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Ian A. Macleod 《Information processing & management》1977,13(3):167-175
Among the problems associated with modern information retrieval systems is the lack of any systematic approach to the design of query language interfaces. In this paper we attempt to show how a relationally organised data base is well suited to bibliographic data management, and how, given such a relational organisation it is possible to construct an interface which separates the query language from the physical representation of the data base. It is also shown how such a query language organisation may be usefully interfaced to existing retrieval systems. Finally a query language for retrieval applications is proposed. 相似文献
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Documents circulating in paper form are increasingly being substituted by its electronic equivalent in the modern office today so that any stored document can be retrieved whenever needed later on. The office worker is already burdened with information overload, so effective and efficient retrieval facilities become an important factor affecting worker productivity. This paper first reviews the features of current document management systems with varying facilities to manage, store and retrieve either reference to documents or whole documents. Information retrieval databases, groupware products and workflow management systems are presented as developments to handle different needs, together with the underlying concepts of knowledge management. The two problems of worker finiteness and worker ignorance remain outstanding, as they are only partially addressed by the above-mentioned systems. The solution lies in a shift away from pull technology where the user has to actively initiate the request for information towards push technology, where available information is automatically delivered without user intervention. Intelligent information retrieval agents are presented as a solution together with a marketing scenario of how they can be introduced. 相似文献
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利用Lucene的全文索引和搜索技术,开发了与ILAS III集成的全文搜索型OPAC系统Bookle。介绍了Bookle的体系结构以及参数管理器、索引器、搜索器、用户接口等的设计与实现。Bookle系统实现了扩展书目信息的自动抓取并使之本地化,扩展了书目检索点,为读者提供了书目记录及其扩展书目信息的任意词全文搜索等服务,弥补了ILAS III OPAC的不足。 相似文献
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Duncan A. Buell 《Information processing & management》1981,17(5):249-262
Most current document retrieval systems require that user queries be specified in the form of Boolean expressions. Although Boolean queries work, they have flaws. Some of the attempts to overcome these flaws have involved “partial-match” retrieval or the use of fuzzy-subset theory. Recently, some generalizations of fuzzy-subset theory have been suggested that would allow the user to specify queries with relevance weights or thresholds attached to terms. The various query-processing methods are discussed and compared. 相似文献
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D B McCarn 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1980,31(3):181-192
MEDLINE is presented as a prototype for on-line bibliographic search systems. Creation of the data base, indexing language, and file organization are reviewed. On accessing the files, search logic is illustrated with a sample MEDLINE search. NLM's development of a document delivery system to complement its bibliographic retrieval system is discussed. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》1987,23(5):433-445
This paper examines the potential of recent work in artificial intelligence for the development of more effective information retrieval systems. The primary task in this research has been to examine and define the role of an expert system in the domain of bibliographic retrieval. Once such a goal can be described the available knowledge representations and techniques can be evaluated. This paper examines the role of an expert bibliographic retrieval system, examines an artificial intelligence view of information retrieval, and then describes a prototype expert information retrieval system that has been designed and implemented. 相似文献
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Considerable evidence exists to show that the use of term relevance weights is beneficial in interactive information retrieval. Various term weighting systems are reviewed. An experiment is then described in which information retrieval users are asked to rank query terms in decreasing order of presumed importance prior to actual search and retrieval. The experimental design is examined, and various relevance ranking systems are evaluated, including fully automatic systems based on inverse document frequency parameters, human rankings performed by the user population, and combinations of the two. 相似文献
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G Salton C Buckley E A Fox 《Journal of the American Society for Information Science》1983,34(4):262-280
Modern information retrieval systems are designed to supply relevant information in response to requests received from the user population. In most retrieval environments the search requests consist of keywords, or index terms, interrelated by appropriate Boolean operators. Since it is difficult for untrained users to generate effective Boolean search requests, trained search intermediaries are normally used to translate original statements of user need into useful Boolean search formulations. Methods are introduced in this study which reduce the role of the search intermediaries by making it possible to generate Boolean search formulations completely automatically from natural language statements provided by the system patrons. Frequency considerations are used automatically to generate appropriate term combinations as well as Boolean connectives relating the terms. Methods are covered to produce automatic query formulations both in a standard Boolean logic system, as well as in an extended Boolean system in which the strict interpretation of the connectives is relaxed. Experimental results are supplied to evaluate the effectiveness of the automatic query formulation process, and methods are described for applying the automatic query formulation process in practice. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》1987,23(2):119-138
This paper concerns the provision of a computerized intermediary system to facilitate online document retrieval from large-scale data bases directly by users of the retrieved information. The system does not require the user to be knowledgeable or undergo any training in the use of the underlying retrieval system. The scope for a novel intermediary system relating to recent developments in expert systems has been identified and a system entitled CANSEARCH designed to enable doctors to specify queries to retrieve cancer-therapy-related documents stored in the MEDLINE data base. The design of the intermediary system uses the principle of search space abstraction, employing menu selection from a touch terminal and encapsulating the necessary intermediary expertise using rule-based techniques programmed in PROLOG. CANSEARCH performed well enough to justify the approach taken, suggesting that further development of CANSEARCH and of intermediary systems for document retrieval in other subject areas should be undertaken. 相似文献
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This paper deals with Swedish full text retrieval and the problem of morphological variation of query terms in the document database. The effects of combination of indexing strategies with query terms on retrieval effectiveness were studied. Three of five tested combinations involved indexing strategies that used conflation, in the form of normalization. Further, two of these three combinations used indexing strategies that employed compound splitting. Normalization and compound splitting were performed by SWETWOL, a morphological analyzer for the Swedish language. A fourth combination attempted to group related terms by right hand truncation of query terms. The four combinations were compared to each other and to a baseline combination, where no attempt was made to counteract the problem of morphological variation of query terms in the document database. The five combinations were evaluated under six different user scenarios, where each scenario simulated a certain user type. The four alternative combinations outperformed the baseline, for each user scenario. The truncation combination had the best performance under each user scenario. The main conclusion of the paper is that normalization and right hand truncation (performed by a search expert) enhanced retrieval effectiveness in comparison to the baseline. The performance of the three combinations of indexing strategies with query terms based on normalization was not far below the performance of the truncation combination. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2002,38(2):273-291
With the growing focus on what is collectively known as “knowledge management”, a shift continues to take place in commercial information system development: a shift away from the well-understood data retrieval/database model, to the more complex and challenging development of commercial document/information retrieval models. While document retrieval has had a long and rich legacy of research, its impact on commercial applications has been modest. At the enterprise level most large organizations have little understanding of, or commitment to, high quality document access and management. Part of the reason for this is that we still do not have a good framework for understanding the major factors which affect the performance of large-scale corporate document retrieval systems. The thesis of this discussion is that document retrieval—specifically, access to intellectual content—is a complex process which is most strongly influenced by three factors: the size of the document collection; the type of search (exhaustive, existence or sample); and, the determinacy of document representation. Collectively, these factors can be used to provide a useful framework for, or taxonomy of, document retrieval, and highlight some of the fundamental issues facing the design and development of commercial document retrieval systems. This is the first of a series of three articles. Part II (D.C. Blair, The challenge of commercial document retrieval. Part II. A strategy for document searching based on identifiable document partitions, Information Processing and Management, 2001b, this issue) will discuss the implications of this framework for search strategy, and Part III (D.C. Blair, Some thoughts on the reported results of Text REtrieval Conference (TREC), Information Processing and Management, 2002, forthcoming) will consider the importance of the TREC results for our understanding of operating information retrieval systems. 相似文献
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Structured document retrieval makes use of document components as the basis of the retrieval process, rather than complete documents. The inherent relationships between these components make it vital to support users’ natural browsing behaviour in order to offer effective and efficient access to structured documents. This paper examines the concept of best entry points, which are document components from which the user can browse to obtain optimal access to relevant document components. It investigates at the types of best entry points in structured document retrieval, and their usage and effectiveness in real information search tasks. 相似文献
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This paper describes our novel retrieval model that is based on contexts of query terms in documents (i.e., document contexts). Our model is novel because it explicitly takes into account of the document contexts instead of implicitly using the document contexts to find query expansion terms. Our model is based on simulating a user making relevance decisions, and it is a hybrid of various existing effective models and techniques. It estimates the relevance decision preference of a document context as the log-odds and uses smoothing techniques as found in language models to solve the problem of zero probabilities. It combines these estimated preferences of document contexts using different types of aggregation operators that comply with different relevance decision principles (e.g., aggregate relevance principle). Our model is evaluated using retrospective experiments (i.e., with full relevance information), because such experiments can (a) reveal the potential of our model, (b) isolate the problems of the model from those of the parameter estimation, (c) provide information about the major factors affecting the retrieval effectiveness of the model, and (d) show that whether the model obeys the probability ranking principle. Our model is promising as its mean average precision is 60–80% in our experiments using different TREC ad hoc English collections and the NTCIR-5 ad hoc Chinese collection. Our experiments showed that (a) the operators that are consistent with aggregate relevance principle were effective in combining the estimated preferences, and (b) that estimating probabilities using the contexts in the relevant documents can produce better retrieval effectiveness than using the entire relevant documents. 相似文献
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Among the important criteria in the design and implementation of an interactive data retrieval system for casual users are: a friendly user interface, aids to train beginners on the system, versatility in output media, and error recovery techniques in an interactive session. These factors are considered in the design of an interactive data retrieval system which is used for the study of commodity market data. Although the concepts and considerations discussed in this article are discipline specific, the methodologies adopted are general in nature. The proposed system has been implemented and tested using an experimental data base on gold and silver futures. 相似文献
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This paper presents a probabilistic information retrieval framework in which the retrieval problem is formally treated as a statistical decision problem. In this framework, queries and documents are modeled using statistical language models, user preferences are modeled through loss functions, and retrieval is cast as a risk minimization problem. We discuss how this framework can unify existing retrieval models and accommodate systematic development of new retrieval models. As an example of using the framework to model non-traditional retrieval problems, we derive retrieval models for subtopic retrieval, which is concerned with retrieving documents to cover many different subtopics of a general query topic. These new models differ from traditional retrieval models in that they relax the traditional assumption of independent relevance of documents. 相似文献
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In this paper, we present the state of the art in the field of information retrieval that is relevant for understanding how to design information retrieval systems for children. We describe basic theories of human development to explain the specifics of young users, i.e., their cognitive skills, fine motor skills, knowledge, memory and emotional states in so far as they differ from those of adults. We derive the implications these differences have on the design of information retrieval systems for children. Furthermore, we summarize the main findings about children’s search behavior from multiple user studies. These findings are important to understand children’s information needs, their search strategies and usage of information retrieval systems. We also identify several weaknesses of previous user studies about children’s information-seeking behavior. Guided by the findings of these user studies, we describe challenges for the design of information retrieval systems for young users. We give an overview of algorithms and user interface concepts. We also describe existing information retrieval systems for children, in specific web search engines and digital libraries. We conclude with a discussion of open issues and directions for further research. The survey provided in this paper is important both for designers of information retrieval systems for young users as well as for researchers who start working in this field. 相似文献