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1.
Jaroslava Vasutova 《Higher Education in Europe》1998,23(4):473-481
This article discusses the intricacies of the relationship between the academic profession and scholarship in the current conditions of Czech higher education. It provides an overview of the evaluation parameters of the academic profession from different points of view. It also presents the two sides of the academic career in higher education: research and teaching, both composing scholarship, and their places in an academic career. The main problem for university teachers in the changing educational and social context of the Czech Republic is one of conserving those traditions judged to be useful and of stressing certain professional competencies over others. The research function is threatened by inadequate working conditions and administrative barriers. 相似文献
2.
Helen Peterson 《Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research》2017,61(1):1-17
This article highlights the multifaceted character of the Swedish higher education sector and investigates senior academic management positions from a gender perspective using theories about an academic prestige economy and academic capitalism. The focus is on an aspect often overseen in research on Swedish academia: the distinction between universities and university colleges. The analysis draws on interviews with 22 women in senior management positions in Swedish higher education and a quantitative mapping of the Vice-Chancellor and Pro-Vice-Chancellor positions in universities and university colleges between 1990 and 2015. The results illustrate that the academic prestige economy is interwoven with both gender and academic capitalism and produce different working conditions and requirements for senior managers at universities and university colleges. 相似文献
3.
The context of Macedonian higher education has changed dramatically in the last fifteen years. A rapid increase in the number of public and private institutions and a greater diversity of higher education degrees have not been associated with improvements in quality. The research output of academic staff is modest; academics contribute little to the society's development. Academia in North Macedonia is under pressure due to chronic underfinancing of higher education and research, and an underdeveloped system of quality assurance, as well as growing expectations for relevance and internationalisation. This article presents an original empirical study on academic staff. It examines how 388 faculty at higher education institutions in North Macedonia perceived changes in the environment of the academic profession, and how changes in their working conditions potentially influence their academic identity and wellbeing. The results are compared to European data. Findings show that about half of research participants believed that the overall conditions for work and the quality of teaching, learning and research have deteriorated in recent years. This contributes to a perception of the academic profession as stressful and unattractive which results in lower levels of overall academic wellbeing which constitutes a threat to academic identity amongst the staff. Consequently, we expect further decreases in motivation, work ethic and productivity in the academic profession, as well as an increase in the desire of academics to leave Macedonia. 相似文献
4.
Peter Williams 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(6):978-989
Assessment in higher education has focused on the performance of individual students. This focus has been a practical as well as an epistemic one: methods of assessment are constrained by the technology of the day, and in the past they required the completion by individuals under controlled conditions of set-piece academic exercises. Recent advances in learning analytics, drawing upon vast sets of digitally stored student activity data, open new practical and epistemic possibilities for assessment, and carry the potential to transform higher education. It is becoming practicable to assess the individual and collective performance of team members working on complex projects that closely simulate the professional contexts that graduates will encounter. In addition to academic knowledge, this authentic assessment can include a diverse range of personal qualities and dispositions that are key to the computer-supported cooperative working of professionals in the knowledge economy. This paper explores the implications of such opportunities for the purpose and practices of assessment in higher education, as universities adapt their institutional missions to address twenty-first century needs. The paper concludes with a strong recommendation for university leaders to deploy analytics to support and evaluate the collaborative learning of students working in realistic contexts. 相似文献
5.
Romuin Reich 《Higher Education in Europe》2006,31(3):303-307
This paper discusses a special agreement for scientific professions that is expected to reform structures and working conditions of staff in higher education and research institutions in Germany. While differentiating their professional levels and careers, such an agreement should also deal with issues of income, promotion of women, brain drain – brain gain, and the Europeanisation of higher education in Germany, with the aim of increasing the attractiveness of the academic profession. 相似文献
6.
Italian university professors in transition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Roberto Moscati 《Higher Education》2001,41(1-2):103-129
In recent years, Italian university professors have, for the first time in decades, faced a process of structural change encompassing the entire system of higher education. These transformations represent a long overdue answer to the unmet social demand for higher education, and have forced academic staff members to adjust to changes in their working conditions. This article examines a number of alternatives related to their professional condition that Italian university professors need to consider in this changing situation. 相似文献
7.
Marek Kwiek 《Higher Education》2003,45(4):455-476
The period since 1989 has been an extremely dynamic one in Polish highereducation. New opportunities have opened up for the academic community,along with new challenges. Suddenly, the academic profession has arrivedat a stage that combines far-reaching autonomy with rather uncertainindividual career prospects. In recent years, a number of new laws havebeen proposed that were intended to change the whole structure ofrecruitment, promotions, remuneration, working conditions, andappointments of academic faculty. All this has occurred admidst thestrains and tensions resulting from changes in the broader society. Thesudden passage from the more or less elite higher education system tomass higher education with a strong and dynamic private sector hastransformed the situation of the academic community beyond allrecognition. The transition has resulted in a new set of values andchanges in position, tasks, and roles for academe in society. Today,the future of the Polish academic profession remains undetermined. Thepositive changes were accompanied by the chronic underfunding of publichigher education. Polish academics have learned to accommodatethemselves to the permanent state of uncertainty in which they areforced to operate. The present paper analyzes the current situation fromthe perspective of global changes affecting the academic profession. 相似文献
8.
高职高专院校专业带头人在专业建设中有示范带头作用。本文明确了专业带头人的角色定位,并提出了高职高专院校进行专业建设、培养专业带头人的基本思路。 相似文献
9.
基于工作过程导向高职教育改革是全国示范性高职建设中涌现的重要思潮。本文描述了基于工作过程导向的高职教育思潮的形成过程,从多元智力理论、知识类型理论、建构主义理论、知识管理理论以及实用主义理论等经典理论视角对基于工作过程导向高职教育思潮的理论意蕴进行了阐释,并对基于工作过程导向的高职教育行动要领进行了探讨,探明了高职课程开发的逻辑起点、课程运行的基本理念和基本模式、高职课程的教学哲学与基本范式。 相似文献
10.
Simon Warren 《教育政策杂志》2017,32(2):127-140
What happens when neoliberalism as a structural and structuring force is taken up within institutions of higher education, and works upon academics in higher education individually? Employing a critical authoethnographic approach, this paper explores the way technologies of research performance management, specifically, work to produce academics (and academic managers) as particular kinds of neoliberal subject. The struggle to make oneself visible is seen to occur under the gaze of academic normativity – the norms of academic practice that include both locally negotiated practices and the performative demands of auditing and metrics that characterise the neoliberal university. The paper indicates how the dual process of being worked upon and working upon ourselves can produce personally harmful effects. The result is a process of systemic violence. This paper invites higher education workers and policy-makers to think higher education otherwise and to reconsider our personal and collective complicity in the processes shaping higher education. 相似文献
11.
Until the recent radical transformations got underway in the former Soviet Union and the Russian Federation, the USSR as a whole was making important strides in favour of the facilitating of scientific and research‐oriented careers for women. Because the economic dislocation of the current period has induced male scientists in particular to leave the academic world for commercial enterprises or to emigrate to foreign countries, the feminization of higher education and higher education‐related research seems to be all the more increased. The Russian government, so far as it is specifically concerned, is committed to improving the working and professional conditions of scientific workers of both sexes. 相似文献
12.
Drawing on case studies of 27 working‐class students across four UK higher education institutions, this article attempts to develop a multilayered, sociological understanding of student identities that draws together social and academic aspects. Working with a concept of student identity that combines the more specific notion of learner identity with more general understandings of how students are positioned in relation to their discipline, their peer group and the wider university, the article examines the influence of widely differing academic places and spaces on student identities. Differences between institutions are conceptualised in terms of institutional habitus, and the article explores how the four different institutional habituses result in a range of experiences of fitting in and standing out in higher education. For some this involves combining a sense of belonging in both middle‐class higher education and working‐class homes, while others only partially absorb a sense of themselves as students. 相似文献
13.
Sociological institutional theory views universities as model driven organizations. The world’s stratification system promotes
conformity, imitation and isomorphism towards the “best” university models. Accordingly, academic roles may be locally shaped
in minor ways, but are defined and measured explicitly in global terms. We test this proposition using data on the allocation
of working time between academic tasks at research universities in thirteen countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada,
China, Finland, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Malaysia, Norway, UK, and the USA. We find that working time patterns differ significantly
across countries, suggesting that conditions of academic work remain heavily dependent on national higher education traditions.
Faculty members holding the highest professorial rank share more in common, with generally stronger interests in research
and a greater time dedication to research over teaching. However, in countries with comparably steep academic hierarchies,
professor positions typically entail significantly fewer teaching hours and more administration. 相似文献
14.
Teaching quality improvements frequently focus upon the ‘development’ of individual academics in higher education. However, research also shows that the academics’ context has considerable influence upon their practices. This study examines the working environments of teachers on an online pharmacy programme, investigating contextual conditions that facilitate or impede academic change and development. Interview data and institutional policy documents are examined within a Cultural-Historical Activity Theory framework. Distinct differences in the teachers’ sociocultural context were identified as influencing change and development. Departmental teaching cultures and patterns of communication influenced practice both positively, by offering collegial support, and negatively by impeding change. The findings have significance for academic development strategies. They suggest that departmental-level support should include communicative pathways that promote reflection upon and development of conceptions of teaching and learning. 相似文献
15.
Robin Humphrey 《Higher Education Quarterly》2006,60(3):270-286
This paper explores the social and academic effects of term‐time working on undergraduate students at an English university. Data initially collected via a survey of student social relationships were enhanced by the inclusion of end‐of‐year academic performance. Various inferential statistical techniques were used to identify these effects. Path analysis was employed to disentangle significant variables and to show that term‐time working had direct and significant effects on the two factors shown to be affected most significantly by term‐time working: end‐of‐year average grade and participation in university societies. A major finding was that almost all students who worked came from state schools rather than from independent privately financed schools. The findings are discussed within the context of the recent history of funding policy regarding higher education in England. A key conclusion is that structured inequality, an inherent feature of a divided secondary education system, is being pulled firmly into higher education. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, we sought to address the following research question: What knowledge and skills are needed by instructional designers in higher education to be successful in their roles? We interviewed eight instructional designers from across the United States, all working for institutions of higher education. Using the constant comparative method, we analyzed our data to identify relevant themes. Our results suggest that instructional designers in higher education must have a solid foundation in instructional design and learning theory, possess soft skills and technical skills, and have a willingness to learn on the job. Most instructional designers felt their academic backgrounds assisted them with their job roles, and, in particular, valued their professional experiences. Instructional designers in higher education must also keep abreast of multiple emerging information and communication technologies. We provide a discussion to synthesize our findings. The findings are relevant to professionals, professional academic programs, and professional associations. 相似文献
17.
This article discusses the creation of space and time for feminist approaches in higher education in the context of shifting community and employment relations and the restructuring of higher education space‐time. It draws on the reflections of three feminist academics concerning aspects of their work biographies in two very different higher education settings. It explores the shift from working in an academic department concerned with community studies to one concerned with education and related employment. The article focuses on the attempt to sustain feminist practices through these changing times and settings and is informed by the work on time and space by Barbara Adam, Henri Lefebvre and Doreen Massey. 相似文献
18.
伯顿.克拉克的高等教育系统整合观点认为,高等教育工作组织及其伴随的信念产生各种权利关系,学科和院校单位通过国家、市场和学者的协调形成复杂的学术系统。这一观点对高等教育改革的启示在于:从各种权利关系及国家、市场和学者的协调出发解析高等教育系统,探求新型“大学、政府与市场”关系的冲突性及三者关系的调适。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of College Student Psychotherapy》2013,27(3):259-268
Many institutions of higher education have provisions for allowing academic latitude when serious mental health problems get in the way of learning. This article reviews a hierarchy of academic remedies that may be utilized and the role of the college counseling center with respect to their use. The discussion centers around counseling center policies and their practical application, which involves working closely with the dean's office. The article considers the pros and cons of counseling center involvement, concluding that involvement is generally beneficial for both psychological and academic reasons. 相似文献
20.
Peter Felten Sophia Abbot Jordan Kirkwood Aaron Long Tanya Lubicz-Nawrocka Lucy Mercer-Mapstone 《International Journal for Academic Development》2019,24(2):192-203
ABSTRACTAs calls for student-staff partnership proliferate across higher education, academic development must re-examine and reimagine its relationship to students. Students generally occupy roles with limited agency in academic development. We argue that this needs to change. We propose re-articulating the purpose of academic development toward the creation of conditions that liberate everyone involved in teaching and learning in higher education. We offer four vignettes that illustrate what is possible when students have the opportunity to embrace their essential roles. We conclude by reflecting on the human implications of student agency in academic development and higher education more broadly. 相似文献