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耗竭运动对大鼠肝脏线粒体能量转换功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以ＳＤ大鼠递增负荷跑台跑为运动模型，观察了耗竭运动对大鼠肝脏线粒体能量转换功能的影响。应用极谱法分别测定了以苹果酸＋谷氨酸为呼吸底物和琥珀酸为呼吸底物时线粒体态４呼吸速率（Ｒ４）、态３呼吸速率（Ｒ３）、呼吸控制比（ＲＣＲ）、及磷氧比（ＡＤＰ／Ｏ）。结果显示，苹果酸＋谷氨酸为呼吸底物时，Ｒ４增加６４．７６％（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＲＣＲ下降１５．０５％（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＡＤＰ／Ｏ下降１２．１７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以琥珀酸为底物时，Ｒ４增力０２３．６７％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＲＣＲ下降１２．３１％（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＡＤＰ／Ｏ下降１１．７６％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明高能质子非特异性渗漏增加，氧化磷酸化偶联程度降低。以苹果酸＋谷氨酸为呼吸底物的Ｒ３显著性增高４１．１４％（Ｐ＜０．００１），推测是由体内ＡＴＰ水平下降，致使线粒体呼吸速率代偿性加快。以琥珀酸为底物的Ｒ３略有增高，但没有显著差异。实验结果表明，耗竭运动后肝线粒体苹果酸＋谷氨酸启动的呼吸及琥珀酸启动的呼吸都受到损害。而且，前者损害程度大于后者。 相似文献
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过度运动激活中性粒细胞产生的活性氧对淋巴细胞DNA损伤及干预研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:探讨过度运动激活中性粒细胞NADPH氧化酶介导产生的活性氧(ROS)对淋巴细胞DNA损伤的影响及实施二联苯碘(DPI)干预作用.方法:30只雄性Vistar大鼠随机分为3组,安静组(C,n=10)、过度训练组(E,n=10)和DPI干预组(D,n=10),E组和D组进行递增负荷跑台训练11周,末次训练结束后在36～40 h内各组随机取8只眼眶静脉采血.应用ELISA方法检测血浆细胞因子水平及血液中脂质过氧化水平;提取白细胞用AnnexinV/PI双染色法流式测定中性粒细胞凋亡与坏死程度;免疫细胞化学的激光共聚焦法测定NADPH氧化酶关键亚基的gp91 phox与p47phox的共定位;单细胞凝胶电泳测定淋巴细胞的DNA损伤程度.结果:1)与C组比较.E组血浆IL-1b显著性升高,IL-8、TNF-α显著升高(分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05),MCP-1与CINC显著性下降(P＜0.05);而D组血浆IL-1b、MCP-1显著下降(P＜0.05),IL-8、TNF-α显著性升高(P＜0.05);E组和D组大鼠血浆慨、MPO水平均上升(分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05);2)与C组相比,E组、D组中性粒细胞性凋亡的百分比均显著上升(P＜0.01),但中性粒细胞的死亡数E组增加(P＜0.05)而D组无显著变化;3)与C组比较,E组出现DNA损伤的彗星细胞数非常显著性升高(P＜0.01),且彗星细胞的宽度和尾长的变化均达到显著性水平,而D组的变化均未达到显著性水平;4)中性粒细胞的共聚焦染色定位显示:与安静组对照比较,E组出现了NADPH氧化酶关键亚基的gp91phox与p47phox的共定位.结论:1)过度运动可引起外周血炎性因子和趋化分子分泌的增加,从而有可能诱发组织炎症的发生和而调节T淋巴细胞的分化;2)过度运动可激活外周血中性粒细胞的NADPH氧化酶介导产生过多的ROS使血液的脂质过氧化水平提高;3)由此途径产生的ROS的增多和血液过氧化水平的提高可能引起中性粒细胞本身的凋亡甚至死亡和淋巴细胞的DNA损伤:4)由此途径产生的ROS的增多、吞噬细胞及淋巴细胞的过氧化损伤、炎性因子及免疫调节因子的变化等多因素可调节细胞免疫,是过度运动引起的运动型免疫抑制的可能因素. 相似文献
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目的:探讨过度训练及补充谷氨酰胺对大鼠额叶皮质中BDNF、NGF、NT-3及其mRNA和核转录因子p-CREB水平的影响.方法:60只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(C组)、过度训练组(E组)、谷氨酰胺补充组(G组),E组和G组进行递增负荷跑台训练11周,最后一次训练结束后36 h断头分离额叶皮质.应用ELISA方法检测BDNF、NGF、NT-3的蛋白含量,Real time-PCR方法检测BDNF、NGF、NT-3的mRNA转录,Western blot检测p-CREB的蛋白表达.结果:与C组比较,E组额叶皮质中BDNF和NGF蛋白含量显著升高(分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05),NT-3水平显著下降(P＜0.05),与E组比较,G组额叶皮质中BDNF和NGF显著下降(分别为P＜0.01和P＜0.05);与C组比较,E组额叶皮质中BDNF和NGF mRNA的表达水平显著升高(均为P＜0.05),与E组比较,G组额叶皮质中BDNFmRNA的表达水平显著下降(P＜0.05);与C组比较,E组额叶皮质中p-CREB表达水平显著升高(P＜0.05),与E组比较,G组额叶皮质中p-CREB的表达水平显著降低(P＜0.05).结论:过度训练可明显影响大鼠额叶皮质中BDNF、NGF及其mRNA和p-CREB的表达水平;谷氨酰胺补充可在一定程度上逆转大鼠过度训练时额叶皮质中BDNF及其mRNA的表达水平,同时伴随p-CREB表达水平的变化. 相似文献
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Ran Yanovich Itay Ketko Jeni Muginshtein-Simkovitch Einat Yanovich Uri Eliyahu Chen Fleischmann 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):307-317
ABSTRACTPurpose: Heat intolerance (HI) is determined in the Israel Defense Force according to a heat tolerance test (HTT) before returning to duty after an exertional heat stroke (EHS) event. Recently, increased numbers of female combatants resulted in an increased number of EHS cases among women and a higher percentage of heat intolerance (HI) individuals. We aimed to evaluate the differences between tolerance to heat among women performing an HTT in relation to their menstrual cycle phase. Method: Thirty-three female participants were sorted into two groups: HI and heat tolerant (HT) according to two HTTs performed during both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle or while consuming and during a break from consuming contraceptives. Results: HT women had an 18% higher maximal oxygen uptake (p < .005, 95% CI [2.6,9.8]) and 1.2% lower skin temperature in the HTT at the during and follicular phases (p < .01, 95% CI [0.12,0.77]) and 1.7% lower at the off and luteal phases (p < .001, 95% CI [0.34,0.92]). The mean sweat rate was 14% lower among the HI group only at the HTT at the during and follicular phases (p < .05, 95% CI (3,88)]). Conclusion: We found that HT can be predicted using aerobic capacity and core body temperature. Moreover, during the luteal phase, women presented altered thermoregulation that decreased the probability of being HT. This emphasizes the importance of considering the HT/HI criteria in the HTT for women, according to their aerobic ability and menstrual-cycle phase. 相似文献
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为探讨有氧运动在预防和改善动脉粥样硬化发生发展过程中对主动脉一氧化碳(CO)的影响,子高脂膳食建立大鼠动脉粥样硬化模型过程中,施以不同强度的有氧运动,8周后检测主动脉CO含量。结果显示,在动脉粥样硬化发生发展中,每天60分钟和120分钟的游泳训练,大鼠主动脉CO含量显著升高,分别增加了37 37%和51 60%(P<0 01)。提示有氧运动刺激主动脉产生CO增加,可能是其预防和改善动脉粥样硬化发生发展的机制之一。 相似文献
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间歇性低氧运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体解偶联蛋白3（UCP3）表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：探讨间歇性低氧运动对肥胖及正常SD大鼠骨骼肌线粒体解偶联蛋白-3表达的影响。方法：将100只雄性健康大鼠随机分为正常对照组（40只）和肥胖造模组（60只），从造模成功的SD大鼠中挑选40只，随机分为肥胖常氧安静组（A组）、肥胖常氧运动组（B组）、肥胖低氧安静组（C组）和肥胖低氧运动组（D组）。正常对照组随机分为正常常氧安静组（E组）、正常常氧运动组（F组）、正常低氧运动组（G组）和正常低氧安静组（H组），每组10只。第4周末次运动后24h左右进行采样，采样前所有大鼠禁食过夜，取后肢骨骼肌匀浆提取线粒体，用western blot的方法测定肥胖大鼠以及正常组大鼠的骨骼肌线粒体UCP3的蛋白表达水平。结果：正常组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白表达明显高于造模组大鼠（P〈0．05）；低氧安静及运动组大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达均明显高于常氧安静组（P〈0．05）；低氧或运动对大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达的影响与大鼠的体脂百分比有呈负相关的趋势。结论：肥胖大鼠骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达低于正常大鼠，4周的有氧运动以及间歇性低氧刺激使骨骼肌线粒体UCP3蛋白的表达增加，运动与间歇性低氧刺激相结合能使骨骼肌线粒体UCP3的表达水平高于单一的运动或间歇性低氧刺激。而且，低氧刺激以及低氧刺激与运动相结合使得大鼠的体重、体脂百分比降低幅度比单一的运动更加明显。 相似文献
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运动对女子柔道运动员女性激素影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以放免分析法研究了运动对9名女子柔道运动员及8名未受训练的正常女子的女性激素。结果显示:运动后,两组受试者在其月经周期的黄体期,血浆E_2、P均显著增加,血浆T在卵泡期及黄体期均见显著增加。 相似文献
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目的:通过分析运动对老年小鼠骨骼肌脂肪酸转位酶(fatty acid translocase,FAT/CD36)向细胞膜和/或线粒体膜转位及其在脂筏中定位的影响,探讨FAT/CD36表达及转位机制在有氧运动改善老年小鼠骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性中的作用。方法:首先,利用siRNA干扰技术,在C2C12细胞中进行FAT/CD36基因敲低,探讨FAT/CD36基因缺乏对骨骼肌细胞胰岛素信号通路的影响。其次,将56周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为2组,老年对照组(aging control,AC;n=10)和老年运动组(aging exercise,AE;n=10)。有氧运动干预16周。RT-PCR法检测FAT/CD36及其他脂肪酸转运载体mRNA水平。Western blotting法检测FAT/CD36蛋白表达及胰岛素信号通路磷酸化水平。免疫荧光法分别检测FAT/CD36与小窝蛋白-1(Caveolin-1)及电压依赖性阴离子通道蛋白(voltage-dependent anion channel,VDAC)的共定位程度。结果:FAT/CD36基因缺乏能够激活骨骼肌细胞AKT/ERK信号通路。与AC组相比,AE组FAT/CD36和CPT-1的mRNA水平明显降低(P<0.05),其他脂肪酸转运载体m RNA水平变化不显著(P>0.05)。与AC相比,AE组FAT/CD36蛋白水平明显降低(P<0.05),AKT/ERK磷酸化水平明显升高(P<0.05)。免疫荧光结果显示,运动诱导FAT/CD36向细胞膜转位,而非向线粒体膜转位。结论:FAT/CD36在调节骨骼肌胰岛素信号通路中具有重要作用,并且运动可能通过调节FAT/CD36的表达及转位预防衰老诱导的骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性下降。 相似文献
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Morgan E. Chaffin Kris E. Berg Jessica R. Meendering Tamra L. Llewellyn Jeffrey A. French Jeremy E. Davis 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):693-701
The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and delayed onset muscles soreness (DOMS) exists in two different phases of the menstrual cycle. Nine runners performed one 75-min high-intensity interval running session during the early follicular (EF) phase and once during the midluteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly reduced in the EF phase when compared to the ML phase. IL-6 levels increased from pre- to postexercise in the EF and ML phases (p < .001). There was no relationship between the IL-6 level and DOMS. The results suggest that menstruating female runners need not vary training throughout the month to reduce DOMS. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(5):472-478
PurposeMonoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (MGAT1) is reported to play a key role in the development of diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, this study investigated the effect of exercise on suppression of the MGAT1 pathway in NAFLD tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats.MethodsMale Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an HFD containing 45% fat for 6 weeks. Upon confirmation that NAFLD had been induced in the obese animals, they were divided into HFD-fed groups provided with exercise (HFD + EXE) or without exercise (HFD) and a group given dietary adjustment (DA) only, for a further 6 weeks of intervention treatment. The 6-week regular moderate aerobic exercise consisted of an accommodation phase with increasing exercise. Lipid accumulation in the liver tissue was determined by Oil Red O staining. The MGAT1 and liver lipogenic gene mRNA levels were measured by qPCR, and their protein levels by western blot assay.ResultsOil Red O staining showed that NAFLD was successfully induced by HFD-fed. The gene expression of MGAT1 was significantly lower in HFD + EXE than HFD. However, there was no significant difference between HFD + EXE and DA. The protein expression of MGAT1 was significantly lower in HFD + EXE than both HFD and DA. Messenger RNA and protein expression of other lipogenic genes were not different among groups. These data indicate that exercise suppresses MGAT1 pathway regardless of HFD feeding; in part, this effect could be greater than DA.ConclusionOur data suggest that exercise can improve NAFLD, which is probably due to suppression of MGAT1 pathway. 相似文献
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脂肪酸转位酶(FAT/CD36)调节骨骼肌线粒体脂肪酸代谢,运动中FAT/CD36不仅增加脂肪酸跨膜转运而且还提高线粒体脂肪酸氧化能力.胰岛素抵抗与FAT/CD36协同调节长链脂肪酸(LCFA)运输、氧化.胰岛素抵抗减少脂肪酸氧化、增加肌肉血脂,线粒体含量减少可能降低骨骼肌LCFA氧化能力.最新研究表明胰岛素抵抗肌肉中... 相似文献
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Chaffin ME Berg KE Meendering JR Llewellyn TL French JA Davis JE 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):693-701
The purpose of this study was to determine if a difference in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and delayed onset muscles soreness (DOMS) exists in two different phases of the menstrual cycle. Nine runners performed one 75-min high-intensity interval running session during the early follicular (EF) phase and once during the midluteal (ML) phase of the menstrual cycle. Estrogen and progesterone levels were significantly reduced in the EF phase when compared to the ML phase. IL-6 levels increased from pre- to postexercise in the EF and ML phases (p < .001). There was no relationship between the IL-6 level and DOMS. The results suggest that menstruating female runners need not vary training throughout the month to reduce DOMS. 相似文献
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目的研究运动联合吗啡预处理对大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的延迟保护作用,探讨二者协同作用机制。方法雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分成6组:假手术组(sham,n=8),缺血再灌注模型组(I/R,n=8),运动预处理组(E,n=8),吗啡预处理组(M,n=8),联合预处理组(EM,n=8),纳洛酮组(ENM,n=8)。实验动物采用戊巴比妥钠40 mg/kg腹腔麻醉,开胸结扎左冠状动脉前降支(LAD)制备I/R模型。运动预处理采用间歇性跑台运动,35 m/min运动15 min,间歇5 min,重复3次,连续3 d。所用组预处理24 h后再制备I/R模型,再灌注结束后取血测心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),取心肌测iNOS、Mn-SOD、MDA含量,在I/R过程中记录HR、MAP,计算RPP。结果与I/R组相比,联合组RPP显著增加;与I/R组相比,除纳洛酮组其余各组心肌iNOS均显著增加,联合组心肌Mn-SOD显著增加,MDA显著降低;与E组和M组相比,联合组心肌iNOS、Mn-SOD均显著增加,MDA显著下降。结论运动联合吗啡预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注具有延迟性保护作用,二者间存在协同效应,其信号通路主要是由阿片肽受体后途经介导的,效应物涉及Mn-SOD和NO。 相似文献
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Twenty highly trained, eumenorrhoeic female endurance runners were studied over three consecutive menstrual cycles. Average training distance per week, total years training and mood states were recorded throughout the three cycles. Salivary progesterone and menstrual cycle diaries were recorded over the first two cycles to identify luteal phase onset and the presence of any menstrual irregularities. Saliva samples were collected daily over the third cycle for analysis of immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration and secretion and saliva flow rate. Twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in mood states across the phases of the menstrual cycle ( P > 0.05). Training logs indicated that training did not alter throughout the 3 month study. One-way ANOVArevealed no significant differences in IgA concentration ( P = 0.92), secretion rate ( P = 0.84) or saliva flow rate ( P = 0.95) across the phases of the menstrual cycle. Pearson's product-moment correlation revealed no relationship between IgA concentration and progesterone between the phases of the cycle ( r = 0.39). We conclude that, in ovulatory female endurance runners whose physical and emotional stress are stable, IgA concentration is not significantly affected by fluctuations in progesterone during the menstrual cycle. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(5):594-603
PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1 (FSTL1), which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction (MI) by inducing angiogenesis.MethodsMale, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12 in each group): sham group (S), sedentary MI group (MI), MI + resistance exercise group (MR), MI + adeno-associated virus (AAV)–FSTL1 injection group (MA), and MI + AAV–FSTL1 injection + resistance exercise group (MAR). The AAV–FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle. The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson's staining. Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1. Angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A) location were observed by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of FSTL1, DIP2A, and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment. One-way analysis of variance and Student's t test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsResistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1, which promoted myocardial angiogenesis, inhibited pathological remodeling, and protected cardiac function in MI rats. Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart. Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A, while TGFβR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, which was not conducive to angiogenesis. FSTL1 bound to the receptor, DIP2A, to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. FSTL1–DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFβR1.ConclusionDynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1, which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A–Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats. 相似文献
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饮食和运动干预对高脂饮食性肥胖大鼠心室肌胶原纤维的影响及可能机制探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:研究饮食和运动干预对高脂饮食性肥胖大鼠左心室心肌胶原纤维的影响,并对其可能的机制进行探讨。方法:将3周龄SD健康雄性大鼠随机分为正常组和高脂饮食组,后者在第8周时选取体重超出正常对照组平均体重20%的大鼠为肥胖大鼠,再分为肥胖对照组、饮食干预组与运动和饮食联合干预组,第16周时处死。用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测定心肌AT1RmRNA表达;免疫组化法测定心肌ACE蛋白的表达;采用放射免疫法测定心肌组织中AngⅡ的含量;采用羟脯氨酸法测定心肌胶原含量;苦味酸—天狼星红染色大鼠心脏切片,并用医学图像分析系统检测大鼠左心室心肌胶原容积分数。结果:肥胖大鼠存在严重的血脂紊乱,心肌胶原含量、心肌组织AngⅡ含量、AT1RmRNA、ACE蛋白表达显著增加;饮食干预组大鼠血脂紊乱程度减轻,心肌胶原含量、心肌组织AngⅡ的含量、AT1RmRNA和ACE蛋白表达均有降低;运动和饮食联合干预组大鼠体重下降显著,心肌胶原含量、心肌组织AngⅡ的含量、AT1RmRNA、ACE蛋白表达下降更显著。结论:高脂饮食性肥胖大鼠存在心肌胶原纤维过度堆积的现象,并与心肌组织AngⅡ的含量、ACE、AT1RmRNA的表达改变有关。单纯性饮食疗法可以减缓心肌纤维化程度和进展,饮食和运动联合干预可以使心肌纤维化早期良性逆转。 相似文献
20.
Twenty highly trained, eumenorrhoeic female endurance runners were studied over three consecutive menstrual cycles. Average training distance per week, total years training and mood states were recorded throughout the three cycles. Salivary progesterone and menstrual cycle diaries were recorded over the first two cycles to identify luteal phase onset and the presence of any menstrual irregularities. Saliva samples were collected daily over the third cycle for analysis of immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration and secretion and saliva flow rate. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no significant differences in mood states across the phases of the menstrual cycle (P > 0.05). Training logs indicated that training did not alter throughout the 3 month study. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences in IgA concentration (P = 0.92), secretion rate (P = 0.84) or saliva flow rate (P = 0.95) across the phases of the menstrual cycle. Pearson's product-moment correlation revealed no relationship between IgA concentration and progesterone between the phases of the cycle (r = 0.39). We conclude that, in ovulatory female endurance runners whose physical and emotional stress are stable, IgA concentration is not significantly affected by fluctuations in progesterone during the menstrual cycle. 相似文献