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1.
信息技术进步使文献计量学的发展路径越来越广阔。本研究阐述了信息技术对文献计量学的基础支撑和研究方法产生的影响,认为科学计量学、信息计量学、网络计量学和替代计量学是现代信息技术进步的产物,它们继承了文献计量学的理论基础和基本方法,丰富了文献计量学的学科体系,又形成了自己独特的分支学科特征。我国文献计量学也受到现代信息技术进步的深刻影响,尤其在测度方法、研究对象、研究内容以及应用范围等方面已经紧随国际潮流与趋势,但理论研究仍相对薄弱,网络环境下的计量分析仍有待加强。 相似文献
2.
基于引文中心性图谱的科学计量学发展及预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科学文献的引文中心性分析方法,可以用来识别与跟踪学科发展过程中的核心主题的变化趋势,并进行科学发展预测。以国际科学计量学权威期刊《科学计量学》于1978-2007年发表的1957篇论文的39 200条引文为数据样本,绘制《科学计量学》引文中心性网络图谱。该图谱清晰地揭示出,科学计量学的发展阶段及将来趋势,主要包括：理论奠基阶段;引文分析发展阶段;科学合作计量研究阶段;科学评价阶段;科学知识图谱与信息可视化发展阶段;大科学时代的科学计量研究阶段;信息计量学发展阶段;三螺旋创新计量与纳米等新兴科技领域计量研究将成为下一阶段科学计量学研究的核心主题方向。 相似文献
3.
潜伟 《科学学与科学技术管理》2002,23(10):9-12
FGA方法使科学图形这种知识载体的计量成为可能，是科学图形计量学的肇始。科学图形具有将随机的现象变成简练的、可传播的、有说服力的形式，拉图尔的科学图形主义是科学图形计量学的理论基础。科学图形计量学的外延扩展成为知识图形计量学，它们分别是科学计量学和知识计量学的重要组成部分。 相似文献
4.
科学评价的理论基础研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
科学评价的理论基础是一个理论集合体，由多学科理论共同构成。科学评价理论基础主要来源于以下学科理论：哲学中的价值论和认识论；劳动价值理论；文献计量学、科学计量学、知识计量学和经济计量学理论；比较与分类理论；信息管理科学理论；科学管理与科学决策理论等。 相似文献
5.
信息计量学研究的新视角--评<信息计量学研究> 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《信息计量学研究》一书中对信息计量学的基础与结构进行了初步研究，形成了基本研究体系，总重基础与结构的理论深化与学科体系建构，使我国信息计量学研究达到了新的高度。其特色主要体现在以下几点：发现和描述了“信息基本循环图式”，它是信息计量学的发生学意义的逻辑起点，并基于此探讨了信息计量学的“他律性”基础与“自律性”基础；具体归纳和描述了信息计量学的内容结构与形式结构，从而给出了信息计量学不断发展的开放的有序化学科体系结构；在方法论方面着重进行了友色系统理论方法、分形理论方法的引入与应用研究，以及信息流规律的公理化体系的建构；力图突破文献计量、科学计量的范围，开展面对信息基本循环过程的信息计量研究，涉及社会信息系统的体制、机制、活动与现念的全方位研究，提出了不少新的见解。 相似文献
6.
历史计量学又称计量史学,是指用统计分析方法、计算机技术来对历史数据进行分析研究。国外心理学家、科学哲学家将历史计量学元理论的概念首次引入心理学领域,试图建立一种以历史计量学理论为起点的新的科学哲学体系,这一思想的核心就是用历史计量学的方法改造传统科学哲学中的个案研究,从而使科学哲学研究建立在更可靠的统计学基础之上。 相似文献
7.
述评我国的五部科学计量学著作 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对上世纪 90年代以来我国出版的五部科学计量学著作 :《科学计量学———指标·模型·应用》、《科学计量研究方法论》、《科学技术指标与评价方法———科技计量学应用》、《科研评价与指标》和《社会科学评价的文献计量理论与方法》进行了综述。 相似文献
8.
近年来,科学计量学研究相当活跃,出现了信息计量学、情报计量学、网络计量学等分支学科,产生了不同的研究流派。笔者对科学计量学发展中的一些问题进行了思考,包括科学计量学的研究内容、研究过程等的思考,以及对于普赖斯科技文献增长模型、科学计量指标与同行评议的思考等,对目前科学计量学的局限性和未来发展趋势做了总结。 相似文献
9.
情报计量学的几个基本问题研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
情报学家过去一直把文献计量学看成是情报学的定量研究学科。自前西德学者奥托·纳克1979年提出“情报计量学”以来,经过布鲁克斯等人的深入研究,西方情报学的定量研究科学逐渐完成由文献计量学向情报计量学的历史性转变。本文追溯了情报计量学产生的历史背景和情报计量学术语的流行状况,考察了情报计量学与文献计量学、科学计量学在研究对象、研究方法等方面的重合、搭界之处和不同之处,提出了情报的定义与计量、多维情报计量模型方法和结构情报公式这些情报学发展的基础性问题。 相似文献
10.
文献计量学科学计量学情报计量学的发展 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
1998年12月3日至12月6日,"大学科研量化评价国际研讨会暨第五次全国科学计量学情报计量学年会"在北京举行.这次国际学术研讨会是在国家自然科学基金委员会国际合作局和管理科学部的大力支持下,由中国科学学与科技政策研究会科学计量学委员会发起和组织,联合中央教育科学研究所高教研究中心等8个单位共同主办的. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献