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《科学大众》2018,(10)
正The more years you spend in full-time education, the more short-sighted you are likely to be, according to a large UK study.The link appears to be that students have too little exposure to bright natural light—and the antidote suggested by the researchers is for children to spend more of the day outdoors.The study, carried out by Cardiff and Bristol university scientists, analysed information on the genetics, eyesight and educational background of68 000 participants in the UK Biobank database. 相似文献
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数字鸿沟的本质解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着社会信息化的推进,数字鸿沟问题日益凸显,严重影响了和谐社会的构建,要想从根本上弥合数字鸿沟就必须剖析其本质。数字鸿沟本质上是由技术、经济、知识和社会4个层面构成的综合性的差距。在技术层面上,它反映了不同主体在接入新兴信息技术方面存在的差距,是新兴信息技术普及过程中出现的＂技术鸿沟＂;在经济层面上,它反映了国际国内经济不平等和贫富差距在信息时代的延续,是信息时代经济发展进程中出现的＂经济鸿沟＂;在知识层面上,它反映了不同群体使用新兴信息技术获取和利用信息资源方面的差距,是信息主体获取和利用信息资源过程中出现的＂知识鸿沟＂;在社会层面上,它反映了信息社会的阶层分化和社会分化现象,是信息社会不平等导致的＂社会鸿沟＂。Abstract： With the development of social informatization,the digital divide problem figures increasingly prominently and affects the construction of the harmonious society seriously.In order to close the digital divide fundamentally,it＇s necessary to anatomize its essence.Digital divide is essentially a comprehensive gap which consists of factors in the technical,economic,knowledge and social aspects.In technical aspect,it reflects the differences among different agents to get access to new information technologies,and it＇s the ＂technological gap＂ which appears in the popularization process of new information technologies.In economic aspect,it reflects the international and domestic economic inequality and the continuation of polarization of poor and rich in the information age,and it＇s the ＂economic gap＂ which appears in the economic development process in the information age.In knowledge aspect,it reflects the differences among different groups to use new information technologies to obtain and utilize information resources,and is the ＂knowledge gap＂ which appears in the information resources acquisition and utilization process by information agents.In social aspect,it reflects the stratum differentiation and social differentiation in the information society,and is the ＂social gap＂ caused by the inequality of the information society. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(1):17-20
<正>Quantum information science is a combination of quantum mechanics and information science,which transforms computing,coding,information processing and transmission process by the unique properties of quantum system,and develops new capabilities to process information more effi ciently.It mainly includes two fi elds,i.e.quantum computing and quantum communication.The core objective of quantum information science is to develop real-world quantum computers and achieve long-distance quantum communication with absolute safety[1].Current and future research focuses in quantum information science include quantum cryptography,quantum simulation and quantum measurement. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(1):45-47
<正>Owing to the rapid development of life sciences and the wide application of information technology in agriculture during recent years,the world has attached great importance to the use of molecular breeding techniques such as markerassisted selection and transgenic breeding for improving agricultural production,ensuring food safety,and supporting research and development at the frontier of modern agricultural science and technology.Because important agronomic and economic traits in animals and plants are complex and generally controlled by quantitative trait loci derived from natural variations,the genetic regulatory networks are often characterized by modular features.The existing molecular breeding technologies modify specific traits in a limited range and space,which cannot to meet the demand of complex traits as the target of molecular breeding 相似文献
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Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
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企业信息化是我国实现工业化和现代化的必经过程,企业信息化是一个动态过程。信息复用是现阶段企业信息化的必要过程,同时它又可以推动企业信息化向更高阶段发展。本文主要介绍了信息复用的概念、模型等,并介绍了信息复用在企业信息化中的作用和对策。Abstract： Enterprise informationization is an inevitable process China must pass through in her industrialization and modernization,and is a dynamic process.Information reusing is the necessary process for enterprise to realize informationization at the present stage,meanwhile,it can also promote the development of enterprise informationization to a higher stage.This article mainly introduces the concept and model of information reusing.The role of information reusing in enterprise informatization and its countermeasures are also described. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(4):196-197
Inspired by quantum mechanics, people have been dreaming of a new type of computers to revolutionize computing technique - quantum computers. Such dream machines take advantage of the fact that the quantum bit （qubit）, the fundamental unit of quantum information, can be in a superposition state and thus is able to store massive data and solve complicated problems at an incredible speed beyond the capacity of classical computers. 相似文献
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Web2.0环境下信息服务的定位与重构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在探讨Web2.0服务理念对信息服务影响的基础上,指出Web2.0带来大变革：长尾理论、众包模式和云计算,强调以用户为中心和强化用户积极参与;提出Web2.0环境下的信息服务在功能上需重新定位：社会化和个性化服务;因此Web2.0环境下信息服务需从三个方面进行重构：信息资源建设、服务系统和服务业务组织。Abstract： Based on the discussion on the impact of Web2. 0 service concept on information service,this article points out the great changes brought about by Web2. 0： the long tail theory,the user-centred mode and cloud computer,emphasizing the centric position of users and strengthening their active participation. The article points out that the function of information service in the Web2. 0 environment should be re-orientated to social and personalized service. Therefore,the information service in the Web2. 0 environment should be reconstructed from 3 aspects： information resources construction,service system organization and service business organization. 相似文献
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基于竞争情报与知识管理的企业决策过程模型构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文描述了竞争情报与知识管理的内涵及异同点,进而探讨基于知识管理的竞争情报过程,阐明了知识管理对竞争情报的影响,强调必须把竞争情报与知识管理融合起来,才能提高组织决策的效率。在竞争情报过程的基础上,构架了基于竞争情报系统、知识管理系统和信息系统三者为一体的企业决策过程结构模型,并提出企业应建立企业情报知识库,强调只有重视对企业情报知识库的建设,才能真正确立起企业的竞争优势。Abstract： This paper describes the concepts of competitive intelligence and knowledge management as well as their similarities and differences.The paper further discusses the competitive intelligence process based on knowledge management,clarifies the influence of knowledge management on competitive intelligence,and emphasizes that only by integrating competitive intelligence with knowledge management can the decision-making efficiency of the organization be improved.Based on the competitive intelligence process,the paper constructs a structural model of enterprise decision-making process,which integrates the competitive intelligence system,the knowledge management system and the information system into one.The paper proposes that the enterprise should establish the intelligence and knowledge base,and emphasizes that only by attaching importance to the construction of the enterprise intelligence and knowledge base can the competitive advantage of the enterprise be really established. 相似文献
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With the globalization of the world, language teaching becomes more important than ever before, and many universities and classroom teachers are active to exploret he most efficient and effective methodology to teach languages to achieve a desirable result. When they seek to improve the quality of language teaching, they often research teaching methodologies by referring to general theories about language and language learning. Theoretical bases and teachers‘ hands-out experience have informed methodologies of language teaching, and methods of language teaching have been improved with the developments about linguistics, psychology and education. But there is a question which extent the information that theory has made available can be used to explore language teaching methodology and of the relevance of theory to language teaching methodology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2015,(2):68-69
<正>The Sino-Swiss Laboratory for Data Intensive Neuroscience was unveiled on March 26,2015 by the Institute of Automation,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CASIA)and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne(EPFL)in Beijing.Brain-like intelligence is considered to be a revolutionary scientific discipline and major driving force behind the development of future intelligence science and information technology.Taking brain-like intelligence as 相似文献
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High level oil temperature is one of the most important factories reasons for hydraulic system to breakdown.In order to improve ability of heat-radiation and control oil temperature within proper scope,new type oil tanks are required which are made up by plate-fin units.The analysis indicates that the new type oil tanks have a good natural ability of heat-radiation.To further enhance ability of heat-radiation,it should be fixed a fan in the bottom of the oil tanks,which can strengthen the ability of heat-radiation.With monitoring equipment,monitoring system can monitor the parameters of oil tanks in real time,and control the oil temperature within proper scope.Simulation experiments tell us some significant data. 相似文献
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Web2.0信息半衰期测度和影响因素研究是网络信息老化研究的重要内容之一。本文在对国内外网络信息老化研究回顾的基础上,提出Web2.0信息半衰期与网络资源自身属性、网络资源的权威性、受关注度、资源主题领域、更新速度、资源多媒体类型等因素有关。同时本文以美味书签网站为例进行实证研究,得出书签信息的半衰期是557天;五大类域名半衰期长短排序为.com〈.net〈.gov〈.org〈.edu;网页深度增加,半衰期减少;导航型网页比内容型网页半衰期长;半衰期与总收藏数符合幂函数分布。最后指出本项研究的局限性及需要进一步研究的问题。Abstract： Research on Web2.0 information half life measurement and its impact factors is one of the important aspects of Internet information ageing research.Based on the review of the research on Internet information ageing at home and abroad,this paper points out that Web2.0 information half life is related with the following factors： Internet resources＇ own attribute,Internet resources＇ authority,popularity,subject area and updating rate,and multimedia types ofresources.Then,taking the Website delicious,com for example,the paper makes an empirical study and comes to the following conclusions： the half life of bookmarks on delicious,com is 557 days;the half life of 5 top-level domains in length order is.com .net .gov .org .edu;the half life decreases with the increase of Webpage depth;the navigation Webpage has a longer half life than the content Webpage;and the half life and the total collection number are in line with the power function distribution.Finally,the paper points out the limitations of the research and the problems which need to be further studied. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):251-251
<正>Protein could carry out its biological function only when it is folded into the right conformation,and the conformation might be changing during the activation process,therefore protein dynamical structure provides a key clue to understand its function.Although many protein static structures have been resolved by X-ray crystallography,2D NM and cryoelectron microscope at atomic level,the static structure could be different from the dynamical structure,especially under physiological condition.In their continuous effort to study the protein dynamical structure with temperature-jump time-resolved infrared spectroscopy(Biophys.J.2007,93,2756–2766;Biophys.J.2009,97,2756–2766),a team lead by Prof.WENG Yuxiang from the Institute of Physics(IOP),Chinese Academy of Sciences recently collaborated with Prof.CHANG Zengyi’s 相似文献
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社会网络分析法可以分为不同的分析层次。本文首先论述三方关系组方法的原理,并将其应用到引用网络结构的研究中,分析各种三方关系类型在引用网络中的具体意义。以SSCI收录的18种图书情报学期刊近10年的文章为数据源,运用三方关系组揭示了图书情报领域高产作者引用网络的内部结构,通过计算不同类型聚类系数研究了网络整体结构倾向。Abstract： Methods of social network analysis can be divided into different levels.This article first describes the principle of the triad census method,applies it in the research on the structure of citation network,and analyzes the specific significance of various triad census types in citation network.Taking the papers published by the 18 types of journals of library and information science in recent 10 years and included by SSCI as data sources,the article uses the triad census to reveal the internal structure of the citation network of the high-yield authors in the library and information science field,and by calculating the different types of clustering coefficients,studies the trend of the whole network structure. 相似文献
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探讨了供应链管理过程中的几个决策问题,针对这些决策问题,本文提出一个供应链智能集成模型,加强了供应链的信息集成,实现了对供应链的智能协同管理。由多Agent组成的信息集成模型具有很强的动态性。为避免交互负载,采用联邦多Agent结构,以本体论作为交互基础,有效地支持供应链的决策。Abstract： Several decision problems in the supply chain management process are discussed.In order to solve these problems,this paper proposes an intelligent integration model of supply chain,which enhances the information integration of supply chain and realizes the intelligent collaborative management of supply chain.The multi-agent information integration model is highly dynamic.In order to avoid the burden of interaction,the paper uses the federation multi-agent architecture and uses the theory of ontology as the basis for interaction,which will support the decision of supply chain effectively. 相似文献
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竞争情报的理论基础——奥地利经济学派 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国的竞争情报研究虽然已取得了长足的进步,但至今还没有建立起一个系统的理论框架。本文试图通过引进奥地利学派的理论,为竞争情报研究奠定一个经济学理论基础。奥地利学派的＂市场过程＂的观点和＂企业家发现＂的观点为竞争情报的存在提供了理论依据。奥地利学派强调信息的＂主观发现＂、强调＂主观信息＂以及强调定性的分析方法,对竞争情报的工作具有指导意义。Abstract： Although great progress has been made in China in competitive intelligence research,we haven＇t established a systematic framework of theory yet.This paper tries to lay a theoretical foundation of economics for competitive intelligence research by introducing the theory of Austrian School to China.The＂market process＂viewpoint and the＂entrepreneurial discovery＂viewpoint of Austrian school have provided a theoretical basis for the existence of competitive intelligence.Austrian school＇s emphasis on＂subjective discovery of information＂,＂subjective information＂and qualitative analysis method have important guiding significance for competitive intelligence service. 相似文献
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Bats the only mammals known to possess the real ability to fly have fascinated zoologists for a long time with their long-distance migration. How do they find their way home from an altitude of kilometers above sea level where their stunt of ultrasonic echolocation does not work?…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):3-4
Bats, the only mammals known to possess the real ability to fly, have fascinated zoologists for a long time with their long-distance migration. How do they find their way home from an altitude of kilometers above sea level, where their stunt of ultrasonic echolocation does not work？ Recent discoveries supported the theory that bats might be able to use magnetic clues to figure out their own position,just like what birds do. However, the latest results from a joint study by a group of researchers from the CAS, East China Normal University and University of Auckland reveal that bats apply an interesting strategy different from the one underlying birds＇ orientation technique, though they both are believed to derive information about their position from the subtle changes in the magnetic field of the Earth. 相似文献