共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
从精英阶段、大众化阶段到普及化阶段,研究型大学的治理发生了较大变化,主要特征是从学者治理发展为学校治理再发展到学术治理。治理变迁与研究型大学的内外部动力机制变化密切相关：单一外部机制和静态内部机制造就学者治理,多重外部机制和稳态内部机制要求学校治理,多重外部机制和动态内部机制催生学术治理。当前研究型大学的治理普遍面临内部自由探索与外部问责张力加强、全球规范机制与本国实践矛盾加深这两大时代挑战,中国研究型大学要回应好普及化时代的挑战,先要涵育理性、自主的现代品质。 相似文献
2.
从高校科研经费管理和使用过程中存在的问题入手,深入分析问题产生的根源,阐明对科研经费进行内部审计是国家和高校内部加强管理的需求。结合美国科研经费管理特点,论述开展高校科研经费审计的有效途径,重点介绍科研经费财务收支审计的目标、原则、方式及内容,提出加强高校科研经费绩效审计的观点和方法。 相似文献
3.
Efrat Eilam Stephen W. Bigger Kirsten Sadler Fiachra Barry Tom Bielik 《Higher Education Quarterly》2016,70(4):419-448
This paper addresses the positioning of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) outreach programmes within universities’ operations. Though universities in many respects form a rather homogenous international community, there is wide diversity in regard to the provision of STEM outreach by different institutions. To explain this diversity, a conceptual framework was developed by using the Theory of Legitimacy as an organising concept. The framework considers two opposing scenarios that form a continuum between them, namely: ‘top‐down’ initiative by the university governance versus ‘bottom‐up’ grass‐roots initiative. Using the Theory of Legitimacy, internal and external outreach relationships are characterised and explained under the two scenarios. The framework was applied to two settings chosen due to their essential differences in outreach provision, namely, Australia and Israel. The differences that were found in internal and external legitimacy provide a useful lens for examining the low‐performing, fragile system in Australia as compared with the high‐performing, thriving system in Israel. 相似文献
4.
Higher education and its communities: Interconnections, interdependencies and a research agenda 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Universities everywhere are being forced to carefully reconsider their role in society and to evaluate the relationships with
their various constituencies, stakeholders, and communities. In this article, stakeholder analysis is put forward as a tool to assist universities in classifying stakeholders and determining stakeholder salience. Increasingly
universities are expected to assume a third mission and to engage in interactions with industrial and regional partners. While incentive schemes and government programmes try
to encourage universities to reach out more to external communities, some important barriers to such linkages still remain.
To fulfil their obligation towards being a socially accountable institution and to prevent mission overload, universities will have to carefully select their stakeholders and identify the ‘right’ degree of differentiation. For the
university, thinking in terms of partnerships with key stakeholders has important implications for its governance and accountability
arrangements. For the future of the universities we foresee a change towards networked governance and arrangements to ensure accountability along the lines of corporate social responsibility. In order to further explore some of these concepts and to empirically investigate the tendencies suggested here, this article
proposes an ambitious research agenda for tackling the emerging issues of governance, stakeholder management and higher education’s
interaction with society. 相似文献
5.
This article presents recent reform processes in Japanese higher education, concerning the tensions emerging within the system
regarding ‘excellence’ and ‘diversity’. The article particularly focuses on how Japanese universities have reacted to the
recent ‘competition’ and ‘differentiation’ policy promoted by the government, drawing on recent survey results conducted with
academic managers at Japanese universities. It is interesting to examine the case of Japan, a historically diversified and
differentiated national system, which has been changing rapidly with recent national ‘top-down’ policy reforms, followed by
more recent and new bottom-up institutional initiatives. The study shows that universities are trying to achieve excellence, fulfilling different functions at the same time, aspiring to be excellent in teaching, research and social contribution
without having institutional capacity to meet these expectations. Appropriate internal governance and external mediation mechanisms
need to be created at the institutional level to manage diversification of the higher education system as a whole. 相似文献
6.
This paper presents research from a small-scale study analysing how graduates and alumni feature in the strategic plans of all Irish universities (n?=?7). The data suggest that the word ‘graduate’ is used to describe the work of the university as an enabler for the graduate, to prepare for the employment to acquire key skills, towards a foundation of ‘graduateness’ such as reflective thinking, moral reasoning and lifelong learning aligning with the institution’s key performance indicators. In contrast, ‘alumni’ are featured related to alumnus/alumna success. Irish Higher Education Institutions view alumni as a key enabler to contribute to the university’s mission and vision: through giving, both of their time and philanthropic donations. Based on the strategic plan discourse, the role of alumni in Irish universities suggests a similar trend, relying on alumni as an internal stakeholder with an external ability to offer value to the institution. 相似文献
7.
F. Keith Sellar 《Higher Education in Europe》1989,14(2):76-83
The effective exploitation of the applicable resources in the Higher Education (H.E.) Sector of the European Community has been accepted as a major factor for future economic prosperity. Member States have, however, to‐date, not obtained the optimal benefit from these resources, as, inter alia, their commercialization and marketing have not been effectively implemented. It has also been recognized that strong and efficient transnational linkages, bringing together research expertise throughout the Community, are essential if the challenges from Japan and the United States are to be met on world markets. The identification and removal of the impediments inhibiting beneficial academic technology transfer are therefore fundamental pre‐requisites for successful utilization and exploitation. Some of the perceived impediments can be categorized as: Basic ‐‐ impediments common to Member States, including the mental/attitudinal gap between the H.E. and the Industrial Sectors; Institutional ‐‐ basic impediments in academic institutions, in particular, the absence of factors needed to generate the required environment for beneficial technology transfer; Industrial ‐‐ impediments, such as the inability to identify the actual needs of Industry; Governmental ‐‐ impediments arising from a lack of assessment of governmental policies, i.e. the ownership of publicly funded research results. The removal of impediments will require empirical studies on their causes, a task which will entail the services of staff trained and experienced in all aspects of academic technology transfer. It will also necessitate cultural and organizational changes both in the H.E. and the Industrial Sectors. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Education & Work》2012,25(1):75-89
Abstract In this paper I take the opportunity to explore some ideas about the work‐related curriculum which arise, both directly and indirectly, out of several projects with which I have recently been involved, namely, the national evaluations of the Lower Attaining Pupils Programme (Stradling and Saunders, 1991), the management of TVEI Extension (Saunders et.al. 1991), and the operation of Compacts (Saunders and Morris, 1992). The initiatives are (or were) all concerned with providing a work‐related curriculum for young people in their last two years of compulsory schooling, with the aim of easing the transition to adult and working life. But these evaluations show that if the principle of ‘entitlement’ is not built into work‐related provision, its key messages ‐‐ on relevance and incentives ‐‐ are likely to be unrealised. That the work‐related curriculum needs to be developed through partnership between education and industry is now almost a truism; but partnership is harder to achieve than to eulogise. In particular, clear and precise objectives and consequent criteria of partnership success need to be established, together with a recognition that partners do not necessarily share the same starting points or compatible perspectives. Some process of ‘power‐broking’ may be called for, in order to mediate and match their different needs. 相似文献
9.
In the education policy arena, the notion of ‘quality'as a mechanism for increasing accountability to stakeholders has risen to prominence in the 1990s, as part of the micro‐economic reform agenda of many national governments. This study analyses the way in which policy makers in Australian higher education have recontextualised the notions of quality adopted in other countries to reconstruct a uniquely Australian version. Further, the study analyses how this recontextualisation continues from the ministerial level, through the Higher Education Council (HEC), and then the Committee for Quality Assurance in Higher Education (CQAHE), to the site of intended policy effect ‐‐ individual universities. A theoretical framework, in part offered by Stephen Ball's policy trajectory studies, is employed to examine the negotiation, resistance and even transformation of the original ministerial quality policy of 1991. A central contention is that the operation of the subsequent 3‐year cycle of quality reviews between 1993 and 1995 provides an example par excellence of a government strategy of ‘steering at a distance’. 相似文献
10.
葛秋良 《四川教育学院学报》2012,28(5):1-5,9
新建本科院校教师科研动力具有阶段性、不均衡性和失效性等特点,科研管理者要遵循科学研究规律、学校科研目标与教师主导需要相统一、面向全体和区别对待、内部主动力与外部动力相互促进等原则,从内部主动力,外部压力、牵引力、助推力和阻力这五个不同方向的力量调控入手,兼顾各类教师的科研期望和需求,构建五力合并、一致向前的动力机制,即以培育主动力为核心,充分发挥政策等牵引力的激励导向作用,营造良好的科研氛围增强助推力,把科研压力转化为动力,加强条件建设和人本管理以化解科研阻力,推动科研工作规范高效地运行,不断提升高校的核心竞争力。 相似文献
11.
Elaine El‐Khawas 《Tertiary Education and Management》2013,19(1):37-46
Abstract This paper examines the factors that cause universities to undertake academic change, specifically, changes to achieve more effective teaching and learning. Based on an analysis of 30 reform‐oriented US colleges and universities, it suggests that universities respond to diverse environmental pressures, not solely to external mandates. There is evidence, too, that internal forces within universities can be an impetus for change. 相似文献
12.
何健 《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2005,(4):15-18
大学开放的动力来自两个方面：其一是知识，知识自我组织和自我裂变以及在此基础上形成的知识观是促使大学开放的内部动力；其二是社会需求，社会需求促进了大学开放程度的不断增强，它是大学开放的外部动力。大学开放就是这两种力量共同作用的结果。 相似文献
13.
Karlsson Sara Fogelberg Karin Kettis Åsa Lindgren Stefan Sandoff Mette Geschwind Lars 《Tertiary Education and Management》2014,20(3):239-251
In this study, four recent self-initiated educational quality projects at Swedish universities are compared and analyzed. The article focuses on how the universities have handled the tension between external demands and internal norms. The aim is to contribute to an improved understanding of quality management in contemporary universities. On the one hand, the projects are found to be built on similar rationales associated with accountability, reputation building and strategic management. This is interpreted as a response to the shared external policy context. They are also found to mirror similar ambitions regarding raising the status of education. On the other hand, the projects are found to differ considerably in their actual design, methodology, implementation, stakeholders and outcomes. This is interpreted as an active adaptation to the unique internal academic norms and cultures that exist in each university. 相似文献
14.
Götz Schindler 《Higher Education in Europe》1994,19(4):104-108
The underlying premise of this article is that the best way to become acquainted with higher education in Germany is to discuss its problems. Such problems as expanding enrollments, the role of research and teaching, the link between higher education and future employment, the question of the supposed equality of German universities, the link between regional development and higher education, and the question of the duration of studies are briefly discussed in light of the tension between the universities and the Fachhochschulen. The hint is made that the Fachhochschulen are more successful pedagogically than are the universities. 相似文献
15.
Glenn Rikowski 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》1997,18(4):551-574
This paper focuses on the internal degeneration of the Marxist educational theory flowing from Bowles & Gintis (1976) and Willis (1977). It explores five interlinked ‘debilitating problematics’ ‐‐ the base/superstructure metaphor, Left functionalism, relative autonomy, resistance theory and the education for autonomy/revolution dilemma ‐‐ which have simultaneously formed the backbone of Marxist educational theory and constituted the roots of its theoretical weaknesses. The general argument is that these weaknesses are so deep‐seated that Marxists interested in theorising capitalist schooling need to start afresh. The paper points towards some possible starting points for new Marxist thinking on capitalist schooling, the preferred option being an analysis of labour‐power. One consequence of taking labour‐power as the starting point for a Marxist analysis of education is that it entails the dissolution of Marxist educational theory’. Instead, educational theory and politics become subordinated to a concern with the social production of labour‐power in capitalism. 相似文献
16.
Universities have been forced to change their internal management and leadership procedures along with the changing state steering. In Finland, changes in financial steering during last ten years have had the strongest effective impact on internal university management.Budget allocation is a policy instrument that can be used by governments to influence the behaviour of universities. The same applies to the situation within institutions. The way budgets are allocated depends on the relationships between the central university administration and faculties.Finnish universities have started to use the same fund allocation models as are in use at the national level, although the amount of funds to be allocated differs markedly from the national level funding. The increase in external funds, and the increase of state funds to be competed for, create new management procedures inside the university and its faculties. Universities have started to implement entrepreneurial activity models in their management processes.Universities have to find a new way for management to take into account the changing state steering and the increasing external funds, as well as the nature of the academic community. This is a growing challenge for university management and leadership. 相似文献
17.
於荣 《清华大学教育研究》2011,32(4)
有组织研究单位作为美国大学中不同于学系的一种组织,在第二次世界大战后得到了迅猛发展。战后有组织研究单位的迅猛发展是由大学的外部力量和内部力量共同作用的结果,其中来自联邦政府的巨额研究资助起了关键作用。有组织研究单位对战后美国研究型大学的发展产生了重要影响。 相似文献
18.
Timo Tammi 《Higher Education》2009,57(5):657-679
The present European higher education policy and research policy can be characterized as emphasizing external financing of
universities, competition between and within universities, and the need for a more practical and economically profitable output
from research and education. A theoretical framework of analysing the impacts of this new rationale can be constructed on
the following two premises. First, the funding structure of universities and university research is a main factor that influences
the situations in which universities and their members make their decisions on teaching, research and administering. Second,
universities consist of various groups of personnel each having and developing objectives and preferences of their own. This
theoretical framework is applied to the Finnish science university system. On the basis of the analysis it can be seen that
although the new policy probably has clarified the division of labour between universities, there have emerged some negative
unintended consequences of the new funding structure. Indications of weakening performance in research and education can be
identified in the empirical analysis.
相似文献
| Timo TammiEmail: |
19.
Mary A. Burston 《Critical Studies in Education》2020,61(1):115-132
ABSTRACTUniversities represent institutions of learning, research and knowledge but are also not-for-profit charitable organisations delegated the charitable purpose of advancing education and public benefit. Charity law differentiates the obligations, values and philosophies of not-for-profit and for profit organisations. Policy and economic imperatives to reform universities in Australia should raise questions about potential compromises to charity values, social justice objectives and public benefit. The disjuncture between the values of charity and profitability draws attention to issues of public benefit in a market-oriented higher education economy and obligations delegated by charity laws. More research is needed into the investment of charity capital and obligations of public benefit delegated to Australian public universities. 相似文献
20.
The article aims at underlining the role played by extra-academic and autonomous organizations strongly connected with university institutions and researchers in producing, acquiring, transferring and transforming knowledge. The study examines a particular Italian case, the Politecnico Calzaturiero, a private institution providing technical training and research services operating in North-eastern Italy. The analysis of this experience suggests that, in traditional manufacturing areas, organizations playing a key role in managing the ‘productive transformation of knowledge’ may be neither universities nor firms. ‘Special organizations’, like the one discussed in this article, are deeply embedded in their economic and institutional environment, are closely interconnected within a dense and extended network of various actors, engage in complex and time-consuming processes, and can be understood as organizational relé, that is entities which are able to connect structures that are usually not connected. For these reasons, they represent an underestimated resource for universities’ third mission and its management. 相似文献