erythrocyte membrane parameters in calcium oxalate stone forming rats. Calcium oxalate stones were induced by feeding the rats with 3% w/w sodium glycollate. Fibrinogen, haemoglobin and serum protein levels did not show any variation with the treatment procedures. Serum mucoprotein and protein bound carbohydrates-hexosamine and sialic acid-were increased significantly in the rats receiving calculogenic (CPD) and attained nearly normal levels with SPP treatment. In contrast, hexuronic acid level was decreased in the CPD group and SPP administration increased the level of hexuronic acid in the treated groups. Erythrocyte membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity was increased in stone forming rats and SPP administration brought a reduction in the above enzyme activity. Changes in Membrane Mg2+- and Na+, K+-ATPases were minimal. Membrane cholesterol and phospholipids were also raised significantly in stone formers, SPP treatment reduced the membrane cholesterol levels in both controls and stone formers. Phospholipids were also decreased moderately. The above observations suggest that SPP is safe for administration in urolithiatic condition without adverse effects. 相似文献
19.
R. Baskar N. Saravanan P. Varalakshmi 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1995,10(2):98-102
The influence of Crataeva nurvala bark decoction was studied in calcium oxalate stone forming rats, in relation to oxalate
metabolism in liver. The activities of the major oxalate synthesizing enzymes in liver namely, glycollate oxidase (GAO) and
lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in the calculogenic group. Bark decoction treatment lowered the liver
GAO activity considerably. Transport ATPases (Na+, K+ and Ca2+-ATPases) and alkaline phosphatase were enhanced in rats fed calculi producing diet, while the activities of acid phosphatase,
inorganic pyrophosphatase and aminotransferases were slightly reduced. Bark decoction administration produced a marginal decrease
in Na+, K+-ATPase and increase in aspartate aminotransferase activities, without significantly altering other enzyme activities. The
decrease in liver GAO activity seen during bark decoction treatment, with concomitant decrease in kidney oxalate level, may
prove beneficial as a prophylactic measure in preventing stone recurrence. 相似文献
20.
Effect of pyridoxine (Vitamin-B6) supplementation on calciuria and oxaluria levels of 20 normal healthy persons and 17 urinary stone patients has been studied.
Mean 24 hr urinary calcium and oxalate levels of controls (healthy persons) and stone patients were estimated in presupplementation
period and at every 20 days interval during supplementation. Stone patients were divided into two groups viz., mild hyperoxaluriacs
and moderate hyperoxaluriacs, based on their pre-supplementation (base line) oxaluria levels. 60 days of pyridoxine supplementation,
at the rate of 10 mg/day, resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.01 for mild hyperoxaluriacs and p<0.001 for moderate hyperoxaluriacs)
in mean 24 hr urinary oxalate levels of urinary stone patients. The corresponding decrement in mean oxaluria level of controls
was, however, only mild. The decrease of mean calciuria level of controls as well as stone patients, upon pyridoxine supplementation,
were also found to be only mild and not significant. Utility of pyridoxine therapy in oxalate urolithiasis has been discussed
in the light of results. 相似文献