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重金属对预警生物斑马鱼的急性毒性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用斑马鱼为试验生物,进行了静态方式的急性毒性试验,获得了3种重金属作用下斑马鱼的行为突变情况,为斑马鱼预警系统的建立提供了参考。结果表明,Zn2+、Cr6+、Cd2+的12 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别是35.08 mg/L、64.83 mg/L、1.65 mg/L;24 h的LC50分别是25.88 mg/L、46.20 mg/L、1.04mg/L。重金属对斑马鱼的毒性排列为Cd2+Zn2+Cr6+,其中Cd2+为剧毒,Zn2+、Cr6+为高毒。研究发现Zn2+、Cr6+、Cd2+的联合作用为协同作用,Cr6+的影响较显著。 相似文献
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用水热法,分别在0.01、0.02和0.05 mol/L的Zn2+浓度下生长了ZnO纳米棒,并用扫描电镜和光致发光的方法进行了分析.发现Zn2+浓度的提高增加了ZnO纳米棒的长度和密度.然而当Zn2+浓度超过0.02mol/L时,会引入较多的Zn间隙杂质,降低结晶质量. 相似文献
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采用盆栽法考察不同质量浓度的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb、As 5种重金属复合胁迫对酢酱草抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示随着重金属处理浓度梯度的增加,酢酱草过氧化物酶(POD)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性、脯氨酸(PRO)含量及谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量先升高后降低;而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性逐渐下降。结果表明酢酱草在重金属复合胁迫下能防御性的增加POD酶活性、SOD酶活性、PRO含量及GSH含量以减少逆环境的伤害,而重金属复合胁迫浓度过高则会导致酢酱草抗氧化酶系统受到明显损害,生长受到很大程度的抑制。 相似文献
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垃圾焚烧厂排放重金属 Pb 的吸入性健康风险评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
引入CALPUFF模式模拟某市多个垃圾焚烧厂排放重金属Pb浓度的空间分布,进而对Pb的吸入性健康风险进行评估.结果表明,受局地气象条件及地形等影响,Pb的空间分布呈现显著的季节性差异及地形依赖性特征.秋冬季扩散范围较大,地面浓度高值区位于西南部,最大地面质量浓度分别为7.9×10-3和7.0×10-3μg/m3,春夏季扩散范围相对较小,浓度高值出现在中部,最大质量浓度分别为5.4×10-3和7.5×10-3μg/m3.各季节健康风险分布与地面质量浓度分布一致,儿童的暴露风险是成人的近2倍,成年男性暴露风险比女性稍高,但均远低于USEPA推荐的非致癌风险参考值,风险增量不及背景浓度下风险值的4%. 相似文献
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利用在线的气溶胶质量浓度与光学特性观测资料,对广州地区进行研究,得到下列3个结论.1)能见度与气溶胶质量浓度呈明显负相关关系.当PM1大于60μg/m3时,随PM1质量浓度降低,能见度变化不明显;当PM1小于60μg/m3时,随PM1质量浓度降低,能见度迅速升高.2)相对湿度对能见度的影响很大.当相对湿度在70%~80%范围内时,只有当PM1的质量浓度小于40μg/m3,能见度才能达到10 km;而当相对湿度为80%~85%,PM1的质量浓度必须小于20μg/m3,能见度才达到10 km.3)气溶胶吸湿增长因子f(RH)与相对湿度之间存在下列关系式:f(RH)=0.6+0.133×(1-RH100)-1.633,本地化的f(RH)与美国能见度观测网IMPROVE的湿度增长曲线在相对湿度为50%~80%之间具有可比性. 相似文献
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3种植物对重金属富集能力的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以菖蒲(Acorus calamusLinn.)、金叶菖蒲(Acorus gramineus‘Ogon’)和散尾葵(Chrysalido-carpus lutescensH.Wendl)为试验材料,将3种植物定植于人工配置的Cu、Zn、Cr和Pb复合型污染的土壤,研究不同植物对土壤中重金属的富集能力。结果表明:3种植物根部具有较强的吸收与富集作用,除Zn外,其他三种元素在根中的含量要大于茎叶中的含量,表明根系对Cu、Cr和Pb的滞留能力较强;3种植物对Zn的吸收量最大、吸收速率比较高,而对Pb的吸收量最少、吸收速率比较低,表明这3种植物对Zn污染的土壤净化效果最为明显,而对Pb污染土壤净化效果较差。 相似文献
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Herman Sunil D'Souza Geraldine Menezes T. Venkatesh 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2003,18(2):154-160
Heavy metals are important toxicants known to exert adverse effects in humans and animals, given sufficient exposure and accumulation
in the body. This has a great concern both at personal and public health risk. Heavy metals are also known to interact with
the essential trace minerals at the level of absorption and also during the metabolism. The adverse effects of the absorbed
and accumulated heavy metals include neurological, reproductive, renal and hematological systems. Children are more sensitive
than adults to the effects of lead. Efforts are made to understand the mechanism of the interactions of heavy metals with
essential trace minerals at the level of absorption. With available sensitive and specific methodologies like Anodic Stripping
Voltammetry for the evaluation of the levels of toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury etc., better understanding
of heavy metal absorption is made possible.
Due to the poor nutritional standards, risk of heavy metal exposure is still a major concern in developing countries. Studies
carried out by the author have provided evidence towards the understanding of the prevailing mechanisms of metal-metal interaction
at the intestinal level. During growth and development the demand for the essential minerals being at higher level, differentiation
of various essential metals and heavy metals pose an inherent problem due to certain common properties shared by them. With
this approach to the problem of heavy metal toxicity, it is preventable not only with environmental intervention but also
by the nutritional management. 相似文献
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重金属离子Cd Hg Pb在鳗鱼体内残留规律研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了0.005、0.05、0.10和0.15/mg/L四种不同浓度的Cd与0.10mg/LPb,0.05mg/LHg在日本鳗鱼肝脏、腮、鱼血和鱼肉的残留规律。分别将鳗鱼暴露于上述浓度的重金属35 d后再用清水喂养43 d,考察鳗鱼对该三种重金属的吸收和清除规律。结果显示三种重金属在鳗鱼体内富集能力依次是Hg>Pb>Cd。Cd在鳗鱼组织中蓄积顺序为肝脏>腮>鱼肉>血。鳗鱼体内Cd的吸收量与其暴露浓度呈正相关,停止暴露后Cd由其他组织向肝脏转移,可导致肝脏Cd负担持续增大。0.15mg/L浓度的Cd可使鳗鱼产生急性和亚急性中毒症状。鳗鱼组织中Hg和Pb蓄积顺序为腮>肝脏>鱼肉>血。鱼肉中两种重金属消除速度非常缓慢。 相似文献
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印度芥菜BjPCS1基因的表达提高烟草对重金属的抗性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在植物体内植物络合素(PC)可与重金属螯合,并进一步转运至液泡贮存,使细胞质的重金属浓度降低,从而达到解毒效果。PC不是基因的直接翻译产物,而是以谷胱甘肽(GSH) 为底物由植物络合素合酶催化而成。将来源于重金属超富集植物印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)的植物络合素合酶基因BjPCS1转入烟草,PCR和Northern结果表明,该基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在转录水平上表达。在3种重金属(200mmol/L CdCl2、400mmol/L ZnCl2、200mmo/L NiCl2)胁迫条件下,转基因烟草植株的脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、相对电导率和叶绿素含量等指标均优于未转化的对照植株,表明转化BjPCS1基因提高了烟草对3种重金属的抗性,其中转基因烟草抗Cd能力最强,并且转基因烟草的T1代种子在Cd处理的情况下萌发状况明显优于对照。这些结果说明BjPCS1基因在利用基因工程改良植物抗重金属能力和净化环境污染方面,具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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Taru Goyal Prasenjit Mitra Preeti Singh Shailja Sharma Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(1):100
In spite of the established knowledge regarding their toxicities, occupational exposure to heavy metals like lead and cadmium still continues because of their wide distribution in environment. Due to lack of awareness, most of the workers usually eat, smoke, drink at their workplace which may aggravate the metal exposure. The present study was planned to assess the blood levels of lead and cadmium in occupationally exposed workers of Jodhpur (India). A total of 110 individuals working in different industrial set ups (furniture, metal handicraft, welders) of Jodhpur district (exposed group), aged between 20 and 60 years and 97 apparently healthy people (controls) with no history of occupational heavy metal exposure aged between 25 and 60 were recruited. Details of personal habits and demographics were recorded by means of self-developed questionnaire. 5 ml of whole blood was drawn from every individual. Metal levels were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was done using GraphPad Prism Software. Results showed that Blood Lead Level and Blood Cadmium Level (CdB) were significantly higher in the exposed group as compared to the non-exposed group. Significant age and gender-based differences were found in terms of blood cadmium levels but no such difference was observed in case of blood lead. The study also revealed that higher blood levels of these metals in workers are influenced by their occupational practices, lack of protection against workplace environment pollutants, thus increasing their susceptibility to metal toxicity. 相似文献
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Shailja Chambial Pankaj Bhardwaj Abbas Ali Mahdi Praveen Sharma 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(2):246-247
Lead ranks as one of the most serious environmental poisons all over the world amongst toxic heavy metals with no known biological function useful for the human body. A case of lead toxicity due to consumption of herbal medicine is being discussed. The case presented with gastrointestinal complaints and history of intake of herbal medicines for diabetes control for past 8 months. The analysis of the powdered herbal medicine procured from ayurveda practitioner was found to have high content of lead responsible for the lead toxicity. The patient is under regular followup. He has improved symptomatically on chelating therapy and blood lead levels have gradually improved. Regular awareness programs should be conducted in the population regarding possible exposure through home made herbal remedies so that general public can be made aware of the dangerous side effects of lead and other heavy metals on health. 相似文献
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D'souza HS Dsouza SA Menezes G Venkatesh T 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(2):197-201
Among the heavy metals, lead still remains the major toxic pollutant of the environment. Human exposure to lead can occur
through numerous pathways including air, food, dust, soil, and water. In the present study 14 lead poisoned patients with
non-occupational lead exposure were evaluated. They were followed up and compared against the controls with no history of
lead exposure. The patients had high blood lead levels and symptoms of weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, generalized body
ache, loss of appetite, and anxiety. Repeated course of chelation therapy helped to bring down their body burden of lead.
Alternative sources for lead exposure can cause severe lead poisoning in general population. Screening and medical management
of such individuals is very important to identify and eliminate sources of lead. The treatment and management requires a thorough
medical evaluation and environmental intervention. 相似文献
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Suneesh Kumar Pachathundikandi Earaly Thomas Varghese 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2006,21(2):114-117
Blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), serum total protein (TP), and total cholesterol (TC) levels in automobile workshop workers
in relation to lead toxicity were analysed. In the present study, automobile workshop workers (healthy male workers at an
age between 28 and 35 from four major automobile workshops in Kottayam, Kerala State, India) and the control (male healthy
adults at an age between 28 and 35 residing at Aymanam, a distant village at Kottayam District, Kerala having reduced or no
chance of lead exposure) displayed significant difference in blood lead (BPb) and blood ZZP (BZPP) level. The mean value of
BPb in automobile workshop workers was 15.76±0.33 μg/dl, while in the control it was 8.20±0.15 μg/dl. In automobile workshop
workers, the mean value of BZPP was 34.2±0.62 μg/dl. The control group exhibited a mean of 11.5±0.22 μg/dl. Automobile workshop
workers exhibited significant increase in BZPP was corresponding to the increase in BPb level. The total protein levels estimated
in automobile workshop workers showed significant decrease compared to control individuals, but was within the reference range
of healthy individuals. The mean value of TP level in automobile workshop workers and control was 6.9±0.13 g/dl and 7.71±0.18
g/dl, respectively. There was no significant difference in blood haemoglobin (BHb) level among the automobile workshop workers
and control. The serum TC level in automobile workshop workers showed significant decrease compared to the control individuals,
but was with in the reference range of healthy individuals. The mean level of serum TC in automobile workshop workers was
162.00±3.44 mg/dl and the same in control was 172.86±4.32 mg/dl. The present study affirms occupational lead toxicity in automobile
workshop workers and its effect on serum protein and cholesterol levels. 相似文献
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铅锌尾矿对环境污染的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于铅锌尾矿长期露天放置会对环境产生危害。通过原子吸收分光光度法、原子荧光分光光度法对不同酸静态浸泡后铅锌尾矿的浸出液测定得出,盐酸对金属离子浸出影响最大。细颗粒的尾矿更易浸出,浸出时间越长,浸出的金属含量反而降低。测定了尾矿堆附近的土壤,通过与背景值和标准对照,说明尾矿堆附近土壤已经被污染。 相似文献
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I. Mazumdar K. Goswami Md Suhrab Ali 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2017,32(1):110-116
Jewelry utilizes lead either directly or as a base metal. Costume jewelry requires lead before molding and plating the product with valuable metals. Therefore, such ornaments have a great potential to release heavy metals having health hazards. Also, jewelry makers engaged in preparing German silver, an alloy, apply lead in smelting, alloying, rolling and milling silver wires and pieces. The metal is taken up by blood, soft tissues and bone. The biological effects of lead are dependent upon the level and duration of exposure. Lead inhibits three enzymes of heme biosynthesis- δ-amino-levulinic-acid dehydratase (ALAD), coproporphyrin oxidase, and ferrochelatase, impairing heme synthesis and depressing serum level of erythropoietin resulting in decreased hemoglobin synthesis. Lead exposure also affects calcium metabolism and impair the synthesis of Calcitriol. In the present study, jewelry makers from Dhaka, Bangladesh, were shown to have significantly high levels of lead, protein, albumin, and parathormone in their blood, and significantly high amount of zinc-protoporphyrin and δ-amino-levulinic-acid in their urine. The control group, on the other hand showed significantly higher amounts of calcium (both total and ionized form) Vitamin D3 and non-activated erythrocyte ALAD in their blood, along with hemoglobin. It might be due to inhibition of 1-α-hydroxylase enzyme in renal tubules. Lead causes nephro-toxicity and inhibits 1-α- hydroxylase enzyme leading to decreased calcitriol synthesis resulting in impaired calcium absorption across gastro-intestinal tract and renal tubules. Low Vitamin D3 and significantly increased Parathyroid hormone (PTH) in study group has been found. 相似文献
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灌溉水矿化度对玛纳斯流域棉花生长影响的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
合理利用咸水资源对缓解干旱区绿洲农业用水矛盾有重要意义。本文于2010年和2011年在石河子大学节水灌溉试验站研究了矿化度为0.87、2、3、4、6、8g/L的咸水对土壤水盐动态和棉花生长及产量的影响。结果表明,咸水灌溉导致土壤剖面持续积盐,棉花叶面积指数减小,干物质积累减少、产量下降;灌溉水矿化度每提高1g/L,产量降低约391kg/hm2;土壤根系层(0～60cm)可溶性盐浓度每升高1g/L,产量降低约861kg/hm2。在灌溉水矿化度2g/L情况下,100cm土层盐分最大累积率2010年为113%,2011年为26%,呈下降趋势,棉花生长、干物质积累及产量受影响较小,可作为该区咸水利用调控参考阈值,指导农业生产。 相似文献