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自柏拉图以来,著名的“非存在之谜”一直吸引着哲学家们为之绞尽脑汁。那么,非存在存在吗？到底有没有非存在对象呢？如果有非存在对象,那么它们是什么类型的对象呢？它们能被描述吗？有可能提供有关非存在对象的统一理论吗？这样的理论的解释力又如何呢？在当代哲学研究、尤其在心灵哲学意向性等问题的研究中,非存在问题是不可回避的。对象属性策略体现了非存在问题的传统哲学解决方案的现代拓展,语言策略体现了非存在问题的语言学研究的当代趋向,可能世界策略则向我们提供了一种更精细的逻辑论证思路。 相似文献
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地理信息系统(GIS)是实践性较强的一门学科。传统的GIS课程教学以理论讲授为主,且基本采用灌输式的教学方式,在这种教学模式培养下,学生往往解决实际问题的能力和创造能力较差。PBL教学模式是从问题出发,以解决问题为驱动力,以学生为中心,强调过程训练和分组协作学习,全面培养学生自主学习、实践和创新的能力。本文基于PBL教学理念,从PBL的基本要素:问题设计、分组协作学习和教学评价三个方面来重点阐述PBL教学模式引导下的GIS课程教学改革,以期提高地理信息系统的教学质量,为培养应用型和综合型GIS人才做出贡献。 相似文献
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Keene M 《Endeavour》2008,32(1):16-19
In the early Victorian home, there were plenty of scientific lessons to be uncovered. With the appropriate interrogation, everyday objects could transform seemingly mundane activities such as eating breakfast, washing clothes or reading by candle-light into household lectures that gave children a familiar base from which to explore the hidden properties and marvellous histories of common commodities. Responding to an unprecedented hunger for scientific knowledge, a profusion of introductory texts appeared in the mid-nineteenth century that directed lessons into homes across Britain and beyond. In particular, the science of chemistry found its way into this domestic setting, as writers promoted its practice and practitioners as a source of authoritative expertise on everyday life. One of the most compelling illustrations of this encounter between the public and chemistry took place over a simple cup of tea. 相似文献
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As an information medium, video offers many possible retrieval and browsing modalities, far more than text, image or audio. Some of these, like searching the text of the spoken dialogue, are well developed, others like keyframe browsing tools are in their infancy, and others not yet technically achievable. For those modalities for browsing and retrieval which we cannot yet achieve we can only speculate as to how useful they will actually be, but we do not know for sure. In our work we have created a system to support multiple modalities for video browsing and retrieval including text search through the spoken dialogue, image matching against shot keyframes and object matching against segmented video objects. For the last of these, automatic segmentation and tracking of video objects is a computationally demanding problem which is not yet solved for generic natural video material, and when it is then it is expected to open up possibilities for user interaction with objects in video, including searching and browsing. In this paper we achieve object segmentation by working in a closed domain of animated cartoons. We describe an interactive user experiment on a medium-sized corpus of video where we were able to measure users’ use of video objects versus other modes of retrieval during multiple-iteration searching. Results of this experiment show that although object searching is used far less than text searching in the first iteration of a user’s search it is a popular and useful search type once an initial set of relevant shots have been found. 相似文献
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修正TOPSIS及其在科技评价中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了TOPSIS存在的逆序问题以及理想解和负理想解连接线垂线上的点的评价值在垂线位置不同时出现矛盾问题,提出了一种新的评价方法——修正TOPSIS.其原理是通过将负理想解固定零以及数据标准化后极小值为极大值一半的方法,彻底解决了这两个问题.在科技评价中,评价方法自身缺陷导致评价结果排序的变化问题远远没有受到重视.实证评价结果表明,修正TOPSIS和传统TOPSIS评价结果虽然一致性较高,但排序相差较大,说明有缺陷的评价方法产生的误差较大. 相似文献
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提出将AutoCAD软件应用于画法几何的解题过程,并通过传统的解题方法和利用AutoCAD软件解题方法的比较,得到利用Auto-CAD软件来解决画法几何中的相关问题,可大大提高解题的正确程度和精确程度以及解题的速度。 相似文献
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基于认知科学的研究提出一个新颖的计算模型用于物体识别.特征整合理论为计算模型提供了总体路线.基于最大熵原理构建学习过程,获得必要的先验知识构成认知网络.利用认知网络,将底层的图像特征和高层知识捆绑起来.利用条件随机场的基本概念和原理建模捆绑过程.将计算模型应用于现实世界的物体识别,在标准图像库上进行评估,取得了很好的效果. 相似文献
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分析了线性选择方法的两个缺陷,提出了一种基于聚集密度的非线性自适应选择方法。算法基本思想是：首先将每代种群划分成Pareto劣解集和Pareto非劣解集,然后依照个体的聚集密度分别在劣解集和非劣解集中构造一种偏序集,分别按照不同的等概率在这两个偏序集中选择个体,其中劣解偏序集的个体选择概率远小于非劣解偏序集的个体选择概率,根据两个偏序集中的容量自动计算出两个选择概率。这种非线性选择方法既体现了劣解集和非劣解集中个体的绝对平等性及非劣解集对劣解集的相对优先选择权,又充分考虑到了Pareto最优解的分布性。理论分析和数值计算表明,这种新的选择机制不仅能改善排序选择法的收敛性,而且能得到分布性良好的Pareto最优解。 相似文献
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稳定拨款与项目资助是政府科研资助的两种主要模式。科学分析两种资助模式的差异性,对合理设计政府科研资助机制具有重要意义。本文以日本化学领域2009-2018年,稳定拨款与项目资助的产出所蕴含的多维科研活动特征信息为对象,从研究团队、研究内容、研究产出绩效三个维度入手构建了科研要素视角下的资助差异性分析框架。方法上,引入了深度学习算法,建立了针对化学领域的研究对象实体识别训练模型,实现了对研究对象实体的精准识别,为资助差异性的分析提供了事实基础。数据分析结果显示,稳定拨款与项目资助在多个维度均具有显著的差异性,稳定拨款资助下的科研活动更关注于研究问题本身,而项目资助下的科研活动则更多地体现了科学共同体对项目遴选的标准。结合数据分析结论,研究提出了应科学认识两种资助模式的差异性,合理布局、扬长避短,建立高效的政府科研资助机制的政策建议。 相似文献
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Shuang Wang Chen-Yu Wang Pengfei Wang Cong Wang Zhu-An Li Chen Pan Yitong Dai Anyuan Gao Chuan Liu Jian Liu Huafeng Yang Xiaowei Liu Bin Cheng Kunji Chen Zhenlin Wang Kenji Watanabe Takashi Taniguchi Shi-Jun Liang Feng Miao 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2021,8(2)
Compared to human vision, conventional machine vision composed of an image sensor and processor suffers from high latency and large power consumption due to physically separated image sensing and processing. A neuromorphic vision system with brain-inspired visual perception provides a promising solution to the problem. Here we propose and demonstrate a prototype neuromorphic vision system by networking a retinomorphic sensor with a memristive crossbar. We fabricate the retinomorphic sensor by using WSe2/h-BN/Al2O3 van der Waals heterostructures with gate-tunable photoresponses, to closely mimic the human retinal capabilities in simultaneously sensing and processing images. We then network the sensor with a large-scale Pt/Ta/HfO2/Ta one-transistor-one-resistor (1T1R) memristive crossbar, which plays a similar role to the visual cortex in the human brain. The realized neuromorphic vision system allows for fast letter recognition and object tracking, indicating the capabilities of image sensing, processing and recognition in the full analog regime. Our work suggests that such a neuromorphic vision system may open up unprecedented opportunities in future visual perception applications. 相似文献
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"1"是个奇妙的数字,在高中数学学习中,如果能巧妙地利用"1"的代换,将大大地简化解题过程,增强解题功效。该文作者从平时的教学中归纳总结出一些"1"的应用经验,让学生在学习过程中多去发现一些"1"的妙用,感受"1"的魅力,引导学生形成数学学科的核心素养,从而达到培养学生创新能力和探索意识的目的。 相似文献
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Innovation researchers have begun to look beyond how users develop tangible objects or product innovations and moved to investigate the existence and impact of intangible user-developed innovations in techniques and services in the household sector . In this paper, to incorporate technique and service innovations and other varieties of intangible innovations not yet described in the literature into an efficient and encompassing typology, we propose the new concept of intangible Behavioral Innovation as an overarching category that stands in contrast to tangible product innovation. Behavioral innovation is defined as consisting of one or a connected sequence of intangible problem-solving activities that provide a functionally novel benefit to its user developer relative to previous practice. We demonstrate in a pilot study using a relatively novel big data-gathering and semantic analysis approach that behavioral innovation exists and can be identified in user-generated content posted openly online in peer-to-peer discussion forums relating to household sector activities such as parenting. The preponderance (N = 138) of the 168 user innovations captured in our samples of discussion comments were intangible behavioral innovations, most of which were developed by women. The majority of behavioral innovations identified were diffused by their user developers in response to specific requests for help or advice from peers in their online community. Thus, incorporating the new concept of intangible behavioral innovation into studies of user innovation's scope and significance in the household sector can serve to clarify which users innovate in our communities of interest, what and how they innovate, why they are triggered to diffuse their innovations peer-to-peer, and how their innovative activities might impact social welfare. 相似文献
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针对形状特征,提出了一种基于主动式边界基元模型的多类目标自动识别方法. 该方法以主动式边界基元为基础构建字典,可准确描述各类目标的形状结构, 不受尺度、旋转等变化的影响;然后,综合分析上下文信息进行概率学习,采用级联框架和Bootstrap动态采样训练最优边界分类器,实现目标的类别识别和位置定位,并可获取精确形状. 实验结果表明,该方法能有效提取多种类型和复杂结构的目标,具有较强的实用价值. 相似文献
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《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2023,360(12):9180-9197
The distributed estimation has important research significance in unmanned systems. This paper investigates the distributed estimation of unmanned surface vessel (USV) via multi-sensor collaboration and 3D object recognition, in which a Knowledge Graph (KG) is constructed to store and represent the estimation results. Kalman-consensus Filter (KCF) and convolutional neural network (CNN) are used to estimate the optimal states of objects, and recognise multiple classes of objects without designing detectors for each class of objects, respectively. The recognition efficiency is improved by dividing the data into pixel blocks whose value is the number of detection points, and a point cloud dataset in different locations and rotations is also provided. Experiments are proposed to show that our method can help the USV accurately perceive entities in the environment, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
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Zhenzhen Yang Lu Fan Yongpeng Yang Zhen Yang Guan Gui 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2019,356(16):10138-10154
Moving object detection is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision and many other fields, which is the basis for high-level processing. Low-rank and sparse decomposition (LRSD) is widely used in moving object detection. The existing methods primarily address the LRSD problem by exploiting the approximation of rank functions and sparse constraints. Conventional methods usually consider the nuclear norm as the approximation of the low-rank matrix. However, the actual results show that the nuclear norm is not the best approximation of the rank function since it simultaneously minimize all the singular values. In this paper, we exploit a novel nonconvex surrogate function to approximate the low-rank matrix and propose a generalized formulation for nonconvex low-rank and sparse decomposition based on the generalized singular value thresholding (GSVT) operator. And then, we solve the proposed nonconvex problem via the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and also analyze its convergence. Finally, we give numerical results to validate the proposed algorithm on both synthetic data and real-life image data. The results demonstrate that our model has superior performance. And we use the proposed nonconvex model for moving objects detection, and provide the experimental results. The results show that the proposed method is more effective than representative LRSD based moving objects detection algorithms. 相似文献
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On the intrinsic value of information objects and the infosphere 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Luciano Floridi 《Ethics and Information Technology》2002,4(4):287-304
What is the most general common set ofattributes that characterises something asintrinsically valuableand hence as subject to some moral respect, andwithout which something would rightly beconsidered intrinsically worthless or even positivelyunworthy and therefore rightly to bedisrespected in itself? Thispaper develops and supports the thesis that theminimal condition of possibility of an entity'sleast intrinsic value is to be identified with itsontological status as an information object.All entities, even when interpreted as only clusters ofinformation, still have a minimal moral worthqua information objects and so may deserve to be respected. Thepaper is organised into four main sections.Section 1 models moral action as an information systemusing the object-oriented programmingmethodology (OOP). Section 2 addresses the question of whatrole the several components constituting themoral system can have in an ethical analysis. If theycan play only an instrumental role, thenComputer Ethics (CE) is probably bound to remain at most apractical, field-dependent, applied orprofessional ethics. However, Computer Ethics can give rise to amacroethical approach, namely InformationEthics (IE), if one can show that ethical concern should beextended to include not only human, animal orbiological entities, but also information objects. Thefollowing two sections show how this minimalistlevel of analysis can be achieved. Section 3 provides anaxiological analysis of information objects. Itcriticises the Kantian approach to the concept ofintrinsic value and shows that it can beimproved by using the methodology introduced in the first section.The solution of the Kantian problem prompts thereformulation of the key question concerningthe moral worth of an entity: what is theintrinsic value of x qua an object constituted by itsinherited attributes? In answering thisquestion, it is argued that entitiescan share different observable propertiesdepending on the level of abstraction adopted,and that it is still possible to speak of moral value even at thehighest level of ontological abstractionrepresented by the informational analysis. Section 4 develops aminimalist axiology based on the concept ofinformation object. It further supports IE's position byaddressing five objections that may undermineits acceptability. 相似文献
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近年来,日本社会在解决福利服务的"夹缝问题"时逐渐意识到,仅依靠传统的问题解决策略并不能良好应对所有需要人群的社会生活问题需求,因此形成了诸多以"协作"为核心的实践创新。文章通过分析福利服务中"夹缝问题"发生的成因,阐明"协作"在问题解决中的具体原理,并在此基础上将其提炼为一种新型问题解决策略——社会协作模式。通过观察这种新型问题解决策略在日本福利服务实践中的功能发挥机制,文章认为,对于我国未来的福利体系建设来说,应当进一步激发民间活力,创造参与友好型的制度环境,并在人才培养中应当加强各类专业人才的创新意识,鼓励各类组织开展福利服务的创新实践。 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2023,60(3):103243
The detection and identification of traffic signs is a fundamental function of an intelligent transportation system. The extraction or identification of a road sign poses the same problems as object identification in natural contexts: conditions of illumination are variable and uncontrollable, and various objects frequently surround road signs. These difficulties make the extraction of features difficult. The fusion of time and space features of traffic signs is important for improving the performance of sign recognition. Deep learning-based algorithms are time-consuming to train based on a large amount of data. They are difficult to deploy on resource-constrained portable devices and conduct sign detection in real time. The accuracy of sign detection should be further improved, which is related to the safety of traffic participants. To improve the accuracy of feature extraction and classification of traffic signs, we propose MKL-SING, a hybrid approach based on multi-kernel support vector machine (MKL-SVM) for public transportation SIGN recognition. It contains three main components: a principal component analysis for image dimension reduction, a fused feature extractor, and a multi-kernel SVM-based classifier. The fused feature extractor extracts and fuses the time and space features of traffic signs. The multi-kernel SVM then classifies the traffic signs based on the fused features. Different kernel functions in the multi-kernel SVM are fused based on a feature weighting procedure. Compared with single-core SVM, multi-kernel SVM can better process massive data because it can project each kernel function into high-dimensional feature space to get global solutions. Finally, the performance of SVM-TSR is validated based on three traffic sign datasets. Experiment results show that SVM-TSR performs better than state-of-the-art methods in terms of dynamic traffic sign identification and recognition. 相似文献